scholarly journals A Bilevel Programming Location Approach to Regional Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment Collection Centers: A Study in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Honglei Li ◽  
Yi Lu
Keyword(s):  
Bilevel Programming ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Stable Convergence ◽  
Recycling System ◽  
Weee Recycling ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Electric Equipment ◽  
The Developed Countries

As one of the largest markets of electronic and electric equipment, China has not completely established the formal recycling system of WEEE compared with the developed countries. As a result, China is facing the huge challenge of resource waste and water/soil environmental pollution. In this paper, according to the current regulations on WEEE recycling and disposal issued by Chinese government, the business model of the Chinese WEEE recycling system was designed, and a bilevel programming-based model was proposed to help the disposal factories to establish the regional efficient and economical WEEE recycling network. This model addressed the optimization of bilateral benefits of disposal factories and the third-party recycling agencies/stations. An experiment based on a regional WEEE recycling business data was solved by the NSGA algorithm to validate the proposed model. With the result, the proposed model was compared with the related studies on Chinese WEEE recycling network planning. With the comparison and the analysis on the experiment result, it was found that the proposed model had considerably stable convergence and optimization performance, which proved that this model can be regarded as a useful tool to the planning of the Chinese regional WEEE recycling network. In the last part, the future improvement of the proposed model was also discussed.

Research on Recycling Management Model for Traction Batteries of Electric Vehicles

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 358-363
Author(s):  
Yang Gao ◽  
Yu Ke Li ◽  
Song Quan Wu ◽  
Yi Fang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Management System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Recycling System ◽  
Battery Recycling ◽  
Resource Recycling ◽  
The Developed Countries

Now, the renewable resources recycling system do not include the traction battery recycling in China, and there are also some problems in the existed recycling system. In the field of resource recycling, especially for battery recycling, the management system, laws and regulations, and technical standards have been behind of the developed countries. This paper from producers self-establish the recycling system, producers alliance self-establish the recycling system and producers recycling business commission mode to discuss the recycling model for traction battery.

A Proposed Model to Enhance Crisis Management Capabilities of Electricity Production and Supply Companies in Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maqsood Haider ◽  
Amran Rasli
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Electricity Crisis ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Management Capabilities

Crisis management (CM) is considered to be of growing importance in the management of utilities. A wealth of literature on crisis stresses on the need to enhance crisis management capabilities such as decision making, and leadership. Such capabilities are already in practice in the developed countries but have been mostly ignored in developing countries like Pakistan. Because of the neglect of the crisis management capabilities particularly in relation to utilities, Pakistan is facing acute shortage of electricity which is the life and blood of the industrial development in the country. Due to the electricity crisis, many of the industries have been forced to shut down and hundreds of thousands have become unemployed. The present study is an attempt to propose a framework that would help enhance the crisis management  capabilities of the companies involved in electricity production and supply. A comprehensive review of literature has been carried out in order to propose a conceptual framework accordingly. 

scholarly journals The evolution of robotics in China: accumulated experience and prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 01030
Author(s):  
Marina S. Reshetnikova ◽  
Irina A. Pugacheva ◽  
Yulia D. Lukina
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Automotive Electronics ◽  
Technological Growth ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Global Indicators

In the context of globalization and the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), the development of robotics and AI has become one of the most important factors of economic and technological growth. A leadership race has already unfolded between the developed countries. Today, China is the undisputed leader in this industry and the largest consumer of industrial robots, but this was not always the case. To achieve leadership in this sphere, the Chinese government supports robotics startups in automotive, electronics, and logistics. The support is provided in the form of tax incentives and subsidies for R&D. The purpose of the research was to forecast the industrial robots' market in China and answer whether it will keep its position in the future. The carried study showed that the market of industrial robots in China is increasing, significantly outpacing the dynamics of global indicators. The decline in the growth of the Chinese robotics market indicators can be explained by the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and trade tensions between the market leaders: China and the United States.

scholarly journals Does corporate internationalization contribute to companies’ operational efficiency? Evidence form Russian companies

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Dmitry Shcherbakov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Diversification ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Return On Capital ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Corporate International Diversification ◽  
Corporate Internationalization

Authors: Dmitry Y. Shcherbakov Corporate international diversification has become a widely used growth strategy. However, the majority of scientific researches insist on its value-destroying pattern. As most of these researches are focused on companies from the developed countries the experience of companies from developing countries remains fairly unexplored.The current paper proposes an estimation of internalization-performance relationship from operational efficiency prospect. The proposed model has been empirically tested on a sample of large Russian companies. The results identify a non-linear U-shape relationship between a degree of internationalization and companies’ return on capital employed. Overall for the majority of companies international diversification refers to diminish in operational efficiency.

How to Assure Stable Development in Unstable Financial Environment?

