scholarly journals Machine Learning Implementation of a Diabetic Patient Monitoring System Using Interactive E-App

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Malik Bader Alazzam ◽  
Hoda Mansour ◽  
Fawaz Alassery ◽  
Ahmed Almulihi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Time Activity

Lifestyle influences morbidity and mortality rates in the world. Physical activity, a healthy weight, and a healthy diet are key preventative health behaviours that help reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and its complications, such as cardiovascular disease. A healthy lifestyle has been shown to prevent or delay chronic diseases and their complications, but few people follow all recommended self-management behaviours. This work seeks to improve knowledge of factors affecting type 2 diabetes self-management and prevention through lifestyle changes. This paper describes the design, development, and testing of a diabetes self-management mobile app. The app tracked dietary consumption and health data. Bluetooth movement data from a pair of wearable insole devices are used to track carbohydrate intake, blood glucose, medication adherence, and physical activity. Two machine learning models were constructed to recognise sitting and standing. The SVM and decision tree models were 86% accurate for these tasks. The decision tree model is used in a real-time activity classification app. It is exciting to see more and more mobile health self-management apps being used to treat chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Type 2 diabetes patients’ views on prevention of hypoglycaemia – a mixed methods study investigating self-management issues and self-identified causes of hypoglycaemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stijn Crutzen ◽  
Tessa van den Born-Bondt ◽  
Petra Denig ◽  
Katja Taxis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Hypoglycaemic Event ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Management Issues

Abstract Background Hypoglycaemia is a common and potentially avoidable adverse event in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). It can reduce quality of life, increase healthcare costs, and reduce treatment success. We investigated self-management issues associated with hypoglycaemia and self-identified causes of hypoglycaemia in these patients. Methods In this mixed methods study qualitative semi-structured interviews were performed, which informed a subsequent quantitative survey in T2D patients. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded independently by two coders using directed content analysis, guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework. Descriptive statistics were used to quantify the self-management issues and causes of hypoglycaemia collected in the survey for the respondents that had experienced at least one hypoglycaemic event in the past. Results Sixteen participants were interviewed, aged 59–84 years. Participants perceived difficulties in managing deviations from routine, and they sometimes lacked procedural knowledge to adjust medication, nutrition or physical activity to manage their glucose levels. Grief and loss of support due to the loss of a partner interfered with self-management and lead to hypoglycaemic events. Work ethic lead some participant to overexerting themselves, which in turn lead to hypoglycaemic events. The participants had difficulties preventing hypoglycaemic events, because they did not know the cause, suffered from impaired hypoglycaemia awareness and/or did not want to regularly measure their blood glucose. When they did recognise a cause, they identified issues with nutrition, physical activity, stress or medication. In total, 40% of respondents reported regular stress as an issue, 24% reported that they regularly overestimated their physical abilities, and 22% indicated they did not always know how to adjust their medication. Around 16% of patients could not always remember whether they took their medication, and 42% always took their medication at regular times. Among the 83 respondents with at least one hypoglycaemic event, common causes for hypoglycaemia mentioned were related to physical activity (67%), low food intake (52%), deviations from routine (35%) and emotional burden (28%). Accidental overuse of medication was reported by 10%. Conclusion People with T2D experience various issues with self-managing their glucose levels. This study underlines the importance of daily routine and being able to adjust medication in relation to more physical activity or less food intake as well as the ability to reduce and manage stress to prevent hypoglycaemic events.

scholarly journals Population-Based Estimates of Physical Activity for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cautionary Tale of Potential Confounding by Weight Status

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Plotnikoff ◽  
Steven T. Johnson ◽  
Constantinos A. Loucaides ◽  
Adrian E. Bauman ◽  
Nandini D. Karunamuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

At a population level, the method used to determine those meeting physical activity guidelines has important implications, as estimating “sufficient” physical activity might be confounded by weight status. The objective of this study was to test the difference between three methods in estimating the prevalence of “sufficient activity” among Canadian adults with type 2 diabetes in a large population sample (N=1614) while considering the role of weight status as a potential confounder. Our results revealed that estimates of physical activity levels vary by BMI categories, depending on the methods examined. Although physical activity levels were lower in the obese, their energy expenditure estimates were not different from those who were overweight or of a healthy weight. The implications of these findings are that biased estimates of physical activity at a population level may result in inappropriate classification of adults with type 2 diabetes as “sufficiently active” and that the inclusion of body weight in estimating physical activity prevalence should be approached with caution.

scholarly journals Experience of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2042
Author(s):  
Prathap Vasigar ◽  
Rajalakshmi Mahendran ◽  
Reenaa Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Diabetes Patient ◽  
Stress Development ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Lockdown during COVID-19 have impact in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients requiring medication and routine physical activity. The stress, development of complications of chronic diseases, locked in experience, fear of dying and loneliness in hospital. All these issues suggest that mental health of the diabetes patient is being affected enormously. In this report, we discussed the experience of three patients with diabetes mellitus and among them two acquired COVID-19 admitted to the COVID ward.

