scholarly journals A Fine-Grained Horizontal Scaling Method for Container-Based Cloud

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Chunmao Jiang ◽  
Peng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
Scaling Method ◽  
Scheduling Policies ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cpu Utilization ◽  
Elastic Scaling ◽  
Container Orchestration

The container scaling mechanism, or elastic scaling, means the cluster can be dynamically adjusted based on the workload. As a typical container orchestration tool in cloud computing, Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) automatically adjusts the number of pods in a replication controller, deployment, replication set, or stateful set based on observed CPU utilization. There are several concerns with the current HPA technology. The first concern is that it can easily lead to untimely scaling and insufficient scaling for burst traffic. The second is that the antijitter mechanism of HPA may cause an inadequate number of onetime scale-outs and, thus, the inability to satisfy subsequent service requests. The third concern is that the fixed data sampling time means that the time interval for data reporting is the same for average and high loads, leading to untimely and insufficient scaling at high load times. In this study, we propose a Double Threshold Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (DHPA) algorithm, which fine-grained divides the scale of events into three categories: scale-out, no scale, and scale-in. And then, on the scaling strength, we also employ two thresholds that are further subdivided into no scaling (antijitter), regular scaling, and fast scaling for each of the three cases. The DHPA algorithm determines the scaling strategy using the average of the growth rates of CPU utilization, and thus, different scheduling policies are adopted. We compare the DHPA with the HPA algorithm under different loads, including low, medium, and high. The experiments show that the DHPA algorithm has better antijitter and antiload characteristics in container increase and reduction while ensuring service and cluster security.

scholarly journals Tectono-Sedimentary Evolution of the Cenozoic Basins in the Eastern External Betic Zone (SE Spain)

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Manuel Martín-Martín ◽  
Francesco Guerrera ◽  
Mario Tramontana
Keyword(s):  
Strike Slip ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Se Spain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sedimentary Evolution ◽  
Marine Sedimentation ◽  
Geodynamic Processes ◽  
Early Paleocene

Four main unconformities (1–4) were recognized in the sedimentary record of the Cenozoic basins of the eastern External Betic Zone (SE, Spain). They are located at different stratigraphic levels, as follows: (1) Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, even if this unconformity was also recorded at the early Paleocene (Murcia sector) and early Eocene (Alicante sector), (2) Eocene-Oligocene boundary, quite synchronous, in the whole considered area, (3) early Burdigalian, quite synchronous (recognized in the Murcia sector) and (4) Middle Tortonian (recognized in Murcia and Alicante sectors). These unconformities correspond to stratigraphic gaps of different temporal extensions and with different controls (tectonic or eustatic), which allowed recognizing minor sedimentary cycles in the Paleocene–Miocene time span. The Cenozoic marine sedimentation started over the oldest unconformity (i.e., the principal one), above the Mesozoic marine deposits. Paleocene-Eocene sedimentation shows numerous tectofacies (such as: turbidites, slumps, olistostromes, mega-olistostromes and pillow-beds) interpreted as related to an early, blind and deep-seated tectonic activity, acting in the more internal subdomains of the External Betic Zone as a result of the geodynamic processes related to the evolution of the westernmost branch of the Tethys. The second unconformity resulted from an Oligocene to Aquitanian sedimentary evolution in the Murcia Sector from marine realms to continental environments. This last time interval is characterized as the previous one by a gentle tectonic activity. On the other hand, the Miocene sedimentation was totally controlled by the development of superficial thrusts and/or strike-slip faults zones, both related to the regional geodynamic evolutionary framework linked to the Mediterranean opening. These strike-slip faults zones created subsidence areas (pull-apart basin-type) and affected the sedimentation lying above the third unconformity. By contrast, the subsidence areas were bounded by structural highs affected by thrusts and folds. After the third unconformity, the Burdigalian-Serravallian sedimentation occurred mainly in shallow- to deep-water marine environments (Tap Fm). During the Late Miocene, after the fourth unconformity, the activation of the strike-slip faults zones caused a shallow marine environment sedimentation in the Murcia sector and a continental (lacustrine and fluvial) deposition in the Alicante sector represented the latter, resulting in alluvial fan deposits. Furthermore, the location of these fans changed over time according to the activation of faults responsible for the tectonic rising of Triassic salt deposits, which fed the fan themselves.

