scholarly journals Acute Pancreatitis as a Possible Unusual Manifestation of COVID-19 in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Niloufar Bineshfar ◽  
Alireza Mirahmadi ◽  
Fereshteh Karbasian ◽  
Elham Pourbakhtyaran ◽  
Abdollah Karimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Amylase Level ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Unusual Manifestation ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread throughout the world causing problems for millions of people. Symptoms of COVID-19 in pediatric patients include both respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. The most common symptoms are fever, cough, and fatigue. In this report, we describe a case of a previously well 14-year-old boy, who presented to our emergency department with a complaint of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting without fever or respiratory symptoms. He was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis based on an abnormal amylase level and abdomen computed tomography (CT) and later found to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, by a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test.

Death and COVID-19 Anxiety in Home-Quarantined Individuals Aged 65 and Over During the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110598
Author(s):  
Hümeyra Aslaner ◽  
Betül Özen ◽  
Zeliha K. Erten ◽  
Mebrure Beyza Gökçek
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Anxiety Score ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Pcr Test

Urgent measures were taken for those at the age of 65 and over who were at the risk group all over the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is known that many individuals at the age of 65 and over have experienced anxiety due to the uncertainties. This study aimed to determine the anxiety and death anxiety in individuals aged 65 and over who were isolation at home due to being diagnosed with COVID-19 or being in contact during the pandemic process. The study is descriptive and cross-sectional. It was performed with 656 home-quarantined individuals aged between 65–80 years with positive or negative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test result. A form including questions about the death anxiety and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale Short Form prepared by the researchers were administered to the individuals by phone call. Of the participants, 49.5% were male. Median COVID-19 anxiety score was 4 (0–18). Anxiety scores of the male and female participants were similar. Participants with negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results and those with death anxiety had higher COVID anxiety scores. Death anxiety has increased by 1.661 times in male gender, 1.983 times in RT-PCR positivity and 0.146 times in the presence of symptoms. Individuals with positive COVID-19 test results or those aged 65 and over who had death anxiety and negative COVID-19 test result but who were in home-isolation due to being a contact had higher anxiety score. For this reason, those with death anxiety can be supported in line with their religious beliefs to reduce anxiety. Those with negative PCR test results in quarantine can be adequately informed about the COVID-19.

scholarly journals Covid-19 Re-infection vs Prolonged Viral Shedding

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Barohn ◽  
Mary Hindle ◽  
Lauren Peck ◽  
Syed Hasan Raza Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Spread Of Infection

  Since December 2019, COVID 19 pandemic has devastated communities across the world. As number of patients recovered from COVID 19 continue to rise, question of acquired immunity versus chances of re-infection becomes critical to understand the future spread of infection. Here, we present a case of a patient previously recovered from COVID-19, develops new symptoms concerning for possible re-infection with positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after few months of initial infection.  

scholarly journals Descriptive epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 in Nigeria, 27 February–6 June 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Elimian ◽  
C. L. Ochu ◽  
E. Ilori ◽  
J. Oladejo ◽  
E. Igumbor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Planning ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Pcr Test

Abstract The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Nigeria with a view of generating evidence to enhance planning and response strategies. A national surveillance dataset between 27 February and 6 June 2020 was retrospectively analysed, with confirmatory testing for COVID-19 done by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The primary outcomes were cumulative incidence (CI) and case fatality (CF). A total of 40 926 persons (67% of total 60 839) had complete records of RT-PCR test across 35 states and the Federal Capital Territory, 12 289 (30.0%) of whom were confirmed COVID-19 cases. Of those confirmed cases, 3467 (28.2%) had complete records of clinical outcome (alive or dead), 342 (9.9%) of which died. The overall CI and CF were 5.6 per 100 000 population and 2.8%, respectively. The highest proportion of COVID-19 cases and deaths were recorded in persons aged 31–40 years (25.5%) and 61–70 years (26.6%), respectively; and males accounted for a higher proportion of confirmed cases (65.8%) and deaths (79.0%). Sixty-six per cent of confirmed COVID-19 cases were asymptomatic at diagnosis. In conclusion, this paper has provided an insight into the early epidemiology of COVID-19 in Nigeria, which could be useful for contextualising public health planning.

