scholarly journals Suicide Behavior and Its Predictors in Patients with Schizophrenia in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ayalew ◽  
Semira Defar ◽  
Yared Reta
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suicide Behavior ◽  
History Of ◽  
Suicide Behaviors

Background. People with schizophrenia (PWS) are at greater risk of suicide. However, suicide behaviors that occur in PWS are often overlooked, inadequately characterized, and not consistently integrated into treatment. Despite this burden and consequences in Ethiopia, there is a dearth of studies concerning suicide behavior in PWS. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the magnitude of suicide behavior and its predictors among PWS in Ethiopia. Methods. An institution based cross-sectional study was employed. Data were collected using the structured interviewer-administered questionnaire from a sample of 300 PWS at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital (AMSH). The revised version of Suicide Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ-R) was used to assess suicide behavior in PWS. The data was collected from March 1 to 30, 2019. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of suicidal behavior at 95% confidence level. Statistical significance was declared at p value <0.05. Result. A total of 300 patients with schizophrenia participated in the study. More than two-thirds of 203 (67.7%) of the participants were males, and 116 (38.7%) participants were between the ages of 28 and 37 years. We found that the prevalence of suicide behavior among PWS was 30.3%. Being unemployed ( AOR = 3.65 , CI = 1.32 , 10.05), family history of suicide ( AOR = 3.16 , CI = 1.38 , 7.23), substance use ( AOR = 2.51 , CI = 1.13 , 5.59), current positive psychotic symptoms (hallucination ( AOR = 6.39 , CI = 2.86 , 14.29), and delusion ( AOR = 4.15 , CI = 1.95 , 14.29) and presence of comorbid depression ( AOR = 4.81 , CI = 1.98 , 11.68) were independent significant predictors with suicidal behavior in PWS. Conclusion. The prevalence of suicidal behavior among PWS was found to be high. Hence, designing strategies for early screening and intervention is the most critical prevention strategy of suicide in PWS.

scholarly journals Timely Initiation of Breast Feeding and Associated Factors among Caesarian Section Delivered Mothers in Health Facilities of Dessie City Administration, North Eastern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Roza Shiferaw ◽  
Sisay Eshete Tadesse ◽  
Tefera Chane Mekonnen ◽  
Aregash Abebayehu Zerga
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Timely Initiation ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia

Objective: To assess the magnitude and associated factors of timely initiation of breastfeeding among cesarean section delivered mothers. Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional study was employed among 421 systematically selected mothers from February to June, 2017. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was done using Epi Data and SPSS version 24. Binary logistic regression was computed to identify factors. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistical significance. Result: The magnitude of timely initiation of breast feeding (among mothers who gave birth by cesarean section was 57%. Counseling during antenatal care (AOR = 3.32; 95% CI: 1.80, 6.13), facility where cesarean section (CS) was performed (AOR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.57, 4.14), and post-CS counseling (AOR = 6.93; 95% CI: 3.99, 12.02) were factors that contributed for the practice of timely initiation among cesarean section delivered mothers. Conclusions: The magnitude of TIBF was good. Counseling during ANC, the facility where CS was performed and post-natal advice were factors associated with TIBF. Implementation of baby-friendly hospital initiatives should be strengthened in order to promote timely initiation of breast feeding.

scholarly journals HEMOGLOBIN STATUS OF FEMALE MEDICOS IN URBAN AREA AND FACTORS AFFECTING IT: AN OBSERVATIONAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Drpadmajauday Kumar ◽  
Varsha Kalyanpur
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Nutritional Anemia ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACTObjectives: Estimating the hemoglobin (Hb) status in female medicos through prospective cross-sectional study and assessment of influencing ofcofactors were objectives.Methods: Women medicos who volunteered, consented and met selection criteria were enrolled. Hb level was estimated to diagnose anemia.Relationship with influencing factors was assessed statistically.Result: A total of 100 eligible students were enrolled. Mean age±standard deviation (SD) age of the participants’ was 20.9±3.1 years (17-25 years).Mean±SD Hb was 12.25±1.0189 g% (9.0-16.0 g%). 33 were anemic, and mild anemia (32%) was frequent. There was a history of worm infestation inthree students (3%), who were treated adequately. Nine were on iron supplements of which five were still anemic and were continuing the treatmentby the end of the study. 28 (84.84%) anemic students were not on any iron or hematinic treatment. There was no association between the anemiaand nature of diet, consumption of green leafy vegetables, consumption of coffee/tea after food, smoking/tobacco or alcohol consumption, mother’seducation, socioeconomic status, menstrual factors, and physical exercise. The prevalence of anemia was found to be higher in underweight andoverweight students in comparison to students with normal body mass index.Asymptomatic participants (n=78) outnumbered symptomatic ones(n=22), but without any statistical significance. Easy fatigability (14%), pallor (7%), breathlessness (6%), weakness (9%), and easy bruising (1%)were frequent complaints.Conclusion: Anemia is frequent among women medicos, often underdiagnosed, under-reported, many remaining asymptomatic. Negligence ofmedical students toward their anemic status despite the awareness of consequences of low Hb level is a serious cause of concern.Keywords: Awareness, Hemoglobin, Nutritional anemia, Women medical students.

