scholarly journals Lycopene Ameliorates Liver Inflammation and Redox Status in Mice Exposed to Long-Term Cigarette Smoke

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Daniela Fonseca Abdo Rocha ◽  
Pedro Alves Machado-Junior ◽  
Ana Beatriz Farias Souza ◽  
Thalles de Freitas Castro ◽  
Guilherme de Paula Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Collagen Accumulation ◽  
Biological Transformation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Exogenous Substances

Cigarette smoke (CS) is the major cause of preventable death worldwide, and it can also cause damage to extrapulmonary organs, such as the liver, mainly due the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The liver is an essential organ for human survival since it is mainly responsible for the body metabolism and among other things and it is the place where many endogenous and exogenous substances undergo biological transformation. Lycopene is a nonprovitamin A carotenoid found in red fruits and vegetables, and its role as a potent antioxidant is well known. In this study, we hypothesized that lycopene could protect mouse liver against long-term CS exposure. Thirty C57BL/6 mice were exposed to twelve cigarette smoke (12 cigarettes per day) for 60 days and pretreated with 25 mg/kg/day or 50 mg/kg/day of lycopene via orogastric gavage. After euthanasia, the hepatic tissue was collected for histopathological, antioxidant defense, oxidative stress, inflammatory, and collagen deposition analysis. Our analysis demonstrated that lycopene results in a suitable outcome to ameliorate the pathological changes, inflammatory and antioxidant profile in a mouse model of long-term CS exposure, and collagen accumulation in the hepatic extracellular matrix. This study demonstrates for the first time that supplementation of lycopene can be a possible pharmacological tool for the treatment of hepatic damage caused by exposure to long-term CS.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Nutrition to Boost Immune System to Fight Infection

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Syed M. Shahid ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Jawed ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Scientific Significance ◽  
Global Population

The immunity and immune system functions to fight against infections are significantly impacted by inappropriate food and nutrition. Long term malnutrition is universally considered as the leading cause of immune system deficiency. A substantial proportion of the global population does not meet the recommended daily intake of nutrients. The COVID-19 pandemic has focused attention on the role of the immune system, with health scientists and nutritionists urging people to take supplements and/or eat particular foods (nutrients) to super-charge their immune systems.The immune system is the most complex system of human body. This system is made up of a complex network of structural and functional units like cells, molecules, tissues and organs all working together to safeguard the body as a whole.This precise review provides a chance to go through the efficacy, efficiency and scientific significance of nutritional components and relevant food (especially fruits and vegetables). This will help you keep appropriate food items in your daily meals so that you can get a progressive increment in your body’s defence mechanisms and immunity to fight appropriately against COVID-19. This will also help to decrease your risk for catching the viral infection and/or reducing the chances of having complications from COVID-19.

scholarly journals Upaya Pengurangan Konsumsi Junk Food untuk Menurunkan Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiana Nirmala Mukti Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Water ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
The Body ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Limited Food ◽  
Excessive Consumption

Junk food has become part of the lifestyle of today's society. People choose junk food because it is practical and tastes good. Junk food is available in various kinds of food and beverage products that are packaged and advertised attractively. However, junk food does not provide balanced nutritional content. Junk food contains calories that exceed the daily needs of the body, but lack of other nutritional necessities, such as vitamins and minerals. The excessive consumption of junk food in the long term might increase the risk of various non-communicable diseases, such as hypertension, organ dysfunction, and diabetes. Many kinds of methods can be done to reduce junk food consumption, for examples, limiting junk food purchase, eating fruits and vegetables, increasing mineral water consumption, fasting, and etcetera. Even so, people still experience many challenges in their efforts to go on healthier eating patterns, for instances, the temptations from the surrounding environment, too many activities, lack of self-discipline, and limited food choices.

scholarly journals Chronic Sulfasalazine Treatment in Mice Induces System xc− - Independent Adverse Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Verbruggen ◽  
Lindsay Sprimont ◽  
Eduard Bentea ◽  
Pauline Janssen ◽  
Azzedine Gharib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
First Time

