scholarly journals Role of Nanofibers in Encapsulation of the Whole Cell

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sudarshan Sahu ◽  
Avinash Sharma ◽  
Soham Mukherjee ◽  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
Fatih Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Control Release ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Encapsulated Cells ◽  
Liquid Polymer

In the field of biomaterial research, the electrospinning device is now used to manufacture nanofibers that can be used to encapsulate whole microorganisms such as bacterial cells, funguses, viruses, and even spores. The nanofiber encapsulated cells will have greater significance in the coming future because of their wide variety of applications in various fields. Nanofibers act as microorganism reservoir systems that enhance their properties such as viability, controlled release of products, biomedical applications, and bioremediation. The effect of electrostatic forces on a droplet of liquid polymer or polymer solution is based on electrospinning. Electrospun nanofibers act as ideal native extracellular matrices for microorganisms and have also had a tremendous advantage in drug delivery systems where modern research is still underway. During electrospinning, nearly all microorganisms may be inserted into a polymer matrix that forms a composite nanofiber. The evolution in electrospinning technique over the past few decades has become promising. New ideas have been generated to enhance the techniques and improve the overall applications and properties of nanofibers. This technique has been transformed by the advent of the electrospinning machine. The electrospun nanofibers can be chemically characterized by a wide variety of procedures such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Electrospinning has various applications, for example, in wastewater treatment, tissue engineering, food industry, drug delivery, agriculture, and cosmetics. Nanofiber encapsulation of microorganisms increased the shelf life of the microorganisms; the cells remain viable for months. It also helps in the control release of bacterial products. The present review demonstrates the role of nanofiber in the encapsulation of the whole cell.

Polycaprolactone(PCL)/Gelati(Ge)-Based Electrospun Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Application

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lor Huai Chong ◽  
Mim Mim Lim ◽  
Naznin Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Injured Tissue ◽  
Biomaterial Scaffold

Recent development of tissue engineering has been emphasized on tissue regeneration and repairing in order to solve the limitation of organ and tissue transplantation issues. Biomaterial scaffold, which plays an important role in this development, not only provides a promising alternative in order to improve the efficiency of cell transplantation in tissue engineering but also to deliver cells with growth factors and drugs into injured tissue to increase the survival of cell via drug delivery system. In this study, nanofibers were fabricated through blending of a synthetic polymer polycaprolactone (PCL) and a natural polymer Gelatin (Ge) using electrospinning technique. Processing parameters were optimized to determine the most suitable properties of PCL/Ge nanofibers. The surface morphology of PCL/Ge nanofibers were then characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Six samples of nanofibers from different amount of gelatin mixed with 10% PCL (w/v) were successfully fabricated. Experimental results showed that 18kV of high voltage provided more homogenous and less beaded nanofibers. Meanwhile, the 0.8g of Ge in 10% PCL (w/v) was set as the maximum concentration while 0.2g of Ge in 10% PCL (w/v) was set as the minimum concentration to reduce the bead formation.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Stable and Binder-Free Electrodes of TiO2Nanofibers for Li-Ion Batteries

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phontip Tammawat ◽  
Nonglak Meethong
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Binder Free

An electrospinning technique was used to fabricate TiO2nanofibers for use as binder-free electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. The as-electrospun nanofibers were calcined at 400–1,000°C and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). SEM and TEM images showed that the fibers have an average diameter of ~100 nm and are composed of nanocrystallites and grains, which grow in size as the calcination temperature increases. The electrochemical properties of the nanofibers were evaluated using galvanostatic cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The TiO2nanofibers calcined at 400°C showed higher electronic conductivity, higher discharge capacity, and better cycling performance than the nanofibers calcined at 600, 800, and 1,000°C. The TiO2nanofibers calcined at 400°C delivered an initial reversible capacity of 325 mAh·g−1approaching their theoretical value at 0.1 C rate and over 175 mAh·g−1at 0.3 C rate with limited capacity fading and Coulombic efficiency between 96 and 100%.

Electrosprayed nanoparticles and electrospun nanofibers based on natural materials: applications in tissue regeneration, drug delivery and pharmaceuticals

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 790-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhakrishnan Sridhar ◽  
Rajamani Lakshminarayanan ◽  
Kalaipriya Madhaiyan ◽  
Veluchamy Amutha Barathi ◽  
Keith Hsiu Chin Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Natural Materials

The role of electrospun and electrosprayed natural polymers or drug ingredients for pharmaceutical and tissue engineering applications is presented in this review.

Effect of alkyl derivatization of gellan gum during the fabrication of electrospun membranes

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372110075
Author(s):  
Fabio Salvatore Palumbo ◽  
Salvatore Federico ◽  
Giovanna Pitarresi ◽  
Calogero Fiorica ◽  
Roberto Scaffaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Gellan Gum ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Chemical Derivatives ◽  
Alkyl Derivatives ◽  
Electrospun Membranes ◽  
Derivatives Of

Electrospun nanofibers based on polysaccharides represent a consolidated approach in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM) and nanomedicine as a drug delivery system (DDS). In this work, two chemical derivatives of a low molecular weight gellan gum (96.7 kDa) with aliphatic pendant tails were processed by electrospinning technique into non-woven nanofibrous mats. In order to generate spinnable blends, it was necessary to associate poly vinyl alcohol (PVA). The relationships between the physicochemical properties and the processability via electrospinning technique of gellan gum alkyl derivatives (GG-C8 and GG-C12 having a degree of alkyl chain derivatization of 17 mol % and 18 mol %, respectively) were investigated. The deposition of nanometric fibers (212.4 nm ± 60.0) was achieved by using the blend GG-C8/PVA spinned at 5% w/v in water. The use of a binary solvent composed of water and ethanol in a volumetric ratio 95:5 improved further spinnability obtaining similar nanofiber diameters (218.0 nm ± 96.0). The rheological analysis has allowed to highlight the role of the alkyl portion (C8 and C12) on the spinnability of the blended polymers.