scholarly journals Infertility and associated factors in three hospitals in Douala, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1985-95
Author(s):  
Thomas Obinchemti Egbe ◽  
Charmaine Ngo Mbaki ◽  
Nicholas Tendongfor ◽  
Elvis Temfack ◽  
Eugene Belley-Priso
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection ◽  
History Of

Aim: We determined the prevalence and factors associated with couple infertility in three hospitals in Douala, Cameroon. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from December 18th 2015 to March 18th 2016 in three public hospitals in Douala. Three hundred and sixty participants were studied prospectively for associated fac- tors using a multivariate logistic regression model and 4732 files were studied retrospectively for the prevalence of infertility. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of couple infertility was 19.2%. In logistic models, the factors which independently increased the risk of couple infertility were a history of reproductive tract infection/STI, a history of uterine fibroids, a history of dys- menorrhea and abortion for the females while for males it was a history of mumps, erectile dysfunction and exposure to chemicals/toxic substances/pesticides. Conclusion: One in every five couples in this study was infertile. Several factors affect the risks associated with couple in- fertility. The identification of these factors could help detect subgroups of couples at high risk of infertility. Reproductive health education, screening programmes for STI’s that may lead to infertility should be offered to couples. Keywords: Couple infertility; prevalence; associated factors; Douala; Cameroon.

scholarly journals The Global Impact of COVID-19 on Craniomaxillofacial Surgeons

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin van der Tas ◽  
Thomas Dodson ◽  
Daniel Buchbinder ◽  
Stefano Fusetti ◽  
Michael Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

Study Design: The COrona VIrus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted craniomaxillofacial (CMF) surgeons practice worldwide. We implemented a cross-sectional study and enrolled a sample of CMF surgeons who completed a survey. Objective: To measure the impact that COVID-19 has had on CMF surgeons by (1) identifying variations that may exist by geographic region and specialty and (2) measuring access to adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) and identify factors associated with limited access to adequate PPE. Methods: Primary outcome variable was availability of adequate PPE for health-care workers (HCWs) in the front line and surgeons. Descriptive and analytic statistics were computed. Level of statistical significance was set at P < .05. Binary logistic regression models were created to identify variables associated with PPE status (adequate or inadequate). Results: Most of the respondents felt that hospitals did not provide adequate PPE to the HCWs (57.3%) with significant regional differences ( P = .04). Most adequate PPE was available to surgeons in North America with the least offered in Africa. Differences in PPE adequacy per region ( P < .001) and per country ( P < .001) were significant. In Africa and South America, regions reporting previous virus outbreaks, the differences in access to adequate PPE evaporated compared to Europe ( P = .18 and P = .15, respectively). Conclusion: The impact of COVID-19 among CMF surgeons is global and adversely affects both clinical practice and personal lives of CMF surgeons. Future surveys should capture what the mid- and long-term impact of the COVID-19 crisis will look like.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Bovine Viral Diarrhea in Improved Cattle of Chitwan, Nawalpur and Rupandehi Districts of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
A. Thapa ◽  
M. P. Acharya ◽  
R. Raut ◽  
S. Rimal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
History Of

  This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in improved dairy cattle of Chitwan, Nawalpur and Rupandehi Districts of Nepal. Altogether 92 blood samples were aseptically collected from jugular vein of cattle and transferred to clot activator tube and transported to National Cattle Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan. This cross sectional study was carried out from Mangsir to Magh of 2075 B.S using purposive sampling Serum separation was done by centrifugation @3500 for 5 minutes. The serum was stored at -20°C till ELISA test was done. Serological analysis was done according to the protocol of ID.vet BVD Ab ELISA kit. Data were analyzed using Ms excel and SPSS version 20.0.The seroprevalence of BVD Virus was found to be 7.76%. Provided that no history of vaccination against BVD in cattle was done in the study area, seropositive was due to natural infection. Geographic location as well as sampling method might have contributed to this result. The result indicated lower prevalence along with no statistical significance to breed and age risk factors undertaken during the research. However significant association was observed between abortion history and seropositivity. Hence, there is a need of further research to identify the disease burden and its impact in the agricultural gross domestic products (AGDP).  

scholarly journals Practice of Eye Checks among Medical Doctors in South-East Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Arinze Anthony Onwuegbuna ◽  
Akunne Ijeoma Apakama ◽  
Miriam-Benigna Chika Amobi ◽  
Emeka Akujuobi Chianakwalam ◽  
Chuka Michael Okosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
History Of