Despite ample evidence for the therapeutic potential of inhibition of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc− in neurological disorders and in cancer, none of the proposed inhibitors is selective. In this context, a lot of research has been performed using the EMA- and FDA-approved drug sulfasalazine (SAS). Even though this molecule is already on the market for decades as an anti-inflammatory drug, serious side effects due to its use have been reported. Whereas for the treatment of the main indications, SAS needs to be cleaved in the intestine into the anti-inflammatory compound mesalazine, it needs to reach the systemic circulation in its intact form to allow inhibition of system xc−. The higher plasma levels of intact SAS (or its metabolites) might induce adverse effects, independent of its action on system xc−. Some of these effects have however been attributed to system xc− inhibition, calling into question the safety of targeting system xc−. In this study we chronically treated system xc− - deficient mice and their wildtype littermates with two different doses of SAS (160 mg/kg twice daily or 320 mg/kg once daily, i.p.) and studied some of the adverse effects that were previously reported. SAS had a negative impact on the survival rate, the body weight, the thermoregulation and/or stress reaction of mice of both genotypes, and thus independent of its inhibitory action on system xc−. While SAS decreased the total distance travelled in the open-field test the first time the mice encountered the test, it did not influence this parameter on the long-term and it did not induce other behavioral changes such as anxiety- or depressive-like behavior. Finally, no major histological abnormalities were observed in the spinal cord. To conclude, we were unable to identify any undesirable system xc−-dependent effect of chronic administration of SAS.

scholarly journals SUN-540 Inflammasome Components After Bariatric Surgery: Novel Targets for a Chronic Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aura D Herrera-Martinez ◽  
Vicente Herrero Aguayo ◽  
Prudencio Sez ◽  
Juan L López-Cánovas ◽  
Fernando L-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Type2 Diabetes ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Metabolic Comorbidities

Abstract Background: Obesity is a metabolic chronic disease with important associated morbidity and mortality. Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective treatment for keeping long-term weight loss in severe obesity and consequently decreases obesity-related complications including inflammation. Aim: to explore changes in the inflammasome components after BS and their relations with clinical and biochemical parameters at baseline and six months after surgery. Patients and methods: 22 patients that underwent BS (sleeve gastrectomy and roux-en-Y gastric bypass) were included. Epidemiological, clinical, anthropometric and biochemical evaluation was performed. Four groups of inflammasome components and inflammatory associated factors were evaluated: NOD-like receptors; inflammasome activation components; cytoquines and inflammation/apoptosis related components; and cell-cycle and DNA-damage regulators. Clinical-molecular correlations and associations were for the first time performed in a cohort of patients with morbid obesity that underwent BS. Results: The four groups of inflammasome components were dysregulated after BS. The mRNA expression of several factors was markedly decreased after BS, specially CXCL3, CCL8, TLR4, NLRC4 and NLRP12. Most changes were independent of the performed surgical technique. Inflammasome components displayed several clinical and biochemical correlations including the presence of baseline metabolic comorbidities (type2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypetension) and the body composition. Conclusion: the regulation of several inflammasome system components may explain the improvement and reversion of some obesity-related comorbidities after BS.

scholarly journals Upaya Pengurangan Konsumsi Junk Food untuk Menurunkan Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiana Nirmala Mukti Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Water ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
The Body ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Limited Food ◽  
Excessive Consumption

Junk food has become part of the lifestyle of today's society. People choose junk food because it is practical and tastes good. Junk food is available in various kinds of food and beverage products that are packaged and advertised attractively. However, junk food does not provide balanced nutritional content. Junk food contains calories that exceed the daily needs of the body, but lack of other nutritional necessities, such as vitamins and minerals. The excessive consumption of junk food in the long term might increase the risk of various non-communicable diseases, such as hypertension, organ dysfunction, and diabetes. Many kinds of methods can be done to reduce junk food consumption, for examples, limiting junk food purchase, eating fruits and vegetables, increasing mineral water consumption, fasting, and etcetera. Even so, people still experience many challenges in their efforts to go on healthier eating patterns, for instances, the temptations from the surrounding environment, too many activities, lack of self-discipline, and limited food choices.

The significance of biologically active zones of the skin in the electric exchange of the body with the external environment (on the example, operational damage)

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Новикова ◽  
E. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Functional System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Active Zones ◽  
First Time

This work is devoted to the phenomenon occurring in long-term damage to the biologically active zones (BAZ) by metal spokes and leading to local and general disorders of the organism corresponding to the specific damaged BAZ. On a large clinical material of the application of the apparatuses for external trans-osseous fixation for the treatment of injuries of bones and joints, the author found the phenomenon of energetic exchange between the organism and environment, occurring through BAZ and representing a link of the functional system of adaptive regulation. This allows to attribute the disorders of the normal energetic exchange due to the skin damage, to important pathogenetic factors that must be considered in the treatment of trauma patients. For the first time, the nature of some complications developing in long-term trauma of BAZ, is established and scientifically proven. For the first time in academic medicine, the position on the role of BAZ as a functional system of adaptive regulation of the human body, is proposed and experimentally substantiated.

