scholarly journals EER-RL: Energy-Efficient Routing Based on Reinforcement Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Vially Kazadi Mutombo ◽  
Seungyeon Lee ◽  
Jusuk Lee ◽  
Jiman Hong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Learning Reinforcement ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Wireless sensor devices are the backbone of the Internet of things (IoT), enabling real-world objects and human beings to be connected to the Internet and interact with each other to improve citizens’ living conditions. However, IoT devices are memory and power-constrained and do not allow high computational applications, whereas the routing task is what makes an object to be part of an IoT network despite of being a high power-consuming task. Therefore, energy efficiency is a crucial factor to consider when designing a routing protocol for IoT wireless networks. In this paper, we propose EER-RL, an energy-efficient routing protocol based on reinforcement learning. Reinforcement learning (RL) allows devices to adapt to network changes, such as mobility and energy level, and improve routing decisions. The performance of the proposed protocol is compared with other existing energy-efficient routing protocols, and the results show that the proposed protocol performs better in terms of energy efficiency and network lifetime and scalability.

scholarly journals A Survey on Enhanced Energy Efficient Routing Protocol of WSN for Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 1499-1508
Author(s):  
Bhukya Suresh ◽  
◽  
G Shyama Chandra Prasad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Routing Algorithms ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a resource-constrained network class recognized as a major energy consumer. Wireless sensor technologies are used in many commercialized industrial automation processes and other real-world applications. The WSN protocol is well-suited to harsh situations where deployment is difficult or impossible, such as the battlefield, a toxic chemical plant, the cloud, fog computing, and the Internet of Things, but not in a high-temperature network infrastructure environment. WSNs have introduced various Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols based on network (NW) organization and protocols in recent years. Various WSN routing options for energy efficiency are explored in this work. The WSN Energy Efficient Routing Protocol is compared to other routing systems. We also compare and investigate better WSN routing algorithms for cloud computing, fog computing, and the Internet of Things.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency in Short and Wide-Area IoT Technologies—A Survey

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Eljona Zanaj ◽  
Giuseppe Caso ◽  
Luca De Nardis ◽  
Alireza Mohammadpour ◽  
Özgü Alay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the last years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a key application context in the design and evolution of technologies in the transition toward a 5G ecosystem. More and more IoT technologies have entered the market and represent important enablers in the deployment of networks of interconnected devices. As network and spatial device densities grow, energy efficiency and consumption are becoming an important aspect in analyzing the performance and suitability of different technologies. In this framework, this survey presents an extensive review of IoT technologies, including both Low-Power Short-Area Networks (LPSANs) and Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs), from the perspective of energy efficiency and power consumption. Existing consumption models and energy efficiency mechanisms are categorized, analyzed and discussed, in order to highlight the main trends proposed in literature and standards toward achieving energy-efficient IoT networks. Current limitations and open challenges are also discussed, aiming at highlighting new possible research directions.

A Location Based Energy Proficient Path Routing for Internet of Things and Its Applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Arulanantham D ◽  
Pradeepkumar G ◽  
Palanisamy C ◽  
Dineshkumar Ponnusamy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an establishment with sensors, base station, gateway, and network servers. IoT is an efficient and intellectual system that minimizes human exertion as well as right to use to real devices. This method also has an autonomous control property by which any device can control without any human collaboration. IoT-based automation has become very reasonable and it has been applied in several sectors such as manufacturing, transport, health care, consumer electronics, etc. In WSN’s smaller energy consumption sensors are expected to run independently for long phases. So much ongoing researches on implementing routing protocols for IoTbased WSNs.Energy consciousness is an essential part of IoT based WSN design issue. Minimalizing Energy consumption is well-thought-out as one of the key principles in the Expansion of routing protocols for the Internet of things. In this paper, we propose a Location based Energy efficient path routing for Internet of things and its applications its sensor position and clustering based finding the shortest path and real time implementation of Arduino based wireless sensor network architecture with the ESP8266 module. Finally, analyze the principles of Location-based energy-efficient routing and performance of QoS parameters, and then implemented automatic gas leakage detection and managing system.

F-MEEP: Fuzzy Logic Based Multihop Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for HWSN

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (14) ◽  
pp. 7406-7415
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Muhammad S. Nisar ◽  
Hongbo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Inference System

Energy preservation is one of the most important research challenges in Wireless Senor Networks (WSNs). In recent research, topologies and architectures have investigated that allow energy efficiency in WSNs. Clustering is one of the most famous energy efficient techniques. In clustering, the selection of cluster head (CH) and short distance multi-hop energy efficient communication between CH and base station (BS) plays a vital role in order to achieve the desired energy efficiency in the sensor network. In this energy saving solution, we purpose and combine the idea of fuzzy logic based CH selection and multihop short distance communication between CH and base station in order to prolong the stable period and life span of network. Our proposed routing protocol, Fuzzy Logic based Multihop Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (FMEEP) for Heterogeneous WSN, which uses fuzzy logic inference system (FIS) in order to select a qualified CH in the cluster formation process and minimizes the overall energy dissipation in the sensor network. The simulation results have shown that purposed routing scheme outperforms in terms of stability period and network lifetime as compared to previous routing protocols. 

scholarly journals Enhancing Energy Efficiency of Wireless Sensor Network through the Design of Energy Efficient Routing Protocol

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Zaman ◽  
Low Tang Jung ◽  
Muhammad Mehboob Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cross Layer Design ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Overall Performance

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is known to be a highly resource constrained class of network where energy consumption is one of the prime concerns. In this research, a cross layer design methodology was adopted to design an energy efficient routing protocol entitled “Position Responsive Routing Protocol” (PRRP). PRRP is designed to minimize energy consumed in each node by (1) reducing the amount of time in which a sensor node is in an idle listening state and (2) reducing the average communication distance over the network. The performance of the proposed PRRP was critically evaluated in the context of network lifetime, throughput, and energy consumption of the network per individual basis and per data packet basis. The research results were analyzed and benchmarked against the well-known LEACH and CELRP protocols. The outcomes show a significant improvement in the WSN in terms of energy efficiency and the overall performance of WSN.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Heterogenous WSN for application in IoT

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 730-735
Author(s):  
T M. Behera ◽  
S K Mohapatra ◽  
O P Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Selection Of

Extending the Internet to connect any physical device with smart technology can be called as the Internet of Things (IoT).It is a proposed development of the Internet in which everything can be connected to the internet enabling them to send and receive data. Selection of energy efficient routing protocols has become an essential step in designing any IoT network. Moreover, the protocol should also be selected to enhance the lifetime of the network. In this article, we evaluate the performance analysis of DEEC (Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering), DDEEC (Developed DEEC), EDEEC (Enhanced DEEC) and TDEEC (Threshold DEEC) for the application in IoT. From MATLAB simulation, it was observed that TDEEC outperforms other routing protocols and is well suited for IoT application.

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