Visual impairment greatly affects one’s quality of life. The number of persons with visual impairment and blindness in the world is on the increase. Eye screening allows for early detection of sight-threatening diseases and timely intervention could be sight-saving.  Aim: To determine the practice of eye checks and identify the factors that affect periodic eye checks among medical doctors in south-east Nigeria. Methodology: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among practicing medical doctors in private and public hospitals in Anambra State Nigeria, using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Information obtained from the participants included the sociodemographics data, type and duration of practice, presence of any medical and/or ocular condition, family history of eye diseases, history of use of spectacles, practice of eye check and interval of eye check, factors affecting the practice of eye check, and ways of promoting regular eye check. Data obtained were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23. Statistical significance was set at p˂0.05.  Results: One hundred and eighty-seven practicing  medical doctors were interviewed. There were 123 (65.8%) males and 64 (34.2%) females. Their ages ranged from 24 to 80 years, with a mean age of 44.81 ± 12.73 years. The mean duration of professional practice was 18.16 ± 11.9 years. Majority, 124 (66.3%) works in government-owned hospitals. Among the study participants, 93(49.7%) doctors had been diagnosed with different ocular diseases; 99(52.9%) had a family history of ocular problems; 94(50.3%) had used prescription lenses; and 51(27.3%) had medical conditions. One hundred and twelve (59.9%) had undergone at least  eye examinations once, of which 54(48.2%) had their last eye examination over 5 years ago. The prevalence of eye check was 59.9% (95%CI: 52.9 – 66.9%). Eye checks were significantly associated with medical practice of over 20 years (P=0.030), working in a private practice (P=0.001), having eye diseases such as cataract (P=0.006), refractive error (P˂0.001), presbyopia (P˂0.001), and use of prescription spectacles (P˂0.001). ‘Belief of not having eye problems’ and ‘No time’ which accounted for 58.7% and 24.0% respectively were the commonest reasons for not regularly  having eye examinations.  Conclusion: Poor attitude to periodic eye examinations was seen in medical doctors in south east Nigeria. 

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon Utilization in Insulin-Treated Diabetic Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (08) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marino Vilovic ◽  
Tina Ticinovic Kurir ◽  
Anela Novak ◽  
Mladen Krnic ◽  
Josip Andelo Borovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Hypoglycemic Episode ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Choice ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background First choice of therapy for severe hypoglycemia outside hospital environment is glucagon injection, an undertaught and underused remedy. Aim of this study was to investigate knowledge about glucagon therapy, possession rate and usage rate in insulin-treated diabetic patients, with special emphasis on history of hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemia episodes. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 300 insulin-treated diabetic patients (146 males and 154 females, mean age 61.1±16.4 years) were recruited from comprehensive Diabetes Center in Croatia. Specialized self-administered, 13-item questionnaire regarding glucagon therapy and history of hypoglycemia was obtained from each patient, as well as data collected from medical history documentation. Results Experience of hypoglycemic episode was reported by 233 (77.7%), and severe hypoglycemia by 73 (24.3%) patients. Participants with experience of hypoglycemia have significantly longer diabetes duration (17.2±11.2 vs. 11.9±8.5 years, P<0.001) and lower BMI values (26.38±3.97 vs. 31.11±7.17 kg/m2, P<0.001). Knowledge about glucagon therapy had 55.3% patients, 44.7% obtained it from the pharmacy, while glucagon was used in 35.6% cases of severe hypoglycemia. Glucagon knowledge was better in patients that attended at least one diabetes lecture (P=0.038), while educational level showed no statistical significance (P=0.286). Main significant positive predictor of glucagon knowledge was history of severe hypoglycemia (OR 4.71, 95% CI 1.38 – 16.02, P=0.013). Conclusions Glucagon therapy was underused in treating severe hypoglycemia. It is highly important to emphasize value of quality education as one of the fundamentals of good diabetes management.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Microalbuminuria in Nondiabetic Hypertensive Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Amdadul Haque ◽  
Mahmud Javed Hasan ◽  
Md Asaduzzaman Raja ◽  
Md Aminul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
History Of

