scholarly journals Starch-Based Hybrid Nanomaterials for Environmental Remediation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashoka Gamage ◽  
Thiviya Punniamoorthy ◽  
Terrence Madhujith
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Hybrid Nanomaterials ◽  
Metal Metal

Environmental pollution is becoming a major global issue with increasing anthropogenic activities that release massive toxic pollutants into the land, air, and water. Nanomaterials have gained the most popularity in the last decades over conventional methods because of their high surface area to volume ratio and higher reactivity. Nanomaterials including metal, metal oxide, zero-valent ions, carbonaceous nanomaterials, and polymers function as adsorbents, catalysts, photocatalysts, membrane (filtration), disinfectants, and sensors in the detection and removal of various pollutants such as heavy metals, organic pollutants, dyes, industrial effluents, and pathogenic microbial. Polymer-inorganic hybrid materials or nanocomposites are highly studied for the removal of various contaminants. Starch, a heteropolysaccharide, is a natural biopolymer generally incorporated with other metal, metal oxide, and other polymeric nanoparticles and has been reported in various environmental remediation applications as a low-cost alternative for petroleum-based polymers. Therefore, this chapter mainly highlights the various nanomaterials used in environmental remediation, starch-based hybrid nanomaterials, and their application and limitations.

Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Environmental Remediation

2017 ◽  
pp. 705-741
Author(s):  
Ravindra Kumar Gautam ◽  
Shivani Soni ◽  
Mahesh Chandra Chattopadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

Water pollution by anthropogenic activities is proving to be of critical concern as the heavy metals affect aquatic organisms and can quickly disperse to large distances. This poses a risk to both human health and the aquatic biota. Hence, there is a need to treat the wastewater containing toxic metals before they are discharged into the water bodies. During recent years, magnetic nanoparticles came to the foreground of scientific interest as a potential adsorbent of novel wastewater treatment processes. Magnetic nanoparticles have received much attention due to their unique properties, such as extremely small size, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, surface modifiability, multi functionality, excellent magnetic properties, low-cost synthesis, and great biocompatibility. The multi-functional magnetic nanoparticles have been successfully applied for the reduction of toxic metal ions up to ppb level in waste-treated water. This chapter highlights the potential application of magnetic nanoparticles for the removal of heavy metals.

Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Environmental Remediation

2015 ◽  
pp. 518-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Kumar Gautam ◽  
Shivani Soni ◽  
Mahesh Chandra Chattopadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

Water pollution by anthropogenic activities is proving to be of critical concern as the heavy metals affect aquatic organisms and can quickly disperse to large distances. This poses a risk to both human health and the aquatic biota. Hence, there is a need to treat the wastewater containing toxic metals before they are discharged into the water bodies. During recent years, magnetic nanoparticles came to the foreground of scientific interest as a potential adsorbent of novel wastewater treatment processes. Magnetic nanoparticles have received much attention due to their unique properties, such as extremely small size, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, surface modifiability, multi functionality, excellent magnetic properties, low-cost synthesis, and great biocompatibility. The multi-functional magnetic nanoparticles have been successfully applied for the reduction of toxic metal ions up to ppb level in waste-treated water. This chapter highlights the potential application of magnetic nanoparticles for the removal of heavy metals.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology for Environmental Remediation: Materials and Applications

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Guerra ◽  
Mohamed Attia ◽  
Daniel Whitehead ◽  
Frank Alexis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Chlorinated Organic Compounds ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Chlorinated Organic ◽  
Materials Used

Environmental remediation relies mainly on using various technologies (e.g., adsorption, absorption, chemical reactions, photocatalysis, and filtration) for the removal of contaminants from different environmental media (e.g., soil, water, and air). The enhanced properties and effectiveness of nanotechnology-based materials makes them particularly suitable for such processes given that they have a high surface area-to-volume ratio, which often results in higher reactivity. This review provides an overview of three main categories of nanomaterials (inorganic, carbon-based, and polymeric-based materials) used for environmental remediation. The use of these nanomaterials for the remediation of different environmental contaminants—such as heavy metals, dyes, chlorinated organic compounds, organophosphorus compounds, volatile organic compounds, and halogenated herbicides—is reviewed. Various recent examples are extensively highlighted focusing on the materials and their applications.