scholarly journals Viral RNA Shedding and Transmission Potential of Asymptomatic and Pauci-symptomatic COVID-19 Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arghadip Samaddar ◽  
Ravisekhar Gadepalli ◽  
Vijaya Lakshmi Nag ◽  
Sanjeev Misra ◽  
Pankaj Bhardwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

Abstract We studied the pattern and duration of viral RNA shedding in 32 asymptomatic and 11 pauci-symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Viral RNA shedding in exhaled breath progressively diminished and became negative after six days of a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Therefore, the duration of isolation can be minimised to six days.

scholarly journals Perspective of Arguments in Public Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Negative Report ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Time Of Admission ◽  
Pcr Test

Recently, an argument was put forth because a symptomatic and positive patient for CoVID-19 turned tested negative after 7 days, so discharged from the hospital. Both at the time of admission and discharge real-time reverse transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was done for testing of CoVID-19. Immediately, patient again developed respiratory symptoms and was admitted to hospital again. Amidst of current CoVID-19 pandemic, a question was asked “What is the specificity of the Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test for COVID-19?” with an assumption that what if at the time of discharge the disease is present in patient but test turned out to be negative? In response to that a counter statement was posed that “It is the sensitivity that should be asked rather than specificity”. It was based on the implication of primary question that was implying false negative report of the RT-PCR. It means, since patient was discharged with negative result that could be false negative.

scholarly journals Reducing False Negative PCR Test for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-410
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Bahreini ◽  
Rezvan Najafi ◽  
Razieh Amini ◽  
Salman Khazaei ◽  
Saeid Bashirian
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

As the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic spreads rapidly, there is need for a diagnostic test with high accuracy to detect infected individuals especially those without symptoms. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a common molecular test for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2. If some factors are not taken into consideration when performing this test, it can have a relatively large number of false negative results. In this article, we discuss important considerations that could lead to false negative test reduction. Key words: • SARS-CoV-2 • COVID-19 • Real time polymerase chain reaction • RT-PCR test • Diagnosis • False negatives • Genetics • Emerging disease   Copyright © 2020 Bahreini et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

scholarly journals Methods of Diagnosis a Preferential Advantage in COVID-19: A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Neha Saini ◽  
Prem Pandey ◽  
Mandar Shirolkar ◽  
Atul Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Humanity is going through never seen before health crisis due to the outbreak of novel coronavirus or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are 24.02 million cases and 0.82 million deaths worldwide as of 26th August 2020 due to deadly infection of COVID-19. The disease has been spreading exponentially (R-naught number: 3) and has challenged even the best healthcare infrastructure in the world. With the progression of the disease, the countries shifted the focus from cure to diagnosis and containment to flatten the curve. The review shows that the disease is spreading exponentially while the resources are still limited. We focus upon the probable vectors of the virus, different diagnostic methods with advantages & limitations, and the way forward. This review article covers the different diagnostic methods with more advantages, limitations, and the future sneak-peek into the forthcoming developments for the diagnostic processes such as RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase chain reaction).

scholarly journals Imaging of abdominal complications of COVID-19 infection

BJR|Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20200052
Author(s):  
Damiano Caruso ◽  
Marta Zerunian ◽  
Francesco Pucciarelli ◽  
Elena Lucertini ◽  
Benedetta Bracci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Abdominal Ct ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory syndrome caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first described in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in the last months of 2019 and then declared as a pandemic. Typical symptoms are represented by fever, cough, dyspnea and fatigue, but SARS-CoV-2 infection can also cause gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite) or be totally asymptomatic. As reported in literature, many patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had a secondary abdominal involvement (bowel, pancreas, gallbladder, spleen, liver, kidneys), confirmed by laboratory tests and also by radiological features. Usually the diagnosis of COVID-19 is suspected and then confirmed by real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), after the examination of the lung bases of patients, admitted to the emergency department with abdominal symptoms and signs, who underwent abdominal-CT. The aim of this review is to describe the typical and atypical abdominal imaging findings in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection reported since now in literature.

scholarly journals Is the Portable Chest Radiographic More Reliable to Reveal Covid19 in Highly Suspicion Patient before Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Test?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 228-236
Author(s):  
Bushra A. A. Albazi ◽  
Dr Noof. Albaz ◽  
Dr Nayef. Alqahtani ◽  
Dr. Angham Salih ◽  
Dr Rafat Mohtasab
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Rate Type ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Pcr Test

