scholarly journals A Novel “回” Pane Structure Multiband Microstrip Antenna for 2G/3G/4G/5G/WLAN/Navigation Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Zhen Yu ◽  
Ziheng Lin ◽  
Xiaoying Ran ◽  
Yao Li ◽  
Bing Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Relative Dielectric Constant ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
5G Technologies ◽  
Good Agreement

This work proposes a novel multiband slotted planar antenna with a “回” structure, which is similar to an ancient Chinese window grille structure. The antenna is suitable for wireless applications, including the second-generation (2G), third-generation (3G), fourth-generation (4G), and fifth-generation (5G) technologies, as well as WLAN and navigation applications. The proposed antenna is based on the structural characteristics of a conventional monopole antenna, which combines the advantages of a slit structure and microstrip line structure for feeding. It adopts a circular patch with a slit structure placed in it, which is similar to the Chinese classical pane structure. This structure enables an effective reduction of the size of the antenna. The four-sided “回” gaps change the path of current flow and are coupled to each other, improving the impedance matching and radiation characteristics of the entire target frequency band. The antenna covers the frequency ranges of 1.58–1.77 GHz (12%), 2.1–2.50 GHz (17%), 3.61–4.09 GHz (12%), and 4.75–6.5 GHz (36%), permitting more than 10 wireless applications in these 4 frequency bands. This antenna uses an FR-4 dielectric material; the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric plate is 4.4, and the actual dimensions of the antenna are 85 × 70 × 1.6 mm³. The test and simulation results are in good agreement with each other, thus confirming that the proposed design method meets the requirements of various wireless applications.

scholarly journals A Novel Dual-Band “C+O” Structure Antenna

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tangyao Xie ◽  
Jianguo Yu ◽  
Ziheng Lin ◽  
Yao Li ◽  
Guodong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Coplanar Waveguide ◽  
Relative Dielectric Constant ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Quarter Wavelength

This article proposes a novel multiband antenna with “C + O” structure, which uses two classic circular letters and combines them. The antenna is suitable for wireless applications such as second generation (2G), third generation (3G), fourth generation (4G), WLAN, and Bluetooth. The antenna is based on the structural characteristics of the classic monopole antenna. It is a vertical quarter-wavelength antenna. The radiator of the antenna is mainly composed of letters, and the radiator is symmetrical along the feeder line. The antenna radiator is composed of “C + O” structure. The antenna uses a coplanar waveguide feeding method. After actual testing, the antenna covers two frequency bands: 1.82–2.66 GHz and 3.46–3.72 GHz. The center frequency points are 2.06 GHz and 3.68 GHz. The antenna uses FR-4 dielectric material, the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric plate is 4.4, and the actual size of the antenna is 15 × 15 × 1.6 mm³. The test and simulation have good consistency, which verifies that the proposed antenna meets the requirements of various wireless applications.

scholarly journals A Novel Dual-Band Binary Branch Fractal Bionic Antenna for Mobile Terminals

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Ran ◽  
Zhen Yu ◽  
Tangyao Xie ◽  
Yao Li ◽  
Xiuxia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Fractal Structure ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Resonant Coupling ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Bionic Structure ◽  
Good Agreement

A novel two-iteration binary tree fractal bionic structure antenna is proposed for the third generation (3G), fourth generation (4G), WLAN, and Bluetooth wireless applications in the paper, which is based on the principles of conventional microstrip monopole antenna and resonant coupling technique, combined with the advantages of fractal geometry. A new fractal structure was presented for antenna radiator, similar to the tree in nature. The proposed antenna adapted two iterations on a fractal structure radiator, which covers mobile applications in two broad frequency bands with a bandwidth of 44.2% (1.85–2.9 GHz) for TD-SCDMA, WCDMA, CDMA2000, LTE33-41, and Bluetooth frequency bands, and 11.5% (4.9–5.5 GHz) for WLAN frequency band. The proposed antenna was fabricated on a G10/FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a size of 50 × 40 mm2. The good agreement between the measurement results and the simulation results validate that the proposed design approach meet the requirements for various wireless applications.

scholarly journals A wearable UHF RFID tag antenna-based metamaterial for biomedical applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 676-684
Author(s):  
Abdelhadi Ennajih ◽  
Badr Nasiri ◽  
Jamal Zbitou ◽  
Ahmed Errkik ◽  
Mohamed Latrach
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Relative Dielectric Constant ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Miniature Antennas ◽  
Miniature Antenna ◽  
Reading Distance ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Made In