scholarly journals CV1 FOOD INSECURITY, PARTICIPATION OF DIABETES SELF-MANAGEMENT EDUCATION AND SUPPORT, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG MEDICARE BENEFICIRES WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S5
Author(s):  
B.P. Ng ◽  
K. Kim ◽  
J. LaManna ◽  
G.F. Tiu ◽  
Y. Li
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Self Management

scholarly journals Nurse Coaching and Mobile Health Compared With Usual Care to Improve Diabetes Self-Efficacy for Persons With Type 2 Diabetes: Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/16665 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e16665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M Young ◽  
Sheridan Miyamoto ◽  
Madan Dharmar ◽  
Yajarayma Tang-Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Mhealth Technology

Background Type 2 diabetes is a growing public health problem amenable to prevention and health promotion. As healthy behaviors have an impact on disease outcomes, approaches to support and sustain diabetes self-management are vital. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse coaching program using motivational interviewing paired with mobile health (mHealth) technology on diabetes self-efficacy and self-management for persons with type 2 diabetes. Methods This randomized controlled trial compared usual care with an intervention that entailed nurse health coaching and mHealth technology to track patient-generated health data and integrate these data into an electronic health record. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) enrolled at 1 of 3 primary care clinics, (2) aged 18 years or above, (3) living with type 2 diabetes, and (4) English-speaking. We collected outcome measures at baseline, 3 months, and 9 months. The primary outcome was diabetes self-efficacy; secondary outcomes were depressive symptoms, perceived stress, physical functioning, and emotional distress and anxiety. Linear regression mixed modeling estimated the population trends and individual differences in change. Results We enrolled 319 participants; 287 participants completed the study (155 control and 132 intervention). The participants in the intervention group had significant improvements in diabetes self-efficacy (Diabetes Empowerment Scale, 0.34; 95% CI –0.15,0.53; P<.01) and a decrease in depressive symptoms compared with usual care at 3 months (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; 0.89; 95% CI 0.01-1.77; P=.05), with no differences in the other outcomes. The differences in self-efficacy and depression scores between the 2 arms at 9 months were not sustained. The participants in the intervention group demonstrated a significant increase in physical activity (from 23,770 steps per week to 39,167 steps per week at 3 months and 32,601 per week at 9 months). Conclusions We demonstrated the short-term effectiveness of this intervention; however, by 9 months, although physical activity remained above the baseline, the improvements in self-efficacy were not sustained. Further research should evaluate the minimum dose of coaching required to continue progress after active intervention and the potential of technology to provide effective ongoing automated reinforcement for behavior change. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02672176; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02672176

scholarly journals Self-management behavior concerning physical activity of Japanese type 2 diabetes patients, characterized by sex, daily energy intake and body mass index

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-212
Author(s):  
Yuri Tokunaga-Nakawatase ◽  
Chiemi Taru ◽  
Akimitsu Tsutou ◽  
Masakazu Nishigaki ◽  
Ikuko Miyawaki
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Management Behavior ◽  
Daily Energy

The Association Between Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines and Chronic Diseases Among Canadian Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley N. Bryan ◽  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Fair Poor

Background:Physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease. This study describes the relationship between meeting the guidelines for physical activity described in Canada’s Physical Activity Guide and heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and low levels of general health.Methods:Leisure-time energy expenditure (LTEE) was calculated from leisure-time physical activities reported by adults who participated in the 2007 Canadian Community Health Survey. Respondents were classified as meeting the guidelines for physical activity or not, and were stratified by sex into quartiles of LTEE. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds for all conditions associated with not meeting the guidelines and by quartile of LTEE, adjusting for covariates.Results:The odds of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and fair/poor health were significantly higher among those not meeting the guidelines for both sexes and for high blood pressure among women. Significantly higher odds were seen between the lowest and highest quartiles of LTEE for type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure and across all quartiles for obesity and fair/poor health for both sexes.Conclusions:Canadian adults meeting the physical activity guidelines have lower odds of chronic diseases and fair/poor health than those not meeting the guidelines.

scholarly journals Depression and Adherence to Lifestyle Changes in Type 2 Diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa L. Sumlin ◽  
Theresa J. Garcia ◽  
Sharon A. Brown ◽  
Mary A. Winter ◽  
Alexandra A. García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Physical Activity Adherence ◽  
Lower Adherence

Purpose Depression affects millions of people worldwide and is prevalent among those with diabetes. The purpose of this review was to synthesize recent research on depression and adherence to dietary and physical activity recommendations in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods This systematic review is a subanalysis of an NIH-funded model-testing meta-analysis. Thirteen electronic databases were searched using terms: depression, adherence, T2DM, diabetes. Selected studies: were reported in English between 2000 and 2012, focused on adults with T2DM, and measured depression and dietary and/or physical activity adherence. Results Twenty-seven studies involving 7266 participants were selected; participants were 54% female and 62 years of age, on average. When reported, depression prevalence in study samples ranged from 4.5% to 74%. Six intervention studies targeted diabetes treatment, with or without depression treatment; no studies focused solely on treating depression. Twenty-one descriptive studies examined relationships between depression and diet/physical activity adherence, finding a negative association. Only 2 of the 6 intervention studies examined this relationship; findings were inconsistent. Conclusion Depression was associated with lower adherence to diabetes self-care, as evidenced primarily by descriptive studies; results of intervention studies were conflicting. Future research should focus on the effects of treating depression on diabetes health outcomes.

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