The aim of this study to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria as well as associated factors in non-diabetic hypertensive patients. Hospital-based cross sectional study. Main outcome of measure is microalbuminuria. A total of 100 nondiabetic hypertensive patients age 18 years without a history of pre-existing kidney disease attending the outpatient department of Community Based Medical College Bangladesh, Mymensingh over a period 6 months from June to December 2014 and who consented and met the criteria were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire including clinical and laboratory data was completed for all cases. The survey data were checked, coded and entered into a SPSS statistical package (Version 11.5). All variables were tested for normal distribution of the data. The data were then cleaned and analyzed using Chi-square (x2) Test, One-Way ANOVA statistics and Binary logistic regression model. Results were considered statistically significant for two-sided P values of <0.05. The overall prevalence of microalbuminuria was 17% of patients (11(64.7%) were male and 6(35.3%) female). The mean age and BMI were 49.2±9.1 years and 23.5±3.8 kg/m2 respectively. There were only 2(2%) patients whose systolic BP and diastolic BP were both well controlled (<140/˂90 mmHg), while normalization rates of either systolic BP (<140 mmHg) or diastolic BP (<90 mmHg) were 10% and 26% respectively. Age 50 years, low HDL, duration of HTN and triglyceride >150 mg/dl were found independent predictors of elevated UAE with ORs being 0.18, 3.9, 0.13 and 0.49 respectively. Microalbuminuria was not uncommon in non-diabetic hypertensive patients and older age, low HDL, high LDL, raised triglyceride and duration of HTN were significant predictors of microalbuminuria. There is an urgent need to screening of microalbuminuria should be mainstreamed into routine investigation and follow-up of patients with HBP. CBMJ 2014 July: Vol. 03 No. 02 P: 15-22

Seizure following acute hemolysis caused by Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Deficiency

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Darbandi ◽  
Simin Sajudi ◽  
Vahid Aminzadeh ◽  
Kioomars Golshekan ◽  
Afagh Hassanzadeh Rad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Dehydrogenase Deficiency ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Background: Storage of platelet concentrates (PCs) at room temperature (20-24°C) limits its storage time to 5 Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common inherited enzyme deficiency of the human red blood cells . Most of G6PD deficient individuals are asymptomatic, but acute hemolytic anemia may be presented with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, jaundice, pallor, discoloration of the urine, chills, and fever. Seizure is reported as a rare symptom, as well. The present study aimed to investigate seizure following acute hemolysis caused by Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Material and Methods:  This analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on all consecutive patients aged 1-12 years with G6PD deficiency hospitalized for hemolysis in 17 Shahrivar children hospital, Rasht, Iran, in 2016. Demographic characteristics and other variables such as place of inhabitants, type of drinking water, history of seizure in the patients and family, cause of hemolysis, hemoglobin level and hemoglobinuria on admission, and infection history prior to hemolysis were recorded. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and Fischer Exact Test.  P-value < 0.05 indicated statistical significance and data were assessed by SPSS (version 20). Results:  The youngest patient was one year old and the oldest was 11 years old. Most of them were males (68.9%). Out of 244 patients, 8 ones (3.3%) experienced seizure. There was a significant correlation between seizure occurrence and family history of seizure (p=0.03) as well as fava bean consumption (p=0.019) as the causes of hemolysis; but not with infection as the cause of hemolysis, hemoglobin or hemoglobinuria level on admission, types of drinking water, place of living, and gender. Methemoglobinemia was considered as the main cause of the seizure. Conclusion: Although the rate of seizure was not so high (3.3%), it seems that seizure can be a critical and potentially life-threatening complication in these patients. Environmental factors may also play a role in the pathogenesis of the seizure in these patients.

The characteristics of psychotic features in bipolar disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 2036-2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annet H. van Bergen ◽  
Sanne Verkooijen ◽  
Annabel Vreeker ◽  
Lucija Abramovic ◽  
Manon H. Hillegers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychotic Features

AbstractBackgroundIn a large and comprehensively assessed sample of patients with bipolar disorder type I (BDI), we investigated the prevalence of psychotic features and their relationship with life course, demographic, clinical, and cognitive characteristics. We hypothesized that groups of psychotic symptoms (Schneiderian, mood incongruent, thought disorder, delusions, and hallucinations) have distinct relations to risk factors.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study of 1342 BDI patients, comprehensive demographical and clinical characteristics were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I) interview. In addition, levels of childhood maltreatment and intelligence quotient (IQ) were assessed. The relationships between these characteristics and psychotic symptoms were analyzed using multiple general linear models.ResultsA lifetime history of psychotic symptoms was present in 73.8% of BDI patients and included delusions in 68.9% of patients and hallucinations in 42.6%. Patients with psychotic symptoms showed a significant younger age of disease onset (β = −0.09, t = −3.38, p = 0.001) and a higher number of hospitalizations for manic episodes (F11 338 = 56.53, p < 0.001). Total IQ was comparable between groups. Patients with hallucinations had significant higher levels of childhood maltreatment (β = 0.09, t = 3.04, p = 0.002).ConclusionsIn this large cohort of BDI patients, the vast majority of patients had experienced psychotic symptoms. Psychotic symptoms in BDI were associated with an earlier disease onset and more frequent hospitalizations particularly for manic episodes. The study emphasizes the strength of the relation between childhood maltreatment and hallucinations but did not identify distinct subgroups based on psychotic features and instead reported of a large heterogeneity of psychotic symptoms in BD.

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