The development of miniature antennas for bio-medical applications has attracted the attention of many researchers in the last years. In this letter, we provide a miniature antenna for the RFID tag for identifying patients in African and European hospitals. The proposed antenna is designed on a flexible silicon substrate with a relative dielectric constant of 11.9 and a thickness of 1.6mm. An in-depth study of the proposed wearable antenna was made in free space and on human tissue. The achieved results showed good performance in terms of miniaturization, bandwidth, impedance matching and, reading distance. The presented tag antenna is designed and simulated by using CST-MWS solver and the results were validated by HFSS and both results are in good agreement.

scholarly journals Structural Characterization of the Millennial Antibacterial (Fluoro)Quinolones—Shaping the Fifth Generation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1289
Author(s):  
Aura Rusu ◽  
Ioana-Andreea Lungu ◽  
Octavia-Laura Moldovan ◽  
Corneliu Tanase ◽  
Gabriel Hancu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Activity Spectrum ◽  
New Generation ◽  
New Compounds

The evolution of the class of antibacterial quinolones includes the introduction in therapy of highly successful compounds. Although many representatives were withdrawn due to severe adverse reactions, a few representatives have proven their therapeutical value over time. The classification of antibacterial quinolones into generations is a valuable tool for physicians, pharmacists, and researchers. In addition, the transition from one generation to another has brought new representatives with improved properties. In the last two decades, several representatives of antibacterial quinolones received approval for therapy. This review sets out to chronologically outline the group of approved antibacterial quinolones since 2000. Special attention is given to eight representatives: besifloxacin, delafoxacin, finafloxacin, lascufloxacin, nadifloxacin and levonadifloxacin, nemonoxacin, and zabofloxacin. These compounds have been characterized regarding physicochemical properties, formulations, antibacterial activity spectrum and advantageous structural characteristics related to antibacterial efficiency. At present these new compounds (with the exception of nadifloxacin) are reported differently, most often in the fourth generation and less frequently in a new generation (the fifth). Although these new compounds’ mechanism does not contain essential new elements, the question of shaping a new generation (the fifth) arises, based on higher potency and broad spectrum of activity, including resistant bacterial strains. The functional groups that ensured the biological activity, good pharmacokinetic properties and a safety profile were highlighted. In addition, these new representatives have a low risk of determining bacterial resistance. Several positive aspects are added to the fourth fluoroquinolones generation, characteristics that can be the basis of the fifth generation. Antibacterial quinolones class continues to acquire new compounds with antibacterial potential, among other effects. Numerous derivatives, hybrids or conjugates are currently in various stages of research.

Hexagonal Nested Loop Fractal Antenna for Quad Band Wireless Applications

Frequenz ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Robert Mark ◽  
Nipun Mishra ◽  
Kaushik Mandal ◽  
Partha Pratim Sarkar ◽  
Soma Das
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Fractal Antenna ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Resonant Modes ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Nested Loop ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract A compact hexagonal nested loop fractal antenna with L shaped slot on the ground plane is presented for multiband applications. In this paper, the effect of fractal iterations and position of L-slot on ground plane are optimized for better performance of the antenna. Multiple hexagon loops excite multiple resonant modes at 1.7, 2.4, 3.1, 4.5 and 6 GHz and an L-shaped slot on the ground plane helps to achieve wide bandwidth response with better impedance matching in the 4.25–6.41 GHz frequency band. An equivalent circuit of the proposed antenna is modelled and the same is verified using ADS. Reflection coefficient and radiation pattern are presented to further confirm the performance of the proposed design for wireless applications. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a low-cost FR4 substrate of dimensions 40×32×1.6 mm3 and measured results show good agreement with simulation results.

scholarly journals 5G Coupler Design for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Application

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Dyg Norkhairunnisa Abang Zaidel ◽  
Norhudah Seman ◽  
Mohd Ridhuan Mohd Sharip ◽  
Dyg Azra Awang Mat ◽  
Nur Alia Athirah Mohtadzar
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Coefficient ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
5G Technologies ◽  
Simulation Results

Aiming to achieve 3-dB coupling, operating in fifth generation (5G) technologies, this paper introduces a new design of tight coupling coupler that will be operated in 5G technologies. Two stubs and two slots have been implemented into the 3-dB coupler design in order to achieve impedance matching between the ports and to give better coupling performances, respectively. Moreover, a study on the stubs’ and slots’ effects towards the S31 of the 3-dB coupler has also been presented in this paper. The proposed coupler is designed on Rogers RO4003C substrate. The simulation results and the analytical study on the stubs and slots implementation show that both stubs and slots affect the performance of the coupling coefficient.

scholarly journals An Area-efficient Microstrip Diplexer with a Novel Structure and Low Group Delay for Microwave Wireless Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Salah I. Yahya ◽  
Abbas Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Group Delay ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Lc Circuit ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Group Delays ◽  
Insertion Losses ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Good Agreement

