scholarly journals Precision Detection Technology: Equipping Precision Oncology with Wings

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rilan Bai ◽  
Zheng Lv ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Hanfei Guo ◽  
Ling Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Rare Gene ◽  
The Many

In recent years, precision medical detection techniques experienced a rapid transformation from low-throughput to high-throughput genomic sequencing, from multicell promiscuous detection to single-cell precision sequencing. The emergence of liquid biopsy technology has compensated for the many limitations of tissue biopsy, leading to a tremendous transformation in precision detection. Precision detection techniques contribute to monitoring disease development more closely, evaluating therapeutic effects more scientifically, and developing new targets and new drugs. In the future, the role of precision detection and the joint detection in epigenetics, rare gene detection, individualized targeted therapy, and multigene targeted drug combination therapy should be extensively explored. This article reviews the changes in precision medical detection technology in the era of precision medicine, as well as the development, clinical application, and future challenges of liquid biopsy.

scholarly journals Using chemical biology to assess and modulate mitochondria: progress and challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20160151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Logan ◽  
Michael P. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Many ◽  
Opening Up

Our understanding of the role of mitochondria in biomedical sciences has expanded considerably over the past decade. In addition to their well-known metabolic roles, mitochondrial are also central to signalling for various processes through the generation of signals such as ROS and metabolites that affect cellular homeostasis, as well as other processes such as cell death and inflammation. Thus, mitochondrial function and dysfunction are central to the health and fate of the cell. Consequently, there is considerable interest in better understanding and assessing the many roles of mitochondria. Furthermore, there is also a growing realization that mitochondrial are a promising drug target in a wide range of pathologies. The application of interdisciplinary approaches at the interface between chemistry and biology are opening up new opportunities to understand mitochondrial function and in assessing the role of the organelle in biology. This work and the experience thus gained are leading to the development of new classes of therapies. Here, we overview the progress that has been made to date on exploring the chemical biology of the organelle and then focus on future challenges and opportunities that face this rapidly developing field.

scholarly journals Colloids and Interfaces in Oil Recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Spencer E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Colloid Chemistry ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Many

The role of surface and colloid chemistry in the petroleum industry is of great importance to the many current and future challenges confronting this sector [...]

The Role of Melatonin in the Management of Patients with Tinnitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1156-1159
Author(s):  
Dragos Cristian Stefanescu ◽  
Razvan Hainarosie ◽  
Viorel Zainea ◽  
Radu Cristian Jecan
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Multicenter Studies ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Sound Therapy

The therapeutic approach in tinnitus is still an open subject. Perhaps, the correct approach would be the management of a patient with a chronic suffering that occurred at the active ageand who, in the absence of an adequate intervention, may be incapacitated. Sound therapy, counseling and cognitive behavioral psychotherapy are the widely accepted by specialized physicians in tinnitus. Patients are still looking for medical treatment and the physician is required to integrate new drugs into his or her therapeutic arsenal. Melatonin is a relatively recently introduced substance in Romania and its primary therapeutic use is in sleep disorders. The present paper describes our experience with melatonin as treatment for selected patients with tinnitus. The melatonin treatment has shown an efficacy of 80% in our study, as secondary treatment in tinnitus after initially counseling. The obtained results can also be a prerequisite for the integrative approach of the patients with tinnitus in the context of the pathological conditions and not as an isolated clinical picture. Considering the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of tinnitus and the other therapeutic effects of melatonin (central nervous system modulator and antioxidant), more extensive and multicenter studies are needed.

Prognostic and Theragnostic Applications of Circulating Tumor DNA (CtDNA) in Metastatic Castrate- resistant Prostatic Carcinoma in Veterans: A Novel Promise in Precision Oncology

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S144-S144
Author(s):  
S Dalal ◽  
D Jhala
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Prostatic Carcinoma ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Castrate Resistant

Abstract Introduction/Objective Utility of CtDNA in peripheral blood through liquid biopsies serves as a robust biomarker for precision oncology. Prostate cancer is most common cancer diagnosed in veterans, more commonly presenting at advanced stage with increased incidence of metastatic castrate-resistant prostatic carcinoma (MCRPC). Minimally invasive liquid biopsy is not limited by tumor site, type, tumor heterogeneity, and most importantly enables real time disease monitoring for best therapy decisions in MCRPC. The literature is sparse depicting the role of CtDNA in MCRPC in veteran patient population with distinct demographics/frequency of Tp53 mutations. We herein aim to study role of CtDNA in liquid biopsies for prognosis, treatment decisions and outcome in veterans with MCRPC. Methods QA documents from Foundation One (Cambridge MA, NGS) on liquid biopsies performed for the Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veteran Affairs Medical Center (CMCVAMC) from May 2019 to April 15, 2020 were reviewed. All liquid biopsies were performed on MCRPC with evidence of tumor progression. Statistical data for adequacy, type of mutations either altering therapy, disease course or outcome was noted. Results A total of 23 liquid biopsies were performed. 21/23 (91.3%) biopsies were adequate, 19/21 (90.4%) showed signature mutations for resistance to therapy, predicting prognosis, or suggesting poor outcome with decreased overall survival. 4/21 (19%) showed androgen receptor amplification (ARV7 mutation) that helped in making treatment decisions. Increased frequency of Tp53 mutations were noted (12/21 (57.1%) compared to general population (30- 40%)) indicating worse prognosis/aggressive disease course with decreased survival. Conclusion Combined exposure of herbicide agent orange and smoking may be a fertile soil for observed differences in type and frequency of genomic alterations in veteran patient population with MCRPC. Comprehensive genomic profiling on CtDNA through minimally invasive liquid biopsy is feasible and can be successfully implemented in veterans with multiple co-morbidities. Although ARV7 mutation is much more common in general population, veterans with advanced hormone resistant prostatic carcinoma may benefit from aggressive approach in developing targeted therapy focused on DNA repair genes, especially Tp53.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

