scholarly journals Methanolic Extract of Myrsine africana Leaf Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Albino Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yosef Eshetie Amare
Keyword(s):  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Administration Method

Background. Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading public health problems globally, and its prevalence is increasing in Ethiopia. The current drugs for people with diabetes are costly, less effective, and less safe with a challenging administration method. Thus, globally, the need for alternative herbal antidiabetic medicines is increasing. In the previous studies, antioxidant activities have been seen in crude extracts of M. africana leaves, which is an auspicious sign of antidiabetic property. Accordingly, this study has evaluated the antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activities of methanolic extract of M. africana leaves. Methods. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities of the three doses (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg) of crude methanolic extract of M. africana leaf were studied on normoglycemic, oral glucose-loaded, and alloxan-induced diabetic mice models. The effect of the extract on diabetic dyslipidemia, insulin and glycated hemoglobin levels, carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes, and body weight was also studied in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) was used as a standard drug in all cases. Data analysis was carried out using mixed-design ANOVA. A P value of ≤0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. Results. The methanolic extract of M. africana leaf did not show acute toxicity up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg and showed better glucose utilization in the oral glucose tolerance test. After 14 days of treatment, M. africana leaf extract decreased the blood glucose level, glycated hemoglobin, glucose-6-phosphatase, and fructose-1-6-bisphosphatase in diabetic mice. In contrast, it increased hexokinase and insulin levels in diabetic mice. Moreover, weight loss and dyslipidemia profiles have been corrected significantly in diabetic mice. Conclusion. M. africana leaves showed antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. That suggests M. africana may be a potential treatment option for diabetes in the future. However, further molecular studies are required to analyze the mechanisms.

Therapeutic Role of Methanolic Extract of Ocimum basilicum L. Seeds and its Isolated Compound as Potent Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
Nisha H. Parikh ◽  
Charmy Kothari
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Isolated Compound

Background: Ocimum basilicum seed, commonly also known as Takhmaria in Gujarat. The seed of O. basilicum traditionally used to treat diabetes. This activity is related to the presence of flavonoids, the major compounds of the crude extract. Objective: The present study was planned to examine the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of Ocimum basilicum Linn seed, used as a traditional treatment for diabetes mellitus. Methods: The methanolic extracts of O. basilicum seed (40 mg/kg) and isolated compound apigenin (10 mg/kg) were administered orally for 15 days to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat. Anti diabetic activity, oral glucose tolerance test, change in body weight and lipid profile of diabetics rat treated with methanolic extracts of O. basilicum seed and isolated apigenin were assessed and which was further compared with normal, diabetic control and standard drug-treated rat. Histological examination was carried out on 15 days of treatment. Results: Methanolic extract of O. basilicum seed (40 mg/kg) and apigenin (10 mg/kg) produced a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level (p<0.01) and (p<0.001) respectively in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Significant differences were observed in oral glucose tolerance test, serum lipid parameters and body weight for methanolic extract of O. basilicum and apigenintreated diabetic rat as compared to diabetic, normal and standard drug-treated rat. The outcome of the histological examinations of the pancreas treated with a methanolic extract of O. basilicum and apigenin showed comparable regeneration of the cells, which were earlier necrosed by streptozotocin. Methanolic extract of O. basilicum and isolated compound apigenin exhibit significant antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat. Conclusion: From above findings, it can be concluded that the O. basilicum seed and isolated compound apigenin must be considered as a potential candidate for the treatment of diabetes and lipidlowering activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat.

Effects of Different Methods Used to Take Blood Samples on Blood Glucose Measurements

2021 ◽  
pp. 105477382110247
Author(s):  
Eda Ergin ◽  
Ayten Zaybak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Quasi Experimental

The purpose of this study is to compare whether or not there is a difference between venous and capillary blood samples in blood glucose measurements and investigate the effects of different aseptic methods used in skin cleaning before collecting blood samples on measurement results. This quasi-experimental study was conducted with 109 patients. The capillary first and second blood drop values taken from the patients after fasting and at 2 hours following 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and capillary and venous blood glucose values were compared. There was no significant difference between the median venous blood glucose value and the capillary second blood drop value taken after wiping the finger with alcohol. There was no significant difference between the first and second blood drop values of capillary blood glucose 2 hours after OGTT.

scholarly journals Importance of Intestinal Environment and Cellular Plasticity of Islets in the Development of Postpancreatectomy Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Fukuda ◽  
Ryotaro Bouchi ◽  
Takato Takeuchi ◽  
Kikuko Amo-Shiinoki ◽  
Atsushi Kudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cellular Plasticity ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Design And Methods