scholarly journals Progressive Boundary Refinement Network for Temporal Action Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (07) ◽  
pp. 11612-11619
Author(s):  
Qinying Liu ◽  
Zilei Wang
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Action Detection ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Third ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Temporal Action ◽  
Boundary Refinement

Temporal action detection is a challenging task due to vagueness of action boundaries. To tackle this issue, we propose an end-to-end progressive boundary refinement network (PBRNet) in this paper. PBRNet belongs to the family of one-stage detectors and is equipped with three cascaded detection modules for localizing action boundary more and more precisely. Specifically, PBRNet mainly consists of coarse pyramidal detection, refined pyramidal detection, and fine-grained detection. The first two modules build two feature pyramids to perform the anchor-based detection, and the third one explores the frame-level features to refine the boundaries of each action instance. In the fined-grained detection module, three frame-level classification branches are proposed to augment the frame-level features and update the confidence scores of action instances. Evidently, PBRNet integrates the anchor-based and frame-level methods. We experimentally evaluate the proposed PBRNet and comprehensively investigate the effect of the main components. The results show PBRNet achieves the state-of-the-art detection performances on two popular benchmarks: THUMOS'14 and ActivityNet, and meanwhile possesses a high inference speed.

THE GEOLOGICAL EXPRESSION OF EUSTACY IN THE EARLY TERTIARY OF THE GIPPSLAND BASIN

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Seismic Records ◽  
Basin Morphology ◽  
The Times ◽  
Sequence Boundaries ◽  
Gippsland Basin

In the non-marine to marginal marine environments of the Latrobe Group, distinct sedimentary sequences are recognised on seismic records and these sequences are often expressed in wells by palynological zones, changes in E-log character and lithology.The succession of sequences represents variations in sea level, many of which are interpreted aseustatic. Eustatic falls are represented by unconformities and channel formation along the seaward margin and by hiatuses (frequently with dolomite cementation of underlying sands) landward in deltaic and non-marine sections. Eustatic rises are represented by dinoflagellate ingressions over truncated surfaces at sequence boundaries, followed by outbuilding of deltaic environments at the stillstand towards the end of each cycle.During the Paleocene and Eocene very little sediment was deposited beyond the limits of the marginal marine environments except within channels where the Flounder and Turrum Formations are found. In this time interval they was an overall landward encroachment of successive sequences reflecting an overall sea level rise. The interaction of rising sea level and limited deposition beyond the marginal marine edge meant that successive sequences became more restricted seaward such that within the marine environment the area of non-deposition increased. The surface thus defined, modified locally by channel erosion, constitutes the unconformity at the top of the Latrobe Group. This unconformity surface was preserved when deposition of fine-grained open marine sediments of the Lakes Entrance Formation commenced in the Oligocene.In the Tasman Sea a succession of terrigenous silts and clays present in the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 283 can be correlated with periods when fine-grained sediments bypassed the Gippsland shelf. The stratigraphy of this site can be interpreted as a record of availability of sediment from the southeastern Australian continental shelf. The times of commencement and termination of stratigraphic units and disconformities at Site 283 correlate with timing of eustatic cycles. Thus the stratigraphy of Site 283 is a record, as is the Latrobe Group, of how eustacy interacts with basin morphology to modify distribution of sediments.

