Structural Characteristics, Rheological Properties, and Antioxidant Activity of Novel Polysaccharides from “Deer Tripe Mushroom”

The polysaccharide was extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method from “deer tripe mushroom,” which was domesticated and bred from wild Auricularia delicata in Zambia. The structure of the deer tripe mushroom polysaccharide (DTMP) was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and other analytical techniques. And the rheological and gel properties and antioxidant capacities of the polysaccharide were studied. The results showed that DTMP was mainly composed of mannose, fructose, glucose, and galacturonic acid, of which the galacturonic acid was the main component. By calculation, the molar ratio of mannose : fructose : glucose : galactoacid in DTMP is 0.8 : 14.8 : 1.0 : 26.32. The polysaccharide was mainly composed by α-1,4-glycosidic bond. DTMP solution showed a shear-thinning (pseudoplastic) behaviour, and its pseudoplasticity was more obvious at a concentration of 2%. The power law model was used to evaluate the viscosity curves of DTMP, and its viscosity and consistency indices both increased as the concentration increased, whereas both indices decreased as the concentration decreased. The viscosity of the polysaccharide solution changed as the pH changed: the polysaccharide solutions had a higher viscosity at pH = 10. DTMP showed gel-like behaviour (G′ ＞ G″), and the gel strength enhanced with the increase of concentration (2%–10%). In addition, the antioxidant experiment of DTMP showed that it had good antioxidant activity, and there was a significant dose-effect relationship between its activity and concentration in the low concentration range.

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Structural Characteristics of the Guaiacyl-Rich Lignins From Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Husks and Straw

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.640475 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Mario J. Rosado ◽

Jorge Rencoret ◽

Gisela Marques ◽

Ana Gutiérrez ◽

José C. del Río

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Aryl Ether ◽

Rice Husks ◽

Alkyl Aryl ◽

G Ratio

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major cereal crop used for human nutrition worldwide. Harvesting and processing of rice generates huge amounts of lignocellulosic by-products such as rice husks and straw, which present important lignin contents that can be used to produce chemicals and materials. In this work, the structural characteristics of the lignins from rice husks and straw have been studied in detail. For this, whole cell walls of rice husks and straw and their isolated lignin preparations were thoroughly analyzed by an array of analytical techniques, including pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC). The analyses revealed that both lignins, particularly the lignin from rice husks, were highly enriched in guaiacyl (G) units, and depleted in p-hydroxyphenyl (H) and syringyl (S) units, with H:G:S compositions of 7:81:12 (for rice husks) and 5:71:24 (for rice straw). These compositions were reflected in the relative abundances of the different interunit linkages. Hence, the lignin from rice husks were depleted in β–O–4′ alkyl-aryl ether units (representing 65% of all inter-unit linkages), but presented important amounts of β–5′ (phenylcoumarans, 23%) and other condensed units. On the other hand, the lignin from rice straw presented higher levels of β–O–4′ alkyl-aryl ethers (78%) but lower levels of phenylcoumarans (β–5′, 12%) and other condensed linkages, consistent with a lignin with a slightly higher S/G ratio. In addition, both lignins were partially acylated at the γ-OH of the side-chain (ca. 10–12% acylation degree) with p-coumarates, which overwhelmingly occurred over S-units. Finally, important amounts of the flavone tricin were also found incorporated into these lignins, being particularly abundant in the lignin of rice straw.

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Comparative characterization of humic substances extracted from freshwater and peat of different apparent molecular sizes

Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science ◽

10.4136/ambi-agua.2022 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 774 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Eliane Sloboda Rigobello ◽

Sandro Xavier Campos ◽

Eduardo Ribeiro de Azevedo ◽

Angela Di Bernardo Dantas ◽

Eny Maria Vieira

Keyword(s):

Humic Substances ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Size Fraction ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Magic Angle Spinning ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Magic Angle ◽

