scholarly journals Collapse Potential of Loess under Unloading Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xin Jin ◽  
Tie-Hang Wang ◽  
Zai-Kun Zhao ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Yan-Zhou Hao
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Stress Variation ◽  
Collapse Potential ◽  
Evaluation Scheme ◽  
Practical Project ◽  
Collapsible Loess ◽  
Collapse Process

Collapsible loess is generally characterized by a sudden and substantial decrease in volume that occurs when is applied under constant stress. To evaluate the loess collapse potential, the self-weight collapse and collapse coefficients have been defined by the code for building construction in collapsible loess regions. However, the method in the code does not account for the vertical stress variation. The loess collapse process commonly occurs with stress variation in practice. This paper documents a low-cost, quantitative evaluation scheme using regression analysis to evaluate the loess collapse potential by varying the unloading levels. The results show that the factors that prominently account for loess collapse deformation are the initial pressure, unloading ratio, and collapse completed-ratio. At a constant collapse-completed ratio, the remnant collapse coefficient significantly decreases with the decreasing unloading ratio; at a constant unloading ratio, the remnant collapse coefficient increases with a decreasing collapse-completed ratio. Decreasing unloading and collapse-completed ratios decreased the loess collapse potential with an initial pressure that exceeds the threshold value. Finally, an unloading collapse deformation calculation of loess was prepared to analyze practical project problems of loess based on the unloading collapse test.

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF AN AUTOMATED DETECTION OF PHYSICAL DEFECT VIA COMPUTER VISION

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Por Jing Zhao ◽  
Shafriza Nisha Basah ◽  
Shazmin Aniza Abdul Shukor
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Major City ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Kinect Camera ◽  
Wall Condition

High demand of building construction has been taking places in the major city of Malaysia. However, despite this magnificent development, the lack of proper maintenance has caused a large portion of these properties deteriorated over time. The implementation of the project - Automated Detection of Physical Defect via Computer Vision - is a low cost system that helps to inspect the wall condition using Kinect camera. The system is able to classify the types of physical defects -crack and hole - and state its level of severity.The system uses artificial neural network as the image classifier due to its reliability and consistency. The validity of the system is shown using experiments on synthetic and real image data. This automated physical defect detection could detect building defect early, quickly, and easily, which results in cost saving and extending building life span. 

scholarly journals Long-Term Monitoring of Atrazine Contamination in Soil by ELISA

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Kramer ◽  
Johann Lepschy ◽  
Bertold Hock
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sample Throughput ◽  
Atrazine Contamination ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Hplc Data

Abstract An enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used for screening atrazine residues in soil. Samples were annually collected in Southern Germany between 1993 and 1998. An average of 419.5 samples was analyzed per year amounting to 2517 samples. The fraction of positive samples defined by atrazine concentrations >100 μg/kg soil decreased successively from 8% (corresponding to 33 samples) in 1993 to 0.6% (corresponding to 2 samples) in 1998. All positive samples and a selection of negative samples were subsequently validated by HPLC. Comparison of ELISA and HPLC data yielded correlation coefficient values of r= 0.958–0.981 (n= 18–47), except for 1995 when only a correlation of r= 0.864 (n= 18) was obtained. Four samples were overestimated and another 4 were underestimated with respect to the atrazine threshold value of 100 μg/kg soil as revealed by HPLC validation. Thus, 99.68% of 2517 analyzed samples were correctly evaluated. The precision and reproducibility of the ELISA were adequate for a prescreening tool. The low cost per sample and the high sample throughput are not yet achievable by conventional analytical methods. The described combination of ELISA and HPLC has the potential to take advantage of both methods and to restrict determination errors to a minimum.