Pharmacokinetics of ethanol and its metabolite, acetaldehyde, and fetolethality in the third-trimester pregnant guinea pig for oral administration of acute, multiple-dose ethanol

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1060-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Clarke ◽  
Nancy A. E. Steenaart ◽  
Christopher J. Slack ◽  
James F. Brien
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third

The pharmacokinetics of ethanol and its metabolite, acetaldehyde, were determined in the third-trimester pregnant guinea pig (56–59 days gestation) for oral intubation of four doses of 1 g ethanol/kg maternal body weight, administered at 1-h intervals. Animals (n = 4–7) were sacrificed at each of selected times during the 26-h study. Ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations were determined by headspace gas-liquid chromatography. The maternal and fetal blood ethanol concentration–time curves were virtually superimposable, which indicated unimpeded bidirectional placental transfer of ethanol in the matemal–fetal unit. The blood and brain ethanol concentrations were similar in each of the maternal and fetal compartments during the study, which indicated rapid equilibrium distribution of ethanol. There was accumulation of ethanol in the amniotic fluid resulting in higher ethanol concentration compared with maternal and fetal blood during the elimination phase, which indicated that the amniotic fluid may serve as a reservoir for ethanol in utero. Acetaldehyde was measurable in all the biological fluids and tissues at concentrations that were at least 1000-fold less than the respective ethanol concentrations and were variable. There was ethanol-induced fetolethality that was delayed and variable among animals, and was 55% at 23 h. At this time interval, the ethanol concentrations in maternal blood and brain, fetal brain, and amniotic fluid were 35- to 53-fold greater and the acetaldehyde concentrations in maternal blood and fetal brain were four- to five-fold higher in the animals with dead fetuses compared with the guinea pigs with live litters. These data indicated that decreased ethanol elimination from the maternal–fetal unit was related temporally to the fetolethality.

scholarly journals An Elastic Scaling Method for Cloud Security

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-262
Author(s):  
Áine MacDermott ◽  
Qi Shi ◽  
Madjid Merabti ◽  
Kashif Kifayat
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Security ◽  
Scaling Method ◽  
Elastic Scaling

scholarly journals Dispersión de Ralstonia solanacearum en suelos cultivados con plátano en el Piedemonte Llanero

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Aníbal L. Tapiero ◽  
Alexis Morales ◽  
Sandra Milena Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diseased Plant ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
The Third

<p>La dispersión de la enfermedad del Moko en un cultivo comercial de plátano se determinó a partir de un análisis de la incidencia en cuadrantes conformados por ejes de ocho plantas a partir de una planta enferma erradicada (foco). Se identificaron colonias de <em>Ralstonia solanacearum </em>en muestras de agua y suelo procedentes de 12 puntos por cuadrante, en cuatro muestreos realizados los días 0, 45, 90 y 135. Los aislamientos que formaron colonias típicas fluidas (F), pequeñas redondas fluidas (SFR) y variantes afluidas (AFV), fueron sometidos a pruebas bioquímicas, análisis molecular (PCR), reacción de hipersensibilidad en hojas de tabaco y patogenicidad sobre plantas jóvenes de plátano. La enfermedad se incrementó de 8 a 10, 12 y 38 plantas en promedio por cuadrante y muestreo. En tres de los cuadrantes la incidencia se restringió al área más cercana al foco, mientras que en el otro hubo una dispersión mayor. El número promedio de colonias típicas (F) aisladas varió de 54 el día 0 a 114, 142 y 90 en los muestreos subsiguientes. El número de unidades formadoras de colonia por gramo de suelo (UFC/g) de los tipos F y SFR siempre fue menor que el de colonias AFV; las de tipo F tendieron a disminuir a partir del tercer muestreo (día 90) registrando un leve aumento en el cuarto (día 135). Por su parte, el número de UFC/g tipo SFR aumentó en los muestreos segundo y tercero y se redujo en el último. El número de UFC/g de tipo AFV, aunque 10 veces más abundante que los otros tipos, presentó un comportamiento similar al de las colonias SFR y su disminución fue más drástica al final. Las colonias tipo F fueron más frecuentes en cercanías del foco, lo que coincidió con el incremento de plantas enfermas, mientras que las colonias tipo AFV predominaron en las áreas intermedias. La amplificación de segmentos de ADN por PCR (<em>Oli1 </em>– <em>Y2</em>) confirmó los resultados de las caracterizaciones bioquímica, de hipersensibilidad y patogénica. Las colonias tipo F presentaron mayor número de respuestas positivas que las SFR y AFV a cada una de las pruebas, incluyendo la de patogenicidad.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Dispersion of Ralstonia solanacearum in soils cultivated with plantain in the 'Piedemonte Llanero' (Colombia)</strong></p><p>In order to analyze the dispersion of ‘Moko’ disease in a commercial plantain cultivation, quadrants were defined conformed by the axes of eight plants from a removed diseased plant (focus). It was possible to identify Ralstonia solanacearum in samples of water and soil originated from 12 points per quadrant, in four samplings performed on days 0, 45, 90 and 135. The isolates that formed typical fluid colonies (F), small fluid rounds (SFR) and non-fluid variants (NFV), were subjected to biochemical tests, molecular analysis (PCR), hypersensitivity reactions on tobacco leaves and pathogenicity on young plantain plants. The disease increased from an average of 8 to 10, 12 and 38 plants per quadrant over sampling time. In three quadrants the incidence was restricted to the area closest to the focus, whereas in the other there was a greater dispersion. The average number of typical colonies (F) isolated varied from 54 at day 0 to 114, 142 and 90 in subsequent samplings. The number of forming colony units per gram of soil (FCU/g) of the types F and SFR was always less than for NFV colonies; those of type F tended to decrease from the third sampling (day 90) and then registered a slight increase in the fourth (day 135). On their part, the number of FCU/g of type SFR increased in the second and third samplings and decreased in the last. The number of FCU/g of type NFV, although ten times more abundant than the other types, presented a similar behavior to the type SFR and its decrease was more drastic at the end. Type F colonies were more frequent in the immediate focus areas, which coincided with the increase of diseased plants, whereas type NFV colonies predominated in intermediate areas. The amplification of DNA segments by PCR (Oli1 – Y2) confirmed the results of the biochemical, hypersensitivity and pathogenicity characterizations. Type F colonies showed a larger number of positive responses than SFR and NFV to each of the tests, including pathogenicity.</p>