River Bank ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Molecular Sizes

This paper compares the structural characteristics of aquatic humic substances (AHS) with humic substances from peat (HSP) through different analytical techniques, including elemental analysis, solid state 13C cross polarization/magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C CP-MAS NMR), ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and total organic carbon (TOC). The AHS were extracted from water collected in a tributary of the Itapanhaú River (Bertioga/SP) using XAD 8 resin, and the HSP were extracted from peat collected in the Mogi Guaçu River bank (Luis Antonio/SP) with a KOH solution. After dialysis, both AHS and HSP extracts were filtered in membrane of 0.45 µm pore size (Fraction F1: < 0.45 µm) and fractioned by ultrafiltration in different apparent molecular sizes (AMS) (F2: 100 kDa-0.45 μm; F3: 30 kDa-100 kDa and F4: < 30 kDa). The extracts with the lowest AMS (F3 and F4) showed a higher number of aliphatic carbons than aromatic carbons, a higher concentration of groups containing oxygen and a higher percentage of fulvic acids (FA) than humic acids (HA) for both AHS and HSP. However, the AHS presented higher FA than HA content in relation to the HSP and distinct structural properties.

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Characterization of JamaicanDelonix regiaandCassia fistulaSeed Extracts

Biochemistry Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/3850102 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andrea Goldson Barnaby ◽

Raymond Reid ◽

Vaughn Rattray ◽

Ruth Williams ◽

Marcel Denny

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Seed Extracts

Delonix regiaandCassia fistulaseed extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant activity, total phenolics, ash, zinc and fatty acid content. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to assess the chemical functionalities present within the seeds. Antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Total phenolics were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Lipid extracts were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Zinc concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Extracts from the seeds ofC. fistulahad a higher antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activity, and phenolic content thanD. regia. FTIR revealed that the seeds are a rich source of protein with small quantities of fat.C. fistulaextracts contained a higher percentage of total fat thanD. regia. Palmitic acid was identified as the predominant saturated fatty acid in both extracts. Oleic acid and linoleic acid were identified in smaller quantities. Seed extracts may be considered for use in food and nutraceutical applications.

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Bismuth Basic Nitrate as a Novel Adsorbent for Azo Dye Removal

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2012/617050 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 1885-1896 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

E. A. Abdullah ◽

A. H. Abdullah ◽

Z. Zainal ◽

M. Z. Hussein ◽

T. K. Ban

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Organic Contaminants ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Point Of Zero Charge ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Sunset Yellow ◽

Ag Particles ◽

Efficient Route ◽

Potential Use

Bismuth basic nitrate (BBN) and its TiO2-Ag modified sorbent, PTBA were successfully synthesized via a precipitation method. The structural characteristics of prepared sorbents were determined through different analytical techniques. The potential use of prepared sorbents for organic compounds' removal was evaluated using Methyl Orange and Sunset Yellow dyes as model pollutants in aqueous solutions. The experimental results showed that the presence of TiO2and Ag particles during the crystal growth of bismuth basic nitrate has an effect on the crystal structure, point of zero charge (pHpzc), pore volume and diameter. The lower binding energy of Ti 2p core level peak indicates the octahedral coordination of TiO2particles on the PTBA surface. The alteration of hydrophilic-hydrophobic characteristics of sorbent's surface improves the adsorptive performance of the modified sorbent and provides an efficient route for organic contaminants' removal from aqueous solutions.

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Isolation, structure characteristics and antioxidant activity of two water-soluble polysaccharides from Lenzites betulina

BMC Chemistry ◽

10.1186/s13065-021-00741-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lei Guo ◽

Hongwei Dai ◽

Jiayu Ma ◽

Junmin Wang ◽

Yan Hua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Glucuronic Acid ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Deae Cellulose ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Infrared Spectrometry ◽