Behaviour of peat-added composite bricks in low-cost building construction

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (sup6) ◽  
pp. S6-1-S6-5
Author(s):  
Syed Mofachirul Islam ◽  
Roslan Hashim ◽  
A. B. M. Saiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Building Construction

scholarly journals Automatic Threshold on Current based Anti-pinch Mechanism for Power Windows

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Kunto Wibowo ◽  
Seok-Kwon Jeong ◽  
Sam-Sang You ◽  
Lee Jaemin
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Threshold Method ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Safety Mechanism ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Optimal Calculation

<span>In this paper, the automotive power window has been integrated with an advanced safety mechanism called anti-pinch system for good protection. Based on a contact method, a new safety mechanism using a low-cost technology has been proposed to set a threshold value as a limit to decide the pinch condition, or automatic threshold method. The electric current information is easily detected by using current sensor installed on a motor driver without incorporating extra device. Then the pinch condition is quickly reflected and calculated by using current information in the system. Since the automatic threshold is decided by analyzing system behavior in advance, the optimal calculation can be guaranteed and then applied it on the safety mechanism in a cost-effective manner. Through extensive experimental tests, the squeezing forces of the proposed anti-pinch system have been verified to satisfy requirements of the FMVSS 118 regulations.</span>

scholarly journals Smart Mobile Phone Groups - Based Design and Implementation of Vehicle Accident Self-rescue System

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Long Zhao ◽  
Jianwei You ◽  
Nianmin Yao
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Communication Module ◽  
Rescue System ◽  
Smart Mobile Phone ◽  
Smart Mobile

<p class="p1"><span class="s1">Considering the deficiency that the existing automobile accident self-rescue system requires to assemble the specific sensor, GPS and communication module, the author designed a vehicle collision or  crash detection and accident self-rescue system based on the smart mobile phone groups. Taking the acceleration signals of physical moments from the smart mobile phones in the accidents car as the input samples and the assembly of acceleration data as the calculating thresholds, the system can not only improve the accuracy rating of the judgments about the accidents, but can also reduce the unusable distress signals due to the damages to individual vehicle-borne device or mobile phone in severe accidents. When the signals exceed the threshold value, the system can draw support from the functions of video, GPS positioning and 3G networking in the mobile phones automatically to call for help from the rescue center. Meanwhile, a prototype system has been implemented on Android platform. The results of the experiments indicate that the system possesses the advantages of high accuracy of collision or crash recognition, low energy consumption and low cost.</span></p>

scholarly journals Social Distance Monitoring Approach Using Wearable Smart Tags

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 2435
Author(s):  
Tareq Alhmiedat ◽  
Majed Aborokbah
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Human Detection ◽  
Distance Functions ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments

Coronavirus has affected millions of people worldwide, with the rate of infected people still increasing. The virus is transmitted between people through direct, indirect, or close contact with infected people. To help prevent the social transmission of COVID-19, this paper presents a new smart social distance system that allows individuals to keep social distances between others in indoor and outdoor environments, avoiding exposure to COVID-19 and slowing its spread locally and across the country. The proposed smart monitoring system consists of a new smart wearable prototype of a compact and low-cost electronic device, based on human detection and proximity distance functions, to estimate the social distance between people and issue a notification when the social distance is less than a predefined threshold value. The developed social system has been validated through several experiments, and achieved a high acceptance rate (96.1%) and low localization error (<6 m).

scholarly journals Appropriate Green Materials for Affordable Building Construction in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 986-991
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
High Price ◽  
North Central ◽  
Green Materials

There are severe issues for the deficiency of affordable house for low-income earners in developing countries such as Nigeria. The high cost of conventional materials has been established to be one the major factors that heightened the cost of building in recent times. However the integration of green building materials that are relevant and sustainable for building construction in the present dispensation will provide excellent solutions to overcome high price of construction. The study was carried out on all the available green materials in north-central Nigeria. Surveyed instrument was prepared and distributed to building professional experts that are registered member of various professional bodies in the building sector. Four hundred questionnaires were distributed in the north-central zone. Three hundred five questionnaires that were filled correctly was used for the data analyses. Analysis of moments (AMOS) software through the structural equation model (SEM) was used to analysis and generated a model for the study. The result discloses that earth bricks, stone/rocks, timber, Bamboo, thatches, straw fibre, and rice husk are very relevant green materials that can be used to achieve affordable building construction. Therefore, the use and integration of green materials in building construction will produce low cost housing units

