Effects of Chronic Ethanol Consumption and Ovariectomy on the Spontaneous Alveolar Bone Loss in Rats

Postmenopausal estrogen deficiency and ethanol (EtOH) abuse are known risk factors for different diseases including bone tissues. However, little is known about the synergic effects of EtOH abuse and estrogen deficiency on alveolar bone loss in women. The present study evaluated the effects of EtOH chronic exposure and ovariectomy on the alveolar bone loss in female rats. For this, 40 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, EtOH exposure, ovariectomy (OVX), and OVX plus EtOH exposure. Initially, half of the animals were ovariectomized at 75 days of age. After that, the groups received distilled water or EtOH 6.5 g/kg/day (20% w/v) for 55 days via gavage. Thereafter, animals were sacrificed and the mandibles were collected, dissected, and separated into hemimandibles. Alveolar bone loss was evaluated by measuring the distance between the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar bone crest through a stereomicroscope in 3 different anatomical regions of the tissue. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey were used to compare groups ( p < 0.05 ). The results showed that the ovariectomy and EtOH exposure per se were able to induce alveolar bone loss, and their association did intensify significantly the effect. Therefore, OVX associated with heavy EtOH exposure increase the spontaneous alveolar bone loss in rats.

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Estrogen deficiency and periodontal condition in rats: a radiographic and macroscopic study

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402006000300005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 201-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Ana Lia Anbinder ◽

Marcela de Almeida Prado ◽

Marianne Spalding ◽

Ivan Balducci ◽

Yasmin Rodarte Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Estrogen Deficiency ◽

Female Rats ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Furcation Involvement ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of ovariectomy-induced estrogen deficiency as a risk factor of periodontal disease in rats. Forty 90-day old female rats were either ovariectomized (OVX; n=20) or sham operated (SHAM; n=20). After 30 days, periodontitis was induced by placement of a cotton ligature around the upper second molars of 10 OVX and 10 SHAM animals. All animals were sacrificed 5 weeks later. Body weight was assessed before all surgical procedures. The left hemimaxillas were removed and the percentage of periodontal bone support was determined radiographically and buccal alveolar bone loss was determined macroscopically using an image-analysis software. Furcation involvement was also evaluated. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA at 5% significance level. Within the evaluated period, the ovariectomized rats gained more weight than the sham-operated animals (p<0.001). The animals in which periodontitis was induced had less bone support, greater alveolar bone loss and furcation involvement than those without ligature (p<0.001). However, there was no difference between ovariectomized and sham-operated animals (p>0.05). Based on the findings of this study, estrogen deficiency could not be considered as a risk factor for periodontal disease.

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Influence of different durations of estrogen deficiency on alveolar bone loss in rats

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242011000600011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 538-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Susana Ungaro Amadei ◽

Daniela Martins de Souza ◽

Adriana Aigotti Haberbeck Brandão ◽

Rosilene Fernandes da Rocha

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Estrogen Deficiency

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The effect of dexamethasone in the pathogenesis of ligature-induced periodontal disease in Wistar rats

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242005000400010 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 290-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Juliano Cavagni ◽

Ana Cristina Soletti ◽

Eduardo José Gaio ◽

Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Test Group ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Control Group ◽

Female Wistar Rats ◽

The Mean

The aim of this study was to evaluate, in rats, the role of the systemic use of dexamethasone in the pathogenesis of induced alveolar bone loss. In 26 female Wistar rats, ligatures were placed around the second upper molars, and the contralateral ones served as intra-group controls. Two groups were formed. The test group received 0.5 mg/kg of dexamethasone subcutaneously every third day during thirty days. The control group received the same amount of saline solution. After thirty days, the animals were sacrificed and their maxillae were removed. Sodium hypochlorite was used to prepare the specimens, and the cementum-enamel junction was stained with 1% methylene blue. Morphometric analysis of the alveolar bone loss was performed with standardized digital photographs, and the distance between the cementum-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest was measured with the software ImageTool 3.0. Intra-examiner calibration revealed a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.99. Statistical analysis was performed by paired or independent samplet tests, as appropriate (alpha = 0.05). Dexamethasone increased the mean alveolar bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis in relation to the control group (0.77 and 0.61 buccally, and 0.65 and 0.56 palatally, respectively). No significant differences were observed intergroups in the teeth without ligatures. In the animal model used here, the use of dexamethasone increased the progression of ligature-induced alveolar bone loss.

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Effects of Estrogen Deficiency and/or Caffeine Intake on Alveolar Bone Loss, Density, and Healing: A Study in Rats

Journal of Periodontology ◽

10.1902/jop.2012.120192 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 84 (6) ◽

pp. 839-849 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Joyce Pinho Bezerra ◽

Ariane de Siqueira ◽

Amanda Gonçalves Pires ◽

Marcelo Rocha Marques ◽

Poliana Mendes Duarte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Estrogen Deficiency ◽

Caffeine Intake

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Probiotics Ameliorate Alveolar Bone Loss by Regulating Gut Microbiota

10.21203/rs.3.rs-97356/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Leming Jia ◽

Ye Tu ◽

Xiaoyue Jia ◽

Qian Du ◽

Xin Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Critical Role ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Estrogen Deficiency ◽

