scholarly journals Effect of Azadirachta indica and Senna siamea Decoction on CD4+ and CD8+ Level, Toxicological, and Antioxidant Profile in HIV/AIDS Positive Persons

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Oumarou Goni Hamadama ◽  
Mbah Ntepe Leonel Javeres ◽  
Nyunaï Nyemb ◽  
Medou Mba Fabrice ◽  
Pettang Tomen Manuela Elsa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Senna Siamea ◽  
Black Africa ◽  
Group 2

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a major public health problem affecting several countries with predominance in black Africa. Faced with therapeutic failure caused by resistance and supply disruptions, searching for other antiretroviral agents, in particular from natural sources, becomes necessary. Given popular consumption of Azadirachta indica and Senna siamea decoction in the Northern Cameroon region and the traditionally attributed antiretroviral value, information on its efficacy and safety consumption is relevant to confirm its use. A total of 297 participants aged 18–52 and HIV-positive were recruited and divided into 3 groups: one taking only the decoction (group 1), another taking only antiretroviral therapy (ARTs) (group 2), and finally, one taking the decoction and antiretroviral (group 3). During 6 months, all the participants of the concerned groups consumed daily (morning and evening) 250 mL of Azadirachta indica and Senna siamea decoction. CD4+ and CD8+ levels were measured by flow cytometry. Hepatic and renal toxicity and oxidative stress were evaluated spectrophotometrically by measuring ALT, AST, ALP, BUN, CREAT, SOD, CAT, and GSH parameters. We note an increase in the CD4+ level of the three groups with values much more pronounced in the group treated by ARTs + decoction, from 328 ± 106 to 752 ± 140. Group 2 presented not only biological signs of hepatic and renal toxicity but also significant oxidative stress. No signs of toxicity were detected in the other groups. The study concludes that a decoction of Azadirachta indica and Senna siamea stimulates the production of CD4+ and is not toxic. On the contrary, it would reduce the toxicity caused by ARTs intake.

scholarly journals A trend analysis of people living with human immunodeficiency virus attending an anti-retroviral therapy centre in urban Bangalore

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 5279
Author(s):  
Ramesh Masthi N. R. ◽  
Divya Bharathi G. ◽  
Pruthvi S.
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency

Background: HIV infection in India is a major public health problem. The anti-retroviral therapy (ART) centre is the backbone of the national acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) control program (NACO). To assess the trend of new people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) registered at an ART centre in Bangalore and their treatment status.Methods: All the PLHIV registered at an ART centre from 1st January, 2009 to 31st December, 2018 were included in the study. PLHIV registered but not initiated on treatment, were excluded.Results: Out of 4428 PLHIV registered at an ART centre, 2964 were initiated on treatment. The youngest PLHIV registered was 6 years, oldest was 79 years and the decadal median age was 38 years. Majority (41.4%) were in the age group of 31 to 40 years. Predominant gender was male. A declining trend of new PLHIV, LFU/stopped/missed cases over the past decade was observed. The 1658 are alive, 402 died, 305 cases either missed, stopped or lost to follow up, 32 cases were opted out of the treatment and 567 cases were transferred out.Conclusions: A decline in number of new PLHIV, LFU, missed and stopped over the decade was observed.

Neuropsychiatric Complications of AIDS: A Literature Review

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Detmer ◽  
Francis G. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Complications ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Psychiatric Complications

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has become a major public health problem with over 12,000 cases and 6,000 deaths reported to date. Although there has been an explosion of knowledge in the virology, immunology and pathology of AIDS, relatively little has been written on the neuropsychiatric aspects. This report reviews the existing literature on the neuropsychiatric complications of AIDS. As many as 40 percent of patients with AIDS have neurologic complications at some point in their illness. These complications include either focal deficits attributable to opportunistic organisms infecting the CNS or diffuse encephalopathy caused by viral infection or lymphoma infiltration. Psychiatric complications include major depression, adjustment disorder with depressed mood, and organic brain syndrome with affective, delusional or demented features. Inpatient and consulting psychiatrists must be alert to these complications of AIDS so as to make accurate diagnoses and deliver appropriate therapy. Further studies, integrating both psychiatric and neurologic perspectives, are needed to better elucidate the neuropsychiatric complications of AIDS and help plan appropriate therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Role of Oxidative Stress as a Marker of Cardiovascular Risk in Children on Regular Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 416-421
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abrar ◽  
Mazhar Nadeem ◽  
Sunila Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Dialysis Session ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Regular Hemodialysis