Effect of LiCl and non-ionic surfactant on morphology of polystyrene electrospun nanofibers

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delaram Fallahi ◽  
Mehdi Rafizadeh ◽  
Naser Mohammadi ◽  
Behrooz Vahidi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Solution Surface ◽  
Solution Conductivity ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractPolystyrene fibers were produced by the electrospinning technique. The effects of solution conductivity, surface tension and concentration on morphology and average diameter of electrospun fibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Solutions of 12, 10, 8, 6% (w/v) polystyrene in dimethylformamide were prepared. Lithium Chloride and a non-ionic surfactant were used to change the conductivity and surface tension of the solutions, respectively. The results indicate that increasing the solution conductivity eliminates the bead formation and increases the fiber diameters. By addition of salt, fine and consistent fibers could be produced from electrospinning of 8% (w/v) PS/DMF solution. Adding 0.1% surfactant reduces the solution surface tension and results in smaller beads and higher fiber diameters. By increasing the amount of surfactant to 0.3%, big beads and thinner fibers are produced.

scholarly journals The Role of Transmission Electron Microscopy in the Early Development of Mesoporous Materials for Tissue Regeneration and Drug Delivery Applications

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2200
Author(s):  
María Luisa Ruiz-González ◽  
Almudena Torres-Pardo ◽  
José M. González-Calbet
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mesoporous Materials ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Excellent Starting Point ◽  
Starting Point

For the last 20 years, silica-based mesoporous materials have provided a sound platform for the development of biomedical technology applied to tissue engineering and drug delivery. Their unique structural and textural characteristics, chiefly, the ordered distribution of homogeneous and tunable pores with high surface areas and large pore volume, and their excellent biocompatibility provide an excellent starting point for bone tissue regeneration on the mesoporous surface, and also to load species of interest inside the pores. Adequate control of the synthesis conditions and functionalization of the mesoporous surface are critical factors in the design of new systems that are suitable for use in specific medical applications. Simultaneously, the use of appropriate characterization techniques in the several stages of design and manufacture of mesoporous particles allows us to ascertain the textural, structural and compositional modifications induced during the synthesis, functionalization and post-in vitro assays processes. In this scenario, the present paper shows, through several examples, the role of transmission electron microscopy and associated spectroscopic techniques in the search for useful information in the early design stages of mesoporous systems, with application in the fields of tissue regeneration and drug delivery systems.

Preparation of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Polyoxalate Composite Nanofibers by Electrospinning and Drug Release Profiles

2014 ◽  
Vol 894 ◽  
pp. 369-373
Author(s):  
Nutthakritta Phromviyo ◽  
Ekaphan Swatsitang ◽  
Apiwat Chompoosor
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Control Release ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Electrospinning Technique

This study investigated the use of a biodegradable polyoxalate blended with poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibers to tailor properties of nanofibers and to control release of Rhodamine B from nanofibers. Nanofibers were prepared using an electrospinning technique. The morphology and average diameter of electrospun nanofibers were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that poly (vinyl alcohol) to polyoxalate ratio had a significant effect on the size of nanofibers (~175-403 nm). An in vitro release study showed that rate of Rhodamine B release increased with increasing poly (vinyl alcohol)/polyoxalate ratios yielding rate of release in the range of 0.1980.469 mg%/min. The mechanism of rhodamine B release can be explained by a two-stage process of diffusion and degradation. The results suggested that a water-insoluble polyoxalate could govern the rate of drug release. The ability to tune the release of chemicals from nanofibers has significant implications for controlled release of drugs.

Electron Microscopy of Metal-Matrix Composites

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 404-405
Author(s):  
A. Lawley ◽  
M. R. Pinnel ◽  
A. Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Metal Matrix Composites ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
Fracture Characteristics ◽  
Broad Program

As part of a broad program on composite materials, the role of the interface on the micromechanics of deformation of metal-matrix composites is being studied. The approach is to correlate elastic behavior, micro and macroyielding, flow, and fracture behavior with associated structural detail (dislocation substructure, fracture characteristics) and stress-state. This provides an understanding of the mode of deformation from an atomistic viewpoint; a critical evaluation can then be made of existing models of composite behavior based on continuum mechanics. This paper covers the electron microscopy (transmission, fractography, scanning microscopy) of two distinct forms of composite material: conventional fiber-reinforced (aluminum-stainless steel) and directionally solidified eutectic alloys (aluminum-copper). In the former, the interface is in the form of a compound and/or solid solution whereas in directionally solidified alloys, the interface consists of a precise crystallographic boundary between the two constituents of the eutectic.

Site of Lysosome Production During Hepatic Injury

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
Nalin J. Unakar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Close Approximation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Toxic Injury

The increased number of lysosomes as well as the close approximation of lysosomes to the Golgi apparatus in tissue under variety of experimental conditions is commonly observed. These observations suggest Golgi involvement in lysosomal production. The role of the Golgi apparatus in the production of lysosomes in mouse liver was studied by electron microscopy of liver following toxic injury by CCI4.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

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