Long Bone ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Gut Permeability ◽

Ovx Rats

Abstract BackgroundEstrogen deficiency is an etiological factor of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO), which not only decreases bone density in vertebrae and long bone, but also aggravates inflammatory bone loss in alveolar bone. Recent evidence has suggested the critical role of gut microbiota in osteoimmunology, and modulation of gut microbiota may have positive influence on bone metabolisms. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of probiotics on alveolar bone loss under estrogen-deficient condition. Inflammatory alveolar bone loss induced by either chronic periodontitis or apical periodontitis was established in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, which were gavage-fed with probiotics daily until sacrifice. Gut microbiota and gut permeability, as well as alveolar bone loss and the related osteoimmune were evaluated to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms by which probiotics counter the alveolar bone loss under estrogen-deficiency. ResultsWe found that administration of probiotics significantly prevented periodontal and apical bone resorption in OVX rats. Administration of probiotics significantly enriched butyrate-producing genera and enhanced gut butyrate production, resulting in improved intestinal barrier and decreased gut permeability in the OVX rats. Furthermore, the estrogen deprivation-induced inflammatory responses were suppressed in probiotics-treated OVX rats, as reflected by reduced serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and a balanced distribution of CD4+IL-17A+Th17 cells and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in the bone marrow. ConclusionOur data demonstrate that probiotics can effectively attenuate alveolar bone loss by modulating gut microbiota and further regulating osteoimmune, and thus represent a promising adjuvant in the treatment of alveolar bone loss under estrogen-deficiency.

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EFFECTS OF ALENDRONATE THERAPY ON CYCLOSPORINE INDUCED ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS : A MORPHO-METRIC AND BIO-CHEMICAL STUDY IN RATS

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/193 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 947-955

Author(s):

Sneha R Bhat ◽

◽

Aravind R Kudva ◽

Dhoom S Mehta ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Chemical Study ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss

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3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid attenuates ligature-induced periodontal disease in Wistar rats.

Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871523019666200206094335 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

Author(s):

Ozkan Karatas ◽

Fikret Gevrek

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Collagenase Activity ◽

Osteoblastic Activity ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Experimental Periodontitis ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid, which is also known as gallic acid, is an anti-inflammatory agent who could provide beneficial effects in preventing periodontal inflammation. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of gallic acid on experimental periodontitis in Wistar rats. Alveolar bone loss, osteoclastic activity, osteoblastic activity, and collagenase activity were also determined. Methods: 32 Wistar rats were used in the present study. Study groups were created as following: Healthy control (C,n=8) group; periodontitis (P,n=8) group; periodontitis and 30 mg/kg gallic acid administered group (G30,n=8); periodontitis and 60 mg/kg gallic acid administered group (G60,n=8). Experimental periodontitis was created by placing 4-0 silk sutures around the mandibular right first molar tooth. Morphological changes in alveolar bone were determined by stereomicroscopic evaluation. Mandibles were undergone histological evaluation. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)-1, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 expressions, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive osteoclast cells, osteoblast, and inflammatory cell counts were determined. Results: Highest alveolar bone loss was observed in the periodontitis group. Both doses of gallic acid decreased alveolar bone loss compared to the P group. TRAP-positive osteoclast cell counts were higher in the P group, and gallic acid successfully lowered these counts. Osteoblast cells also increased in gallic acid administered groups. Inflammation in the P group was also higher than those of C, G30, and G60 groups supporting the role of gallic acid in preventing inflammation. 30 and 60 mg/kg doses of gallic acid decreased MMP-8 levels and increased TIMP-1 levels. BMP levels increased in gallic acid administered groups, similar to several osteoblasts. Conclusion: Present results revealed an anti-inflammatory effect of gallic acid, which was indicated by decreased alveolar bone loss and collagenase activity and increased osteoblastic activity.

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Gram-positive bacteria cell wall-derived lipoteichoic acid induces inflammatory alveolar bone loss through prostaglandin E production in osteoblasts

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92744-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tsukasa Tominari ◽

Ayumi Sanada ◽

Ryota Ichimaru ◽

Chiho Matsumoto ◽

Michiko Hirata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Osteoclast Differentiation ◽

Lipoteichoic Acid ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

AbstractPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease associated with severe alveolar bone loss and is dominantly induced by lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria; however, the role of Gram-positive bacteria in periodontal bone resorption remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a major cell-wall factor of Gram-positive bacteria, on the progression of inflammatory alveolar bone loss in a model of periodontitis. In coculture of mouse primary osteoblasts and bone marrow cells, LTA induced osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. LTA enhanced the production of PGE2 accompanying the upregulation of the mRNA expression of mPGES-1, COX-2 and RANKL in osteoblasts. The addition of indomethacin effectively blocked the LTA-induced osteoclast differentiation by suppressing the production of PGE2. Using ex vivo organ cultures of mouse alveolar bone, we found that LTA induced alveolar bone resorption and that this was suppressed by indomethacin. In an experimental model of periodontitis, LTA was locally injected into the mouse lower gingiva, and we clearly detected alveolar bone destruction using 3D-μCT. We herein demonstrate a new concept indicating that Gram-positive bacteria in addition to Gram-negative bacteria are associated with the progression of periodontal bone loss.

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