Transition metal/metal oxide modified MCM-41 for pollutant degradation and hydrogen energy production: a review

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (102) ◽  
pp. 83707-83724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipti Prava Sahoo ◽  
Dharitri Rath ◽  
Binita Nanda ◽  
K. M. Parida
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Pollutant Degradation ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Catalytic Applications ◽  
Mcm 41

Metal/metal oxide modified MCM-41 materials are suitable for various catalytic applications. The high surface area, mesoscopic pore size and tunable pore volume of the materials play a key role in enhancing the catalytic activity.

scholarly journals Research Progress on the Applications of Electrospun Nanofibers in Catalysis

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
M. Olga Guerrero-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Internal Diffusion ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Bibliographic Analysis ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Electro Catalysis

During the last two decades, electrospinning has become a very popular technique for the fabrication of nanofibers due to its low cost and simple handling. Nanofiber materials have found utilization in many areas such as medicine, sensors, batteries, etc. In catalysis, these materials also present important advantages, since they present a low resistance to internal diffusion and a high surface area to volume ratio. These advantages are mainly due to the diameter–length proportion. A bibliographic analysis on the applications of electrospun nanofibers in catalysis shows that there are two important groups of catalysts that are being investigated, based on TiO2 and in carbon materials. The main applications found are in photo- and in electro-catalysis. The present study contributes by reviewing these catalytic applications of electrospun nanofibers and demonstrating that they are promising materials as catalysts, underlining some works to prove the advantages and possibilities that these materials have as catalysts. On one hand, the possibilities of synthesis are almost infinite, since with coaxial electrospinning quite complex nanofibers with different layers can be prepared. On the other hand, the diameter and other properties can be controlled by monitoring the applied voltage and other parameters during the synthesis, being quite reproducible procedures. The main advantages of these materials can be grouped in two: one related to their morphology, as has been commented, relative to their low resistance and internal diffusion, that is, their fluidynamic behavior in the reactor; the second group involves advantages related to the fact that the active phases can be nanoscaled and dispersed, improving the activity and selectivity in comparison with conventional catalytic materials with the same chemical composition.

scholarly journals Design and Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials for Sensor Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Naumih M. Noah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Metal Metal

There has been an increasing demand for the development of sensor devices with improved characteristics such as sensitivity, low cost, faster response, reliability, rapider recovery, reduced size, in situ analysis, and simple operation. Nanostructured materials have shown great potential in improving these properties for chemical and biological sensors. There are different nanostructured materials which have been used in manufacturing nanosensors which include nanoscale wires (capability of high detection sensitivity), carbon nanotubes (very high surface area and high electron conductivity), thin films, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, polymer, and biomaterials. This review provides different methods which have been used in the synthesis and fabrication of these nanostructured materials followed by an extensive review of the recent developments of metal, metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, and polymer nanostructured materials in sensor applications.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles using Brazilian red propolis and evaluation of its antimicrobial and anticancer activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. A. Botteon ◽  
L. B. Silva ◽  
G. V. Ccana-Ccapatinta ◽  
T. S. Silva ◽  
S. R. Ambrosio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Anticancer Activities

AbstractGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are highlighted due to their low toxicity, compatibility with the human body, high surface area to volume ratio, and surfaces that can be easily modified with ligands. Biosynthesis of AuNPs using plant extract is considered a simple, low-cost, and eco-friendly approach. Brazilian Red Propolis (BRP), a product of bees, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. Here, we described the biosynthesis of AuNPs using BRP extract (AuNPextract) and its fractions (AuNPhexane, AuNPdichloromethane, AuNPethyl acetate) and evaluated their structural properties and their potential against microorganisms and cancer cells. AuNPs showed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 535 nm. The sizes and morphologies were influenced by the BRP sample used in the reaction. FTIR and TGA revealed the involvement of bioactive compounds from BRP extract or its fractions in the synthesis and stabilization of AuNPs. AuNPdichloromethane and AuNPhexane exhibited antimicrobial activities against all strains tested, showing their efficacy as antimicrobial agents to treat infectious diseases. AuNPs showed dose-dependent cytotoxic activity both in T24 and PC-3 cells. AuNPdichloromethane and AuNPextract exhibited the highest in vitro cytotoxic effect. Also, the cytotoxicity of biogenic nanoparticles was induced by mechanisms associated with apoptosis. The results highlight a potential low-cost green method using Brazilian red propolis to synthesize AuNPs, which demonstrated significant biological properties.

scholarly journals Critical Reviews on Engineered Nanoparticles in Environmental Remediation

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Brij Bhushan Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
High Volume Production ◽  
Automotive Textiles

Environmental contamination is one of the important issues that the world is facing today, it is always expanding and leading to the grave and harmful effect on the Earth. Nanoparticles have a diameter less than 100 nm exhibit new size-dependent properties compared with the bulk material. Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) have unique characteristics in addition to the high surface area-to-volume ratio, which may increase their toxicity relative to bulk materials. Due to the high volume production of ENPs products such as carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide, silver, zinc oxide environmental exposure to these compounds is very common. ENPs have their unique properties and applications in the areas of medicine, food& drink, construction, automotive, textiles, energy, electronics, environment etc. The present critical review is focused on the recent development of the applications of ENPs in the environmental remediation and their toxic effects.

scholarly journals The Facile Synthesis of Novel ZnO Nanostructure for Galactose Biosensor Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Ha La Phan ◽  
Quang Trung Tran ◽  
Duc Anh Dinh ◽  
Ko Kang Bok ◽  
Chang-Hee Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Galactose Oxidase ◽  
Electrode Structure ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Zno Nanostructure ◽  
Biosensor Application

We introduce a novel structure of ZnO nanorods (NRs) grown on ZnO NRs (ZnO NRs/NRs) via a facile, low-cost, and environmentally friendly synthesis for galactose biosensor application. The galactose oxidase enzyme (GalOx) is immobilized on the ZnO NR/NR surface to form the novel electrode structure (GalOx|ZnO NRs/NRs). The GalOx|ZnO NR/NR electrode has a linear detection range of current density from 11.30 μA/mm2 to 18.16 μA/mm2 over a galactose concentration range from 40 mM to 230 mM, indicating the increment of electrode sensitivity up to 60.7%. The ZnO NR/NR morphology with a high surface area to volume ratio has a great contribution to the electrochemical performance of galactose biosensor. Our results propose a straightforward approach to fabricate architecturally ZnO-based nanostructure for biosensor application.

scholarly journals Metal Oxide Semiconductor: Future Material for Gas Sensors and it’s Synthesis Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S3) ◽  
pp. 1615-1619
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Metal Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Oxide Semiconductors ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis

This paper provides a complete idea about metal oxide semiconductors ((MOSs) for gas sensing application. Metal oxide semiconductor nano-materials are showing much higher strength in many industries, research laboratories and public health and so on with their effective chemical, physical, and electronic properties. The morphology, band gap, porosity, conductivity properties, low cost and high surface area etc. are few of the properties of MOSs that are responsible for the enhancement of sensing properties in various applications. Besides these, now-a-days MOSs are grown in different nanostructures like nano rods, nano flowers, nano sheets, nanowires etc. using the various growth techniques which are further responsible for their betterment as gas sensors. Therefore, this paper gives a complete idea about the different methods of synthesis of MOSs.

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