Lenzites Betulina ◽

Fungal Polysaccharides

Abstract Background Fungal polysaccharides belong to a very important class of biological macromolecules in nature, and have complex monosaccharide composition and structure. These studies on structure and biological activity of fungal polysaccharides have become one of the research hotspots of scholars at home and abroad. Results This study was performed in order to understand the structural characteristics and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Lenzites betulina (LBPs). The LBPs were deproteinized using sevag method, and further purified by DEAE cellulose-52 column and Sephadex G-100 column chromatographies, then the two refined polysaccharides were obtained and named LBPs-5 and LBPs-6. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) showed that LBPs-5 and LBPs-6 are typical β-pyranose with characteristic peaks of polysaccharides. The molecular weight of the two water-soluble polysaccharides were estimated to be 3.235 × 103 Da and 6.196 × 103 Da by HPGPC, respectively. HPLC with PMP derivatization analysis indicated that the monosaccharide compositions of LBPs-5 were mannose, glucuronic acid, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 0.05:0.15:0.76:0.04. The monosaccharide compositions of LBPs-6 were mannose, glucuronic acid, and glucose, in a molar ratio of 0.04:0.17:0.79. Furthermore, the two water-soluble polysaccharides demonstrated strong scavenging effects on DPPH·, ABTS·+, ·OH and weak total reducing power, especially LBPs-6 was significantly stronger in scavenging rate than that of LBPs-5. Conclusions The outcome of the study indicated that LBPs had good potential as medicine and food.

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Development Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Powders from Oyster Shells (Crassostrea gigas) by Carbonate Content Variations

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.975.76 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 975 ◽

pp. 76-81

Author(s):

Almukarrama ◽

Yusril Yusuf

Keyword(s):

Crystallite Size ◽

Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Carbonate Content ◽

Carbonated Hydroxyapatite ◽

X Ray ◽

Ion Substitution ◽

Inorganic Mineral ◽

Main Component

Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAp) is an inorganic mineral that more closely resembles the main component of composing human hard tissue in 2-8 wt% carbonate content. CHAp powders have been synthesized from oyster shells using the precipitation method. Oyster shells are one type of shellfish from the bivalve class which is rich in calcium carbonate content. In this research, CaO from oyster shells obtained from the decomposition process of CaCO3 was used as a source of calcium and diammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate as well as a precursor of phosphate and carbonate, respectively. In addition, carbonate content variations were x = 0, 0.3, 0.8 and 1.2 which were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) to determine the functional groups, crystallographic properties, morphology and Ca/P molar ratio, respectively. Carbonate ion substitution in the hydroxyapatite crystal structure is known to decrease crystallinity and crystallite size. The theory is in accordance with the results obtained in this study with the crystallite size is 74.322, 46.933, 37.727, and 31.499 nm for 0.95, 2.7, 5.7, and 9.35 wt.% carbonate content, respectively.

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Isolation, Structure Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Two Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Lenzites betulina

10.21203/rs.3.rs-129996/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hongwei Dai ◽

Jiayu Ma ◽

Junmin Wang ◽

Yan Hua ◽

Lei Guo

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Glucuronic Acid ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Deae Cellulose ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Infrared Spectrometry ◽

Lenzites Betulina ◽

Fungal Polysaccharides

Abstract Background: Fungal polysaccharides belong to a very important class of biological macromolecules in nature, and have complex monosaccharide composition and structure. These studies on structure and biological activity of fungal polysaccharides have become one of the research hotspots of scholars at home and abroad. Results: This study was performed in order to understand the structural characteristics and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Lenzites betulina (LBPs). The LBPs were deproteinized using sevag method, and further purified by DEAE cellulose-52 column and Sephadex G-100 column chromatographies, then the two refined polysaccharides were obtained and named LBPs-5 and LBPs-6. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) showed that LBPs-5 and LBPs-6 are typical β-pyranose with characteristic peaks of polysaccharides. The molecular weight of the two water-soluble were estimated to be 3.235×103 Da and 6.196×103 Da by HPGPC, respectively. HPLC with PMP derivatization analysis indicated that the monosaccharide compositions of LBPs-5 were mannose, glucuronic acid, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 0.05:0.15:0.76:0.04. The monosaccharide compositions of LBPs-6 were mannose, glucuronic acid, and glucose, in a molar ratio of 0.04:0.17:0.79. Furthermore, the two water-soluble polysaccharides demonstrated strong scavenging effects on DPPH·, ABTS.+, ·OH and weak total reducing power, especially LBPs-6 was significantly stronger in scavenging rate than that of LBPs-5. Conclusions: The outcome of the study indicated that LBPs had good potential as medicine and food.

