scholarly journals Study of the Space Occupied by a Wheelchair User at Metro de Santiago Platforms by Laboratory Experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Joaquin Valdivieso ◽  
Sebastian Seriani
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
High Density ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Wheelchair User ◽  
Human Dynamics ◽  
Waiting Area ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Reduced Mobility

The objective is to study the space a wheelchair passenger would use in the preferential waiting areas of an urban railway platform. For this purpose, an analysis of the variables that interfere in the space occupied by a wheelchair user was carried out at Metro de Santiago platforms, to design a preferential prototype waiting area at the Human Dynamics Laboratory of the Universidad de los Andes (Chile). The prototype has a 3.0 m long and 2.5 m wide carriage, together with a preferential waiting area on the platform of the same length as the carriage, and 2.0 m wide. With this prototype defined, a detection method was developed using PeTrack software, to accurately identify the limits of the space occupied by a wheelchair user under two scenarios of different density levels in the preferential waiting area: medium-density (1.5 passengers/m2) and high-density (4.0 passengers/m2). It was observed that the space occupied by a wheelchair user decreased by 33% as the density increased from medium to high. On the other hand, for a high-density level, the space occupied by a wheelchair user was found to be 61% higher than that occupied by a passenger without reduced mobility. This variation occurred mainly because passengers increased their distance from the wheelchair user, which widened their area of influence. Further experiments are proposed as future research to extend this analysis using other density situations.

High Digital Speed Level-2 Interconnections via a New Microcontact Design

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz R. Pryputniewicz ◽  
Dimitry G. Grabbe ◽  
Ryszard J. Pryputniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Process Optimization ◽  
Electronic Packaging ◽  
High Density ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Speed Level ◽  
Material Utilization ◽  
Level 2

Abstract Requirements for high digital speed, high density, level-2 interconnections have led to development of a new microcontact. Design of this microcontact allows for separable and reusable interconnections. In this paper, we discuss methodology used to develop the microcontact, allowing 100% material utilization, present its design, including analysis and process optimization, and summarize its characteristics as they relate to electronic packaging.

Judgment Based Marketing Decision Models: Problems and Possible Solutions

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipankar Chakravarti ◽  
Andrew Mitchell ◽  
Richard Staelin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Decision Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Marketing Decision ◽  
Recent Laboratory

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the findings of two field studies and three recent laboratory experiments that assessed the efficacy of judgment based models in aiding marketing decision making. This analysis indicates factors that may affect the effectiveness of these models. The implications of the findings for users of judgment based marketing decision models as well as model builders are discussed, and suggestions are made for future research to improve the models’ effectiveness.

scholarly journals Flammability of litter sampled according to two different methods: comparison of results in laboratory experiments

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Ganteaume ◽  
Marielle Jappiot ◽  
Thomas Curt ◽  
Corinne Lampin ◽  
Laurent Borgniet
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
Litter Flammability ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Flammability Parameters ◽  
Density Rate

In the laboratory, different types of litter samples (constructed v. intact) can be used in flammability experiments but the sampling method of these litters could affect litter flammability results. To assess this effect, samples of litters were collected in South-eastern France, according to two different methods previously used in other studies, one keeping intact the structure of the litter layers (non-constructed litter) and the other requiring the construction of the litter, using mainly the surface litter layer (constructed litter). The comparison of flammability results showed that the sampling method had a significant effect on litter bulk-density, rate of spread and rate of consumption, intact litter being more flammable than reconstructed litter that was artificially compacted. The type of vegetation had a significant effect on litter depth, ignitability, sustainability, consumability and combustibility (except on rate of spread) and the litter composition could explain in part this fire behaviour. The effect of the construction of litters on flammability parameters and its magnitude also differed according to vegetation types. Intact litter structure appeared to be an important driver of its flammability, especially of combustibility and consumability. The assessment of these flammability components will differ when using constructed litter samples instead of intact litter samples, especially according to vegetation types. Future research on litter flammability should take into account the bias due to the litter sampling method when the litter is constructed.

New Edge-Shift Detection Method for Write Strategy Optimization in High-Density Optical Disc Recording

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 09MC01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Kurokawa ◽  
Hiroyuki Minemura ◽  
Atsushi Kikukawa ◽  
Koichi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Detection Method ◽  
High Density ◽  
Optical Disc ◽  
Shift Detection

Accessible Low-Floor Bus: System Approach in France

1997 ◽  
Vol 1604 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Maryvonne Dejeammes
Keyword(s):  
System Approach ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Wheelchair User ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Reduced Mobility ◽  
Bus System

Low-floor bus design makes urban buses more accessible to people with reduced mobility. In France, as a result of the knowledge gained from using low-floor tramways, the use of low-floor buses within urban environments was considered. Requirements of people with reduced mobility for easy access and the necessary operating conditions are described, followed by an examination of the requirements for such a system in France: bus/infrastructure interface (access ramp and docking aid), bus stop design, and wheelchair user safety.

scholarly journals Advances in the Application of Aptamer Biosensors to the Detection of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Yunxia Luan ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Xiaojun Guo ◽  
Anxiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Concern ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Animal Medicine