2007 ◽  
pp. 4-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Stock Market ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Financial Environment

Growing involvement of Russian economy in international economic sphere increases the role of external risks. Financial problems which the developed countries are encountered with today result in volatility of Russian stock market, liquidity problems for banks, unstable prices. These factors in total may put longer-term prospects of economic growth in jeopardy. Monetary, foreign exchange and stock market mechanisms become the centerpiece of economic policy approaches which should provide for stable development in the shaky environment.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

Power Generation for India with Higher Efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Umeshkannan P ◽  
Muthurajan KG
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Potential Demand ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Nations

The developed countries are consuming more amount of energy in all forms including electricity continuously with advanced technologies.  Developing  nation’s  energy usage trend rises quickly but very less in comparison with their population and  their  method of generating power is not  seems  to  be  as  advanced  as  developed  nations. The   objective   function   of   this   linear   programming model is to maximize the average efficiency of power generation inIndia for 2020 by giving preference to energy efficient technologies. This model is subjected to various constraints like potential, demand, running cost and Hydrogen / Carbon ratio, isolated load, emission and already installed capacities. Tora package is used to solve this linear program. Coal,  Gas,  Hydro  and  Nuclear  sources can are  supply around 87 %  of  power  requirement .  It’s concluded that we can produce power  at  overall  efficiency  of  37%  while  meeting  a  huge demand  of  13,00,000  GWh  of  electricity.  The objective function shows the scenario of highaverage efficiency with presence of 9% renewables. Maximum value   is   restricted   by   low   renewable   source’s efficiencies, emission constraints on fossil fuels and cost restriction on some of efficient technologies. This    model    shows    that    maximum    18%    of    total requirement   can   be   met   by   renewable itself which reduces average efficiency to 35.8%.   Improving technologies  of  renewable  sources  and  necessary  capacity addition  to  them in  regular  interval  will  enhance  their  role and existence against fossil fuels in future. The work involves conceptualizing, modeling, gathering information for data’s to be used in model for problem solving and presenting different scenarios for same objective.

International Economic Assistance in the 1970's — A Critique of Partners in Development (Review Article)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-490
Author(s):  
Nurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Service Charge ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Defence Expenditure

Foreign economic aid is at the cross-roads. There is an atmosphere of gloom and disenchantment surrounding international aid in both the developed and developing countries — more so in the former than in the latter. Doubts have grown in the developed countries, especially among the conservatives in these countries, as to the effectiveness of aid in promoting economic development, the wastes and inefficiency involved in the use of aid, the adequacy of self-help on the part of the recipient countries in husbanding and mobilising their own resources for development and the dangers of getting involved, through ex¬tensive foreign-aid operations, in military or diplomatic conflicts. The waning of confidence on the part of the donors in the rationale of foreign aid has been accentuated by an increasing concern with their domestic problems as well as by the occurrence of armed conflicts among the poor, aid-recipient countries strengthened by substantial defence expenditure that diverts resources away from development. The disenchantment on the part of the recipient countries is, on the other hand, associated with the inadequacy of aid, the stop-go nature of its flow in many cases, and the intrusion of noneconomic considerations governing the allocation of aid amongst the recipient countries. There is a reaction in the developing countries against the dependence, political and eco¬nomic, which heavy reliance on foreign aid generates. The threat of the in¬creasing burden of debt-service charge haunts the developing world and brings them back to the donors for renewed assistance and/or debt rescheduling.

PENGARUH INFRASTRUKTUR SECARA SPASIAL TERHADAP KONVERGENSI PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA

INFO ARTHA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Anisa Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regional Economics ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Neoclassical Growth Theory

Motivated by inter-regional disparities condition that occurs persistently, this study examines the Indonesian economy in the long run in order to know whether it tends to converge or diverge. This convergence is based on the Solow Neoclassical growth theory assuming the existence of diminishing returns to capital so that when the developed countries reach steady state conditions, developing countries will continuously grow up to 'catch-up' with developed countries. Based on regional economics perspective, each region can not be treated as a stand-alone unit,therefore, this study also focuses on the influence of spatial dependency and infrastructure. Economical and political situations of a region will influence policy in that region which will also have an impact to the neighboring regions. The estimation results of spatial cross-regressive model using fixed effect method consistently confirmed that the Indonesian economy in the long term will likely converge with a speed of 8.08 percent per year. Other findings are road infrastructure has a positive effect on economic growth and investment and road infrastructure are spatially showed a positive effect on economic growth. In other words, the investment and infrastructure of a region does not only affect the economic growth of that region but also to the economy of the contiguous regions. 

OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF LOBISTRY ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE: REALITIES TODAY AND EVOLUTIONARY FORECAST

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 329-339
Author(s):  
Tikhon Sergeyevich Yarovoy
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Industrial Groups

The article is devoted to the research of goals and functions of lobbying activity. The author has processed the ideas of domestic and foreign scientists, proposed his own approaches to the definition of goals and functions of lobbying activities through the prism of public administration. As a result, a generalized vision of the goals and functions of lobbying activities as interrelated elements of the lobbying system was proposed, and a forecast for further evolution of the goals and functions of domestic lobbying was provided. The analysis of lobbying functions allowed us to notice the tendencies in shifting the goals of this activity. If the objectives were fully covered by functions such as mediation between citizens and the state, the information function and the function of organizing plurality of public interests, then the role of strengthening the self-organization of civil society and the function of compromise become increasingly important in the process of formation in the developed countries of civil society and the development of telecommunication technologies. Ukrainian lobbyism will not be left to the side of this process. Already, politicians of the highest level, leaders of financial and industrial groups have to act, adjust their goals (even if they are — declared), taking into account the reaction of the public. In the future, this trend will only increase. The analysis of current research and political events provides all grounds for believing that, while proper regulatory legislation is being formed in Ukraine, the goals and functions of domestic lobbying will essentially shift towards a compromise with the public. It is noted that in spite of the existence of a basic direction of action, lobbying may have several ramified goals. Guided by the goals set, lobbyism can manifest itself in various spheres of the political system of society, combining the closely intertwined interests of various actors in the lobbying process, or even — contrasting them.

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