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide, and its main consequences include loss of renal function leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), significant increase in morbidity and mortality, and a decrease in health-related quality of life. Aims and Objectives: The basic aim of the study is to analyze the oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk in those children who are on regular hemodialysis. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at DHQ hospital, Faisalabad during July 2020 to January 2021. The data were collected from the age of less than 18 years children of both sexes. There were 50 children who was selected for this study. At the time of the study, all the patients were on regular three HD sessions per week. In HD patients, venous blood samples were drawn immediately before and after hemodialysis session. Baseline laboratory investigations were carried out for all patients and controls including complete blood count, serum urea and creatinine, arterial pH, arterial blood gases and infection screening, which included blood and urinary cultures by standard methods.  Results: The data were collected from 50 dialysis patients. The mean age of this study is 15years. We collected all the demographic data of patients. The mean value of Urea is 64.34±2.44 mg/dl). At before-dialysis session, duration of disease positively correlated with TPX (r = 0.969, P <0.001), but, negatively correlated with TAC (r = −0.469, P <0.002). At after-dialysis session, HIF-1α negatively correlated with each of TPX (r = −0.529, P <0.001) and OSI (r = −0.459, P <0.003); while, OSI positively correlated with TPX (r = 0.944, P <0.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that HD patients, the clinical and prognostic significance of oxidative status associated with cardiovascular risk factors is very different from the general population. Although a direct causality cannot be inferred from such kind of correlative investigations.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Aqueous Crude Extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaves onPlasmodium berghei-Induced Renal Damage in Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Voravuth Somsak ◽  
Sukanya Chachiyo ◽  
Ubonwan Jaihan ◽  
Somrudee Nakinchat
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

Malaria is a major public health problem in the world because it can cause of death in patients. Malaria-associated renal injury is associated with 45% of mortality in adult patients hospitalized with severe form of the disease. Therefore, new plant extracts to protect against renal injury induced by malaria infection are urgently needed. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of aqueous crude extract ofAzadirachta indica(neem) leaves on renal injury induced byPlasmodium bergheiANKA infection in mice. ICR mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1 × 107parasitized erythrocytes of PbANKA, and neem extracts (500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg) were given orally for 4 consecutive days. Plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were subsequently measured. Malaria-induced renal injury was evidenced as marked increases of BUN and creatinine levels. However, the oral administration of neem leaf extract to PbANKA infected mice for 4 days brought back BUN and creatinine levels to near normalcy, and the highest activity was observed at doses of 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg. Additionally, no toxic effects were found in normal mice treated with this extract. Hence, neem leaf extract can be considered a potential candidate for protection against renal injury induced by malaria.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Hematological Parameters in Partial Exchange and Packed Cell Transfusion in Treatment of Severe Anemia in Pregnancy

Anemia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudha Salhan ◽  
Vrijesh Tripathi ◽  
Rajvir Singh ◽  
Harsha S. Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Outpatient Service ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Packed Cell Transfusion ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives. Anemia is a major public health problem throughout the world which assumes prominence in pregnant mothers. Patients with severe anemia continue to present themselves at term or in labor. This study was conducted to compare the improvements in hematological parameters of patients receiving partial exchange blood transfusion and transfusion of packed cells without exchange.Methods. One hundred and twenty-five severely anemic antenatal mothers were admitted from outpatient service. Partial exchange transfusion was given to sixty-six patients while fifty-nine received transfusion of packed cells with frusemide cover.Results. The two groups were comparable in terms of age, height, weight, religion, diet, education, occupation of self and husband, and income. Hemoglobin level in Group 1 was comparatively less than Group 2 at prelevel (5.2±1.5versus6.6±2.3,P=0.001) and postlevel (7.2±1.5versus8.6±1.8,P=0.001), respectively, but there was no significant difference between the two modes of transfusion (2.09±1.6versus2.01±1.5,P=0.78).Conclusion. The study produced an equally significant improvement in hematological parameters in partial exchange and packed cell transfusion. Platelet counts were significantly less in partial exchange as compared with packed cell transfusion.

scholarly journals Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Value of Circulating miRNAs in Heart Failure Patients Associated with Oxidative Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Sayed Ali Sheikh ◽  
Umme Salma ◽  
Baohai Zhang ◽  
Jimei Chen ◽  
Jian Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Heart Failure Patients

Heart failure is a major public health problem especially in the aging population (≥65 years old), affecting nearly 5 million Americans and 15 million European people. Effective management of heart failure (HF) depends on a correct and rapid diagnosis. Presently, BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) or N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) assay is generally accepted by the international community for diagnostic evaluation and risk stratification of patients with HF. However, regardless of its widespread clinical use, BNP is still encumbered by reduced specificity. As a result, diagnosis of heart failure remains challenging. Although significant improvement happened in the clinical management of HF over the last 2 decades, traditional treatments are ultimately ineffective in many patients who progress to advanced HF. Therefore, a novel diagnostic, prognostic biomarker and new therapeutic approach are required for clinical management of HF patients. Circulating miRNAs seem to be the right choice for novel noninvasive biomarkers as well as new treatment strategies for HF. In this review, we briefly discuss the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic role of circulating miRNAs in heart failure patients. We also mentioned our own technique of extraction of RNA and detection of circulating miRNAs from human plasma and oxidative stress associated miRNAs with HF.