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THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ROUTES ON TEXTURAL AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTRISTICS OF SYNTHESIZED Ni(OH)2 NANOPARTICLES

International Journal of Modern Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1142/s2010194512001808 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 05 ◽

pp. 24-32

Author(s):

HOSEIN ZAREI ◽

AMIR ALI YUZBASHI

Keyword(s):

Nickel Hydroxide ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Physical And Chemical

Nano-sized nickel hydroxide powder has been synthesized by complexation-precipitation method through various decomposition routes in order to investigate its effect on textural and structural characteristics of the nickel hydroxide products. The products were then characterized by various analytical techniques such as XRD, SEM, ICP and FTIR. The results showed that the product with different size, shape and structure could be obtained by using different routes for decomposition of the complex.

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Facile and versatile ligand analysis method of colloidal quantum dot

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-99358-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jin Hae Kim ◽

Hyokeun Park ◽

Tae-Gon Kim ◽

Hyunmi Lee ◽

Shinae Jun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Organic Ligands ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Inorganic Particle ◽

Oxidizing Agents ◽

Nano Crystalline ◽

Colloidal Quantum Dot ◽

Simple Phase

AbstractColloidal quantum-dots (QDs) are highly attractive materials for various optoelectronic applications owing to their easy maneuverability, high functionality, wide applicability, and low cost of mass-production. QDs usually consist of two components: the inorganic nano-crystalline particle and organic ligands that passivate the surface of the inorganic particle. The organic component is also critical for tuning electronic properties of QDs as well as solubilizing QDs in various solvents. However, despite extensive effort to understand the chemistry of ligands, it has been challenging to develop an efficient and reliable method for identifying and quantifying ligands on the QD surface. Herein, we developed a novel method of analyzing ligands in a mild yet accurate fashion. We found that oxidizing agents, as a heterogeneous catalyst in a different phase from QDs, can efficiently disrupt the interaction between the inorganic particle and organic ligands, and the subsequent simple phase fractionation step can isolate the ligand-containing phase from the oxidizer-containing phase and the insoluble precipitates. Our novel analysis procedure ensures to minimize the exposure of ligand molecules to oxidizing agents as well as to prepare homogeneous samples that can be readily analyzed by diverse analytical techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry.

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Compositional and Structural Features of the Main Bioactive Polysaccharides Present in the Aloe vera Plant

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.5740/jaoacint.18-0119 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 101 (6) ◽

pp. 1711-1719 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Rafael Minjares-Fuentes ◽

Antoni Femenia ◽

Francesca Comas-Serra ◽

Victor Manuel Rodríguez-González

Keyword(s):

Analytical Methods ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Galacturonic Acid ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Structural Features ◽

Postharvest Treatments ◽

Main Component ◽

Storage Polysaccharide

Abstract Aloe vera (A. barbadensis Miller) is probably one of the most popular plants, widely studied because of numerous properties associated with the polysaccharides present in its gel. In particular, two main types of bioactive polysaccharides can be distinguished in the A. vera gel: an acetylated mannose-rich polymer that functions as storage polysaccharide, and a galacturonic acid–rich polymer as the main component comprising the cell walls of the parenchymatous tissue. Interestingly, most of the beneficial properties related to the aloe plant have been associated with the acetylated mannose-rich polysaccharide, also known as acemannan. However, the composition and structural features of these polysaccharides, as well as the beneficial properties associated with them, may be altered by different factors, such as the climate, soil, postharvest treatments, and processing. Further, different analytical methods have been used not only to identify but also to characterize the main polysaccharides found in parenchyma of A. vera leaf. Within this context, the main aim of this review is to summarize the most relevant information about the structural and compositional features of the main polysaccharides found in the A. vera gel as well as the most relevant analytical techniques used for their identification and their influence on the technological, functional, and beneficial properties related to the A. vera plant.

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