<b>OBJECTIVE</b> <p>To elucidate the pathogenesis of post-pancreatectomy diabetes (PPDM).</p> <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</b></p> <p>Forty-eight patients without diabetes undergoing either pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) (n = 20) or distal pancreatectomy (DP) (n = 28) were included. 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed every 6 months. Microbiome composition and short-chain fatty acids in feces were examined before and 6 months after surgery. The association of histological characteristics of the resected pancreas with PPDM were examined.</p> <p><b>RESULTS</b></p> <p>During follow-up (median, 3.19 years), 2 out of 20 PD patients and 16 out of 28 DP patients developed PPDM. Proteobacteria relative abundance, plasma GLP-1, and fecal butyrate levels increased only after PD. Postsurgical butyrate levels were correlated with postsurgical GLP-1 levels. With no significant difference in the volume of the resected pancreas between the surgical procedures, both β-cell and α-cell areas in the resected pancreas were significantly higher in DP patients than in PD patients. In DP patients, the progressors to diabetes showed pre-existing insulin resistance compared with non-progressors, and both increased α- and β-cell areas were predictors of PPDM. Furthermore, in DP patients, α-cell and β-cell areas were associated with ALDH1A3 expression in islets.</p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p> We postulate that a greater removal of β-cells contributes to the development of PPDM after DP. Islet expansion along with pre-existing insulin resistance is associated with high cellular-plasticity, which may predict the development of PPDM after DP. In contrast, PD is associated with alterations of gut microbiome and increases in SCFA production and GLP-1 secretion, possibly protecting against PPDM development.

scholarly journals Factors in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Predicting the Needs for Insulin Therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Zhang ◽  
Jiashen Shao ◽  
Feifei Li ◽  
Xianming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective.To identify factors predicting the need for insulin therapy in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods. A total of 1352 patients with GDM diagnosed by the 75-g/2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were enrolled in this study. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed; receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were also drawn.Results. There was a significant difference in factors such as maternal age, pregestational BMI, first visit SBP, first visit DBP, FBG of first visit, FBG at time of OGTT, 75-g OGTT glucose value (fasting, after 1 h and 2 h), and serum HbA1c level at diagnosis between patients with insulin therapy and patients with medical nutrition therapy (MNT) alone. Multivariate analysis showed that higher FBG at time of OGTT, first 75 g OGTT 2 h plasma glucose, and HbA1c concentration at diagnosis lead to more likely need of insulin therapy.Conclusion. The probability of insulin therapy can be estimated in pregnant women with GDM based on fasting and 2 h glucose values during OGTT and HbA1c value at diagnosis of GDM.

scholarly journals Demographic Associations of Diabetes Status by Both Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration and Glycated Hemoglobin in a Community Survey in Galle District, Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Keddagoda Gamage Piyumi Wasana ◽  
Anoja Priyadarshani Attanayake ◽  
Thilak Priyantha Weerarathna ◽  
Kamani Ayoma Perera Wijewardana Jayatilaka
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Significant Difference

Diagnostic tools used in detecting individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) include fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The present study was aimed to determine the demographic associations of diabetes status by both tests (FPG and HbA1C) in Galle district, Sri Lanka. 147 adults (30–60 years) who are having FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL underwent demographic evaluations and testing for HbA1C. Group 01 (diabetes status diagnosed by both tests) and group 2 (diabetes status diagnosed only by FPG) were compared using independant sample t-test and chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to study the association between the demographic factors and the diabetes status by both tests. Of the 147 study subjects, 38.1% were males, 61.9% were females, and 63.3% had a family history of diabetes among first-degree relatives (FDR). Mean age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), FPG, and HbA1C of the participants were 48.4 ± 7.2 years, 25.1 ± 4.0 kg/m2, 88.8 ± 9.0 cm, 139.4 ± 30.1 mg/dL, and 6.4 ± 0.7%, respectively. The prevalence of diabetes based on both tests was 55.1%. There is a significant difference in mean BMI and WC while no significant differences in mean age between groups 01 and 02. No association was seen between gender and diabetes status (X2(1) = 0.086, p=0.770), while a significant difference was observed between DM among FDR and diabetes status (X2(1) = 33.215, p<0.001). Significance of odds of having diabetes by both tests with rising BMI (OR = 1.97, CI 1.15–3.36, p=0.013) and DM among FDR (OR = 7.95, CI 3.54–17.88, p=0.000) was seen. We conclude rising BMI and having DM among FDR are strongly associated with diabetes status diagnosed by both tests of FPG and HbA1C in community screening.

scholarly journals Effect of Pasteurization on Chemical and Functional Properties of Xoconostle (Opuntia joconostle) Juice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Gómez-Covarrubias ◽  
F. Rivera-Cabrera ◽  
J.I. Mendoza-Gastelum ◽  
V.H. Oidor-Chan ◽  
R.C. Aarland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Background: The xoconostle (Opuntia joconostle Web.) plant is produced mainly in the Central Highlands region of Mexico. The main aim of this research was to determine the effect of pasteurization on chemical and functional properties of xoconostle juice. Methods: Total Soluble Solids (TSS), pH, Titratable Acidity (TA), total phenolic and flavonoid content, betacyanins, betaxanthins, and reducing and non-reducing sugars contents were determined in both unpasteurized and pasteurized xoconostle juices. In vivo assay using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was done in male rats to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic effect of juice. Data were statistically analyzed using SigmaPlot. Results: There was a meaningful increasing (p<0.05) in the pigment contents after the pasteurization process, as betacyanins and betaxanthins contents increased to 0.112 and 0.096 µg/g, respectively. In spite of pasteurized xoconostle, the unpasteurized group showed anti-hyperglycemic effects at 60 min of OGTT. Conclusion: Pasteurization temperature had no adverse effect on the antioxidant activities of xoconostle fruit. Although fresh xoconostle juice revealed considerable anti-hyperglycemic properties in rats, this effect was not found in the pasteurized xoconostle juice.

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