Suicide in Adult Correctional Facilities: Key Ingredients to Prevention and Overcoming the Obstacles

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
White Males ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
County Jails ◽  
Inmate Suicide ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency

Despite increased general awareness of suicide in U.S. adult correctional facilities as well as the availability of research and correctional standards that advocate increased attention and services to potentially suicidal inmates, prevention efforts within correctional facilities remain piecemeal and inmate suicide continues to be a serious public health problem. A robotic state of mind excuse, that inmate suicide is not preventable, impedes prevention efforts. In the following discussion, the key ingredients to comprehensive suicide prevention programming are offered to dispel these obstacles.Suicide is a leading cause of death in jails across the United States, with well over 400 inmates taking their lives each year. In some urban jail facilities, deaths related to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) slightly outnumber deaths by suicide. The rate of suicide in county jails is estimated to be approximately nine times greater than that of the general population. Overall, most jail suicide victims are young white males who have been arrested for nonviolent offenses and were intoxicated when arrested.

scholarly journals Effect of Ceratonia siliqua Methanolic Extract and 6-hydroxydopamine on Memory Impairment and Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 3545-3548
Author(s):  
Gabriela Dumitru ◽  
Sara Abidar ◽  
Mohamad Nhiri ◽  
Lucian Hritcu ◽  
Razvan Stefan Boiangiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua L ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

The richness in soluble sugars and polyphenols, especially condensed tannins, vitamins, minerals and other phytochemicals, recommends Ceratonia siliqua L. species for use in therapeutic practice, especially in terms of neurotoxicity - a major public health problem. Neurodegenerative disorders arise from various metabolic dysfunctions or from the administration of chemicals such as 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a catecholaminergic neurotoxin that induces oxidative stress and, implicitly, cellular apoptosis. The results obtained after the administration of the methanolic extract of carob in Danio rerio highlights a phenomenon of prevention of short-term memory deficits, as well as a significant antioxidant activity.

P054 Acute articular rheumatism at the Hassan II hospital center, Fez, Morocco (prospective study: about 152 cases)

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himri Sara ◽  
Oumokhtar Bouchra ◽  
El Fakir Samira ◽  
Atmani Samir
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Recurrent Tonsillitis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Background Acute Articular Rheumatism (AAR) is a major public health problem in developing countries, due to the high prevalence of its main complication, which is rheumatic heart disease. The objective of this study is to determine the clinical and biological manifestations of rheumatic fever in children at CHU Hassan II in Fez, Morocco. Methods This is a prospective study carried out from January 2016 to July 2019 in the cardiopediatric unit of CHU Hassan II in Fez. Included were patients below 18 years of age. 152 children with RAA are diagnosed according to the modified Jones criteria. The patients are classified into 2 groups: group 1: RAA with carditis and group 2: RAA without carditis. Patient data is collected on operating sheets. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v 21 software. Results The average age of the patients was 12 years and 10 months. The male/female sex ratio was 0.7. The most represented age group was between 5 and 15 years (76.16%). Patients of urban origin presented 78.8%. The majority of children who are diagnosed with AAR with and without cardiac involvement are admitted in winter and fall respectively. A family history of RAA was found in 1 patient and recurrent tonsillitis were mentioned in 68.42%. Cardiac involvement is found in 78.3% of patients. Arthritis was the most common major end point in patients with and without carditis (24.4% and 12.1% respectively). Arthralgia was the most common minor outcome in these patients (67.2% and 78.8% respectively). Penicillin A was the most prescribed antibiotic in the two groups (80.83% and 79.31% respectively). The predominant valve disease in children with cardiac involvement is mitral leakage (69%). Serological proof of a streptococcal infection (ASLO&gt; 300U/ml) was found in 37.2% of cases. A high biological inflammatory syndrome (ESR&gt; 20) was noted in 29.4%. Corticosteroid therapy was used in 42.8% of patients with carditis and in 30.3% of patients without carditis. There was a recurrence in surveillance, this is an aggravation of the mitral leakage with in an 11-year-old boy. 6 patients (3.9%) underwent valve replacement: 4 valve replacements (mitral or aortic) and two double valve replacements (mitral and aortic). One death is noted, a form of acute carditis. Conclusion Cardiac involvement was very common in our series, which shows that AAR still remains a public health problem in our country. Keywords RAA, child, cardiac involvement

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