The future role of the psychiatrist in Europe – a UEMS perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

SummaryThe author presents his personal opinion inviting to discussion on the possible future role of psychiatrists. His view is based upon the many contacts with psychiatrists all over Europe, academicians and everyday professionals, as well as the familiarity with the literature. The list of papers referred to is based upon (1) the general interest concerning the subject when representing ideas also worded elsewhere, (2) the accessibility to psychiatrists and mental health professionals in Germany, (3) being costless downloadable for non-subscribers and (4) for some geographic aspects (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden) and the latest scientific issues, addressing some authors directly.

John Cranko's Antigone (1959): A Ballet Lost and Found

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Henrietta Bannerman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jean Racine ◽  
World War ◽  
Martha Graham ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Lost And Found ◽  
The Many ◽  
Tragic Drama ◽  
The Relationship

John Cranko's dramatic and theatrically powerful Antigone (1959) disappeared from the ballet repertory in 1966 and this essay calls for a reappraisal and restaging of the work for 21st century audiences. Created in a post-World War II environment, and in the wake of appearances in London by the Martha Graham Company and Jerome Robbins’ Ballets USA, I point to American influences in Cranko's choreography. However, the discussion of the Greek-themed Antigone involves detailed consideration of the relationship between the ballet and the ancient dramas which inspired it, especially as the programme notes accompanying performances emphasised its Sophoclean source but failed to recognise that Cranko mainly based his ballet on an early play by Jean Racine. As Antigone derives from tragic drama, the essay investigates catharsis, one of the many principles that Aristotle delineated in the Poetics. This well-known effect is produced by Greek tragedies but the critics of the era complained about its lack in Cranko's ballet – views which I challenge. There is also an investigation of the role of Antigone, both in the play and in the ballet, and since Cranko created the role for Svetlana Beriosova, I reflect on memories of Beriosova's interpretation supported by more recent viewings of Edmée Wood's 1959 film.

The Many Voices of Lydia Davis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Evans
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Marcel Proust ◽  
Gustave Flaubert ◽  
Maurice Blanchot ◽  
Literary Production ◽  
American Writer ◽  
Michel Leiris ◽  
The Many

The Many Voices of Lydia Davis shows how translation, rewriting and intertextuality are central to the work of Lydia Davis, a major American writer, translator and essayist. Winner of the Man Booker International Prize 2013, Davis writes innovative short stories that question the boundaries of the genre. She is also an important translator of French writers such as Maurice Blanchot, Michel Leiris, Marcel Proust and Gustave Flaubert. Translation and writing go hand-in-hand in Davis’s work. Through a series of readings of Davis’s major translations and her own writing, this book investigates how Davis’s translations and stories relate to each other, finding that they are inextricably interlinked. It explores how Davis uses translation - either as a compositional tool or a plot device - and other instances of rewriting in her stories, demonstrating that translation is central for understanding her prose. Understanding how Davis’s work complicates divisions between translating and other forms of writing highlights the role of translation in literary production, questioning the received perception that translation is less creative than other forms of writing.

Bad Dreams and Secret Artists: Translating Freud into Literature

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Popular Approach ◽  
English Reader ◽  
Creative Writer ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Way

This article addresses the increasingly popular approach to Freud and his work which sees him primarily as a literary writer rather than a psychologist, and takes this as the context for an examination of Joyce Crick's recent translation of The Interpretation of Dreams. It claims that translation lies at the heart of psychoanalysis, and that the many interlocking and overlapping implications of the word need to be granted a greater degree of complexity. Those who argue that Freud is really a creative writer are themselves doing a work of translation, and one which fails to pay sufficiently careful attention to the role of translation in writing itself (including the notion of repression itself as a failure to translate). Lesley Chamberlain's The Secret Artist: A Close Reading of Sigmund Freud is taken as an example of the way Freud gets translated into a novelist or an artist, and her claims for his ‘bizarre poems' are criticized. The rest of the article looks closely at Crick's new translation and its claim to be restoring Freud the stylist, an ordinary language Freud, to the English reader. The experience of reading Crick's translation is compared with that of reading Strachey's, rather to the latter's advantage.

Crucial role of physiotherapy in treating COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 967-971
Author(s):  
Poonam Thakre ◽  
Waqar M. Naqvi ◽  
Trupti Deshmukh ◽  
Nikhil Ingole ◽  
Sourabh Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Front Line ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sixth International

The emergence in China of 2019 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) previously provisionally names 2019-nCoV disease (COVID19) caused major global outbreak and is a major public health problem. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared COVID19 to be the sixth international public health emergency. This present pandemic has engrossed the globe with a high rate of mortality. As a front line practitioner, physiotherapists are expected to be getting in direct contact with patients infected with the virus. That’s why it is necessary for understanding the many aspects of their role in the identification, contains, reduces and treats the symptoms of this disease. The main presentation is the involvement of respiratory system with symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, sneezing and characteristics of pneumonia leads to ARDS(Acute respiratory distress syndrome) also land up in multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. This text describes and suggests physiotherapy management of acute COVID-19 patients. It also includes recommendations and guidelines for physiotherapy planning and management. It also covers the guidelines regarding personal care and equipment used for treatment which can be used in the treatment of acute adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19.

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