Tracking major resources for automated progress monitoring of construction activities: masonry work case

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gursans Guven ◽  
Esin Ergen
Keyword(s):  
Material Handling ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Progress Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Resources ◽  
Field Experimentation

Purpose The purpose of this study is to monitor the progress of construction activities in an automated way by using sensor-based technologies for tracking multiple resources that are used in building construction. Design/methodology/approach An automated on-site progress monitoring approach was proposed and a proof-of-concept prototype was developed, followed by a field experimentation study at a high-rise building construction site. The developed approach was used to integrate sensor data collected from multiple resources used in different steps of an activity. It incorporated the domain-specific heuristics that were related to the site layout conditions and method of activity. Findings The prototype estimated the overall progress with 95% accuracy. More accurate and up-to-date progress measurement was achieved compared to the manual approach, and the need for visual inspections and manual data collection from the field was eliminated. Overall, the field experiments demonstrated that low-cost implementation is possible, if readily available or embedded sensors on equipment are used. Originality/value Previous studies either monitored one particular piece of equipment or the developed approaches were only applicable to limited activity types. This study demonstrated that it is technically feasible to determine progress at the site by fusing sensor data that are collected from multiple resources during the construction of building superstructure. The rule-based reasoning algorithms, which were developed based on a typical work practice of cranes and hoists, can be adapted to other activities that involve transferring bulk materials and use cranes and/or hoists for material handling.

Validation and interpretation of data obtained by the newly developed low-cost Geodetic Integrated Monitoring System (GIMS)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ela Šegina ◽  
Mateja Jemec Auflič ◽  
Tina Peternel ◽  
Matija Zupan ◽  
Jernej Jež ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Rainfall Threshold ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Integrated Monitoring ◽  
The North ◽  
The Wire

&lt;p&gt;Geodetic Integrated Monitoring System (GIMS) has been developed as a low-cost solution for detecting and measuring ground movements (https://www.gims-project.eu/). The prototype has been tested on the landslide on Poto&amp;#353;ka planina in the north of Slovenia that has been monitored by the seven GIMS units. These units, consisting of GNSS receiver and inclinometer, provide live monitoring data with millimetric precision. In this paper, the project consortium presents the first results of the prototype measuring system and estimate its applicability in modern landslides monitoring. The GIMS measurements have been validated by the wire crackmeter located at the site. The data were correlated to the groundwater level in a piezometer and to the amount of precipitation detected at the rain gauge. Results of GIMS units show good comparability to the wire crackmeter measurements and increased precision in detecting variations in landslide movements. The latter enables us to precisely define the rainfall threshold value for the particular landslide as crucial information needed for a reliable early warning system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

Time Discriminating Design for High Precision Pulsed TOF Laser Rangefinder

2011 ◽  
Vol 105-107 ◽  
pp. 1951-1956
Author(s):  
Dong Qing Shen ◽  
Jian Yong Chen ◽  
Wan Cai Li ◽  
Hong Jiang ◽  
Zhen Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Input Signal ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Laser Rangefinder ◽  
Constant Fraction Discriminator

The purpose of a time discriminator is to decide when the input is something you are interested in. It does this by putting out a logic pulse when the input signal meets an adjustable threshold value. A low cost high performance constant fraction discriminator (CFD) for laser rangefinder using pulsed TOF (time of flight) is proposed with the accuracy been improved. The theory of CFD is deduced and discussed and a distance measuring system has been established and experimental evidence is presented to show the feasibility of solving the time walking error problem to amend the precision and improving the environmental applicability, the distance error of +/-0.5mm was observed in the lab condition. The advantages of this instrument are highlighted and the experimental results are presented.

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