Antibiotic abuse is becoming increasingly serious and the potential for harm to human health and the environment has aroused widespread social concern. Aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGs) are broad-spectrum antibiotics that have been widely used in clinical and animal medicine. Consequently, their residues are commonly found in animal-derived food items and the environment. A simple, rapid, and sensitive detection method for on-site screening and detection of AGs is urgently required. In recent years, with the development of molecular detection technology, nucleic acid aptamers have been successfully used as recognition molecules for the identification and detection of AGs in food and the environment. These aptamers have high affinities, selectivities, and specificities, are inexpensive, and can be produced with small batch-to-batch differences. This paper reviews the applications of aptamers for AG detection in colorimetric, fluorescent, chemiluminescent, surface plasmon resonance, and electrochemical sensors for the analysis in food and environmental samples. This study provides useful references for future research.

An Aid for Improved Information Processing of High Density Computer Generated Visual Displays

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 538-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Regal ◽  
Beverly G. Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Task Type ◽  
High Density ◽  
Full Density ◽  
Independent Experiment ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Visual Displays ◽  
Information Density ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Terrain Features

Technological advances are increasing the availability of displays capable of portraying large amounts of computer generated graphic information. These displays are advantageous when substantial amounts of information have to be integrated as part of a decision making process. Examples of these high density displays include tactical situation maps used by the military and certain CAD/CAM applications. Unfortunately, a problem can arise when using these displays. This occurs when the quantity of information presented becomes great enough to cause a deterioration in the user's ability to effectively process it. The resulting situation is one in which decisions are based on an incomplete use of available data. The present study addresses this problem by evaluating an aid (selective deletion) designed to allow users to deal effectively with greater amounts of information. It is based on the assumption that, while the collective uses of a display may require a large amount of portrayed information, individual tasks often do not. Selective deletion allows users to temporarily remove information that is not necessary for solving the task under consideration. It was hypothesized that the lower display density would improve the speed and accuracy of problem solving. The displays used in the present study were computer generated tactical military maps containing various terrain features and symbols for three different types of military units (Infantry, Artillery and Armor). The display was generated on a high resolution (1024×1024) color CRT. Two variables were manipulated during the experiment: information density and task type. To vary information density the number of unit symbols on a map was varied. Two density levels were used for each of three tasks. The tasks were chosen as representative of simple components of the more complicated tasks performed by the tactical analyst. Each task was run as an independent experiment. The first was a counting task requiring subjects to determine the number of units of a specific type. The second, slightly more complicated task, required subjects to solve problems in which they had to take into account the spatial relationship between unit symbols. In the third task subjects had to recognize and use certain relationships between units and terrain features in solving problems. None of the tasks required the subject to use all three unit types. Thus, the density of information on the screen could be reduced by deleting the symbols for extraneous unit types. In the experimental condition subjects would delete these extraneous units before solving the problems. In the control condition they would work with screens at full density. Subjects served as their own controls, solving problems under both conditions with the order varied across subjects. Both accuracy and speed were measured. Results show: a) The selective deletion technique greatly increases the accuracy and speed with which subjects can deal with high density visual displays. b) The density level at which the technique begins to improve performance varies with type of task. c) All subjects were aided by the technique, but there were individual differences in the density level at which it became most useful. This study has shown the selective deletion technique to be highly useful in improving a subject's ability to process information presented in high density tactical map displays. It is felt that these results will also be useful in the design of other types of computer generated visual displays. Specific examples, provided in the presentation and a follow up paper, indicate the magnitude of the effect as a function of display density and type of task, and should help guide the use of selective deletion in the design of a wide range of displays.

A Glyphosate-Resistant Biotype of Annual Bluegrass in Tennessee

Weed Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Resistance Factor ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Modes Of Action

Glyphosate is regularly used to control annual bluegrass populations in dormant bermudagrass turf. A population of annual bluegrass not controlled by glyphosate at 840 g ha−1(glyphosate resistant, GR) was identified on a golf course in Humboldt, TN in 2010. Mature tillers of GR plants were established in a greenhouse and treated with glyphosate at 0, 210, 420, 840, 1,680, 3,360, and 6,720 g ha−1. Mature tillers of a biotype known to be susceptible to glyphosate (SS) were also established in the greenhouse and subjected to the same treatments. At 14 d after treatment (DAT), glyphosate controlled the SS biotype > 95% at rates > 420 g ha−1. Comparatively, the GR biotype was only controlled 76% with glyphosate at 6,720 g ha−1. The rates required to provide 50% control (I50values) for SS and GR biotypes were 236 and 2,812 g ha−1respectively, resulting in a resistance factor of 12. Photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) values on SS plants treated with glyphosate at > 210 g ha−1measured 0.000 at 14 DAT, whereasFv/Fmvalues on GR plants were not significantly different from the untreated control with glyphosate rates ≤ 840 g ha−1on the same date. In laboratory experiments, the SS biotype accumulated greater shikimate concentrations than the GR biotype 3 to 6 DAT. Future research should evaluate strategies for managing GR and SS annual bluegrass with alternative modes of action.

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