scholarly journals Unexpected Decrease in Shunt Surgeries Performed during the Shelter-in-Place Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-476
Author(s):  
Nealen Laxpati ◽  
David P Bray ◽  
Jennifer Wheelus ◽  
Kimberly Hamilton ◽  
William Boydston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Csf Shunt ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Type Of Surgery

Abstract BACKGROUND It is expected that the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt malfunctions would remain unchanged during the shelter-in-place period related to the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE To examine the number of shunt surgeries performed in a single institution during this time interval in comparison to equivalent periods in past years. METHODS The numbers of elective and emergent/urgent shunt surgeries performed at a single institution were queried for a 28-d period starting on the third Monday of March, between years 2015 and 2020. These were further stratified by how they presented as well as the type of surgery performed. RESULTS During the 28-d period of interest, in the years between 2015 and 2020, there was a steady increase in the number of shunt surgeries performed, with a maximum of 64 shunt surgeries performed in 2019. Of these, approximately 50% presented in urgent fashion in any given year. In the 4-wk period starting March 16, 2020, a total of 32 shunt surgeries were performed, with 15 of those cases presenting from the outpatient setting in emergent/urgent fashion. For the surgeries performed, there was a statistically significant decrease in the number of revision shunt surgeries performed. CONCLUSION During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, there was an unexpected decrease in the number of shunt surgeries performed, and particularly in the number of revision surgeries performed. This suggests that an environmental factor related to the pandemic is altering the presentation rate of shunt malfunctions.

scholarly journals Tye’s Theory of the Unconceptual Content of the Perceptual Mental States

Discourse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
A. I. Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Nonconceptual Content ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Third ◽  
Philosophy Of Perception ◽  
Cognitive Research