A large number of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present at hospitals. There are a limited number of isolation rooms open, and patients must often wait a long time to get a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test done. This necessitates the introduction of effective triage plans. A patient with suspicions is referred to an emergency room (ED) depending on their medical record for a simple physical assessment, blood test findings, and chest imaging.A retrospective study design was conduct at Prince Sultan Medical Military City (PSMMC). Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional board to wave the consent forms since it is a retrospective study. Only the primary investigator has had the data access to the patients’ medical records. The collected patient records were under specific categories, including symptoms score starts from 5 and above, RT-PCR test result done after CXRP imaging, the patient admitted to the emergency department (ED). Excluding all CXRP done after RT-PCR TEST, positive Covid 19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), pediatric patients, and patients with score symptoms were less than five. Two experienced radiologists reviewed the images blindly, and the inter-observer reliability of observations noted by the radiologists was calculated. As for the relationship between the x-ray reading and the RT-PCR test result, our results showed a high correlation between the variables (chi-square χ² = 12.44, with df =1, and p<0.001). The sensitivity of x-ray diagnosing covid19 was 65.52 %, while the specificity was 54.51 %, and the accuracy of radiologists reading was 58.17 %. Furthermore, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 41.76 %, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 76.05%. Finally, the false positive rate (type-i error (alpha) was 45.49%, and the false-negative rate (type-ii error (beta) was 34.48% Our research findings show that CXRP imaging can detect COVID-19 infection in symptomatic patients and can be a valuable addition to RT-PCR testing. In an inpatient ED environment where availability of test kits, laboratory equipment, and laboratory personnel is compromised and risks delaying patient treatment and hospital workflow, serial CXRP could theoretically be used as an adjunct diagnostic function and monitoring in patients suspected of having COVID-19.

scholarly journals MUTASI TITIK F1534C GEN VOLTAGE GATED SODIUM CHANNEL (VGSC) PADA Aedes aegypti DI KELURAHAN PANCUR PUNGAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Fadjar Sidiq Hidayahtullah ◽  
Chairil Anwar ◽  
Dwi Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Mutation Site ◽  
Mosquito Mortality ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test ◽  
F1 Generation

The incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) has increased significantly throughout the world in the last decade. One of the challenges in eradicating DHF is the occurrence of vector resistance to insecticides. This study aimed to looked at the mutation site of the VGSC codon F1534C Aedes aegypti on RT 5 & 6 Pancur Pungah Village, Muara Dua District, Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan Regency as a marker of resistance. The samples in this studied were larvae and pupae of Aedes aegypti. Larvae and pupae were bred into F1 generation and then tested for susceptibility and followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results of the suscepbillity test carried out obtained mosquito mortality of 10.5% so it was categorized resistant based on WHO criteria. Continued PCR test found no mutation point occurred in the VGSC gene mutation point F1534C in Aedes aegypti. Therefore, the possibility of mutations in the VGSC gene is at another mutation point. Keyword: Mutation, Aedes aegypti, F1534C   ABSTRAK Kejadian demam berdarah dengue (DBD) telah meningkat signifikan di seluruh dunia dalam dekade terakhir. Salah satu tantangan dalam pemberantasan DBD adalah kejadian resistensi vektor terhadap insektisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat titi mutasi gen VGSC kodon F1534C Aedes aegypti di RT 5 & 6 Kelurahan Pancur Pungah Kecamatan Muara Dua Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan sebagai penanda terjadinya resistensi. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah larva serta pupa nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Larva dan pupa dibiakkan menjadi generasi F1 lalu dilakukan uji suscepbillity dan dilanjutkan uji polymerase chain reaction (PCR).  Hasil penelitian pada uji  suscepbillity yang dilakukan didapat kematian nyamuk sebesar 10,5% sehingga dikategorikan resisten berdasarkan kriteria WHO. Dilanjutkan uji PCR didapat tidak terjadi titik mutasi pada gen VGSC mutasi titik F1534C pada Aedes aegypti. Oleh karena itu, kemungkinan terjadinya mutasi pada gen VGSC berada pada titik mutasi yang lain. Kata kunci: Mutasi, Aedes aegypti, F1534C

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