In this work, a novel structure of a microstrip diplexer consisting of coupled patch cells is presented. It works at 2.5 GHz and 4.7 GHz for wireless applications. The proposed structure is well miniaturized with a compact area of 0.015 λg2, fabricated on 0.787 mm substrate height. It has two wide fractional bandwidths (FBWs) of 28% and 17.9% at the lower and upper channels, respectively. Another feature of the proposed design is the low group delays, which are better than 0.4 ns for both channels. Moreover, the designed diplexer can suppress the harmonics up to 10 GHz. Meanwhile, the insertion losses at both channels are low. The design method is based on proposing an approximated equivalent LC circuit of a novel basic resonator. The information about the resonator behavior is extracted from the even and odd modes analysis of the proposed equivalent LC circuit. Finally, our introduced diplexer is fabricated and measured to verify the simulation results, where the simulated and measured results are in good agreement.

Dual-Mode Filter with High Design Flexibility Using Short-Loaded Resonator

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Zhaojun Zhu ◽  
Ke Yang ◽  
Xiufeng Ren ◽  
Lu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Relative Dielectric Constant ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
High Frequency Structure Simulator ◽  
Design Flexibility ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Good Agreement

This work presents a series of independent bandpass filters (BPFs) based on dual-mode resonators (DMRs) with short stub-loaded. BPFs conform to the 802.11n protocol and include three passbands with center frequencies and bandwidths of 2.46 GHz, 3.55 GHz and 5.22 GHz, 130 MHz, 130 MHz and 470 MHz. Insertion loss and reflection loss are 1.5 dB, 1.6 dB and 1.3 dB, 18 dB, 20 dB, 30 dB. The filters are useful in the WLAN/WIMAX applications with compact size. According to the current distributions along the resonator, the feed-lines with high design flexibility arms were introduced in order to supply the needed external coupling for the dual-/tri passbands simultaneously, and achieve good impedance matching in each passband. Finally, by the version 15 of High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), three BPFs with single, dual and triple passbands were designed on the Rogers 5880 substrate with the relative dielectric constant Ɛr = 2.2, substrate loss tanδ = 0.002, and the thickness h = 0.508 mm. The BPFs are measured by Agilent 85058E Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The measured results have good agreement with the simulated ones.

The SUSPECT SYMPTOMS OF INBREEDING DEPRESSION AND THE HOMOZYGOSITY LEVEL OF FOURTH GENERATION OF SP450T AND FIFTH GENERATION OF DURA DELI OIL PALM SELFING POPULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Rokhana Faizah ◽  
Sri Wening ◽  
Hernawan Yuli Rahmadi ◽  
Abdul Razak Purba
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Simple Sequence

Inbreeding is a common method used to reproduce candidate mother plant from selected parental lines for commercial seeds in Reciprocal Recurrent Selection (RRS) oil palm breeding program. However this practice may increased homozigosity level of selected population. This study concerned the level of homozygosity of SP540T fourth generations and Dura Deli Dolok Sinumbah fifth generations (3 crosses respectively) and their correlation with inbreeding depression symptoms. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Simple Sequence Repeat (PCR-SSR) with 16 markers developed for oil palm was used to analyze 327 samples. The result shows that the levels of homozigosity of SP540T fourth selfing generation were ranged between 0.44-0.84 or 0.61 in average. While the levels of homozygosity of Dura Deli fifth selfing generations were ranged between 0.60-0.93 or 0.78 in average. The homozygosity level in Dura Deli was 1.27% higher than SP540T populations. Correlation analysis showed that the higher the level of homozygosity, the higher of the inbreeding symptoms 2 observed (R =0.95).

scholarly journals A balanced-to-balanced directional coupler based on branch-slotline coupled structure

Frequenz ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 427-433
Author(s):  
Yaxin Liu ◽  
Feng Wei ◽  
Xiaowei Shi ◽  
Cao Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Directional Coupler ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Differential Mode ◽  
Arbitrary Power ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Transition Structures ◽  
Coupled Structures ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractIn this paper, a balanced-to-balanced (BTB) branch-slotline directional coupler (DC) is firstly presented, which can realize an arbitrary power division ratios (PDRs). The coupler is composed by microstrip-to-slotline (MS) transition structures and branch-slotline coupled structures. The single-ended to balanced-ended conversion is simplified and easy to implemented by the MS transition structures, which intrinsically leads to the differential-mode (DM) transmission and common-mode (CM) suppression. Moreover, the different PDRs which are controlled by the widths of branch-slotlines can be achieved. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed design method, two prototype circuits of the proposed coupler with different PDRs are fabricated and measured. The return loss and the isolation of two designs are all better than 10 dB. Moreover, the CM suppressions are greater than 35 dB. A good agreement between the simulation and measurement results is observed.

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