Introduction. In modern philosophy of perception, the issue of the content of perceptual mental states is actively discussed, in particular the possibility of nonconceptual content is one of the most significant problem. Usually conceptual activity is attributed to thinking, and perception is intended to be non-conceptual. Such an approach may deprive perception of opportunity to serve as a basis for judgment. The paper analyzes Tye’s theory of non-conceptual content of perceptual mental states, which does not deprive the perception of its epistemological function.Methodology and sources. Methodologically, the research work is based on philosophical analysis of modern theories of perception and results of cognitive research.Results and discussion. In accepted terminology, the content of perceptual mental states can be of three types: conceptual, non-conceptual detailed (fine-grained) and nonconceptual coarse (coarse-grained). Tye's position is that perceptual mental states have only the third kind of content. This approach faces a number of objections that are presented in this paper. The analysis of objections shows their surmount ability, thus, it can be concluded that the Tye’s position of nonconceptual content can be considered as reasonable. The main result of the presented research is the presentation of additional grounds for the theory of non-conceptual content of perceptual mental states.Conclusion. The problem of the content of perceptual mental states is crucial for understanding the epistemological role of perception. The theory of non-conceptual content of perceptual mental states provides new insights into perception.

scholarly journals The deformation and granitisation of Ketilidian rocks in the Nanortalik area, S. Greenland

1966 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 1-102
Author(s):  
A Escher
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Intrusive Body ◽  
Major Phase ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Rigid Mass ◽  
Metasomatic Replacement ◽  
Subsequent Replacement

The Nanortalik peninsula, situated between the fjords of Tasermiut and Sarqâ, is largely composed of Ketilidian schists, quartzites and volcanic rocks. All these rocks are more or less strongly folded. The folding took place probably in three successive phases during the Ketilidian period : A first deformation resulting in folds with NNE trending axes, was followed by a second major phase of folding with NW axes. This second folding was essentially plastic. A third deformation, acting probably on a more rigid mass, was characterised by the formation of fracturec1eavage. Third-period folds possess very long wavelengths; their axes are oriented NNE to NE. Migmatisation started probably during the second deformation period resulting in the formation of many dykes and veins of pegmatite and aplite. Four generations of Ketilidian pegmatites can be recognised. Most of them appear to have been formed by metasomatic replacement. It seems that during the Ketilidian orogeny, the evolution of the schists and gneissic schists tended to a granodioritic composition. Potassium metasomatism only became active at the end of the Ketilidian period. In the NE part of the Nanortalik peninsula, three Sanerutian granites can be observed. These granites are similar in composition (quartz-microline-biotite), but possess different ages and textures. The time interval between the last Ketilidian deformation and the emplacement of the first Sanerutian granite was marked by the intrusion of several metadoleritic dykes. The first and principal Sanerutian granite usually shows an indistinct foliation due to numerous oriented inc1usions. Field evidence indicates that this granite was formed mainly by replacement of volcanic rocks. Chemical analyses show that large amounts of K, Si and Na have been supplied to produce the granitisation of the volcanic rocks. The second Sanerutian granite is characterised by a coarse porphyroblastic texture and appears to have been emplaced partially by the intrusion of a melt and partially by a subsequent replacement of the host-rock. Finally, the last Sanerutian granite displays all the characteristics of a pure intrusive body. It is generally very fine-grained and forms many cross-cutting dykes.

Analysis of Data Associated with Seemingly Temporal Clustering of a Rare Disease

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Goldbourt ◽  
R. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Cluster Size ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Third ◽  
Temporal Clustering ◽  
Power Curves

Abstract:Three statistical tests aimed at detecting temporal clustering within a given short series of diagnoses are presented. These tests are based on a standardized time interval between consecutive diagnoses. Two of the tests (the Cuscore and the Sets tests) are derived from sequential monitoring techniques which are sensitive to temporal clustering within the data set. The third test (R test) is not sequential and its sensitivity is focused on the average increase in the overall rate of the disease rather than on clustering within the series. Power curves are presented for conditions related to the intensity level of the subtle epidemic, the cluster size and the number of diagnoses. None of the techniques showed highest efficiency over all the specified conditions. The R test is the most efficient when the relative risk is 2 or less, and the Cuscore test is the most efficient method when the relative risk is ≥2.5.

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