Evaluation of the ef ectiveness of alimentary correction of pathological changes in hepatic tissue under the inf uence of industrial copper-containing dust in the experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 438-443
Author(s):  
Hamida R. Abdikadirova ◽  
Kymbat E. Amreeva ◽  
Marat G. Kalishev ◽  
Saule B. Zhautikova
Keyword(s):  
Copper Content ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Subsequent Transformation ◽  
Metallurgical Combine

The results of comparative studies of the long-term ef ect (dynamics) of polymetallic dust containing 0.6% copper in the shops of Balkhash mining and metallurgical combine on the liver of rats are presented. These data on the action of dust with a predominant copper content of 0.6% give reason to assert that in the liver for 30 days there were changes in the structure, which were ref ected by metabolic rearrangements and are characterized as a failure of adaptation. The phenomena of hepatitis also took place on day 90, but these changes led to a decrease in the rate of metabolic processes. Microscopic examination showed that long-term exposure to polymetallic dust with a copper concentration of 0.6% in the body leads to signif cant changes in the liver reactive character, followed by transformation into hepatitis portal type. There is an accumulation of copper in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes; on day 90, the number of dust particles in rat hepatocytes increases by 2.25 times compared to 30 days of the experiment. T is can be explained by the inhibition of the phagocytic function of liver macrophages and ways to eliminate dust from the body. The lat er, in turn, leads to functional and metabolic damage to the structural component of the organ. It should be noted that an important role in the neutralization and removal of copper from the cell belongs to lysosomes. T ere is an assumption that copper damages lysosomal membranes and stimulates the release of enzymes from lysosomes due to a decrease in the number of mitochondria in the cell or inhibition of their enzymes. Thus, the ef ects of polymetallic dust with a copper concentration of 0.6% in the body in the early stages leads to changes in the liver, in the form of reactive hepatitis with subsequent transformation into portal-type hepatitis. The use of alimentary corrections slows down the development of post-necrotic f brosis in the liver, and there was a signif cant decrease in the volume fraction of f brotic liver tissue.

scholarly journals Oxide minerals of Kaavi kimberlites (Finland)

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
N. S. Azarova ◽  
A. V. Bovkun ◽  
V. K. Garanin ◽  
D. A. Varlamov ◽  
H. L. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Kimberlite Pipe ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tio2 Content ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Oxide Minerals ◽  
First Time

The mineralogical and petrogeochemical features of the Neoproterozoic kimberlite rocks of the Lahtojoki and Niilonsuo pipes of the Kaavi cluster (Kaavi-Kuopio, Finland) have been studied, differences in their petrogeochemical composition, quantitative and chemical composition of oxide minerals of deep (mantle) and kimberlite genesis have been revealed. The kimberlites of the pipes are moderately titanic, but the TiO2 content in the kimberlites of Niilonsuo is higher (2.11 wt.%) than in the kimberlites from the breccia of the Lahtojoki pipe (1.07 wt.%). The kimberlites of the Niilonsuo pipe also differ in higher concentrations of Fe2 O3 , Ca, P, K, Rb, V, Nb, Ba, Th, U, Ta and REE. In the Lahtojoki kimberlite breccias the main TiO2 concentrator mineral is magnesian ilmenite (13,3—15,2 wt.% MgO; 0,5—4,4 wt.% Cr2 O3 ), (macrocrysts up to 4 mm); the fine-grained matrix of rocks contains small grains of rutile, chromespinelides, Mn-ilmenite and sometimes titanomagnetite. Macrocrystals of magnesian ilmenite have been not found in the kimberlites of the Niilonsuo pipe, perovskite acts as the main mineral of titanium, and chromespinelids and titanomagnetite are less common. Long-term crystallization of relatively large (up to 200 μm) perovskite grains proceeded according to estimates using an Nb-Fe-perovskite oxybarometer under a wide range of oxygen fugacity (fо2 ) of the kimberlite melt (NNO from -3,8 to 5,1). Chromespinelids from the groundmass of kimberlite pipe rocks differ in composition, but have the same specific zonality — enrichment of Al and Mg in the edge zones of crystals, which is possibly due to the dissolution of phlogopite phenocrysts in the rising kimberlite melt. In addition to oxide minerals, djerfisherite is widely distributed in the groundmass of kimberlites of the Niilonsuo pipe, the composition of which for the rocks of the body has been described for the first time. The combination of features of oxide mineralization indicates unfavorable conditions for the preservation of diamonds during their transportation by kimberlite melt.

Defining the Competence of Psychologists with a View to Public Accountability *

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ype H. Poortinga ◽  
Ingrid Lunt
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

In national codes of ethics the practice of psychology is presented as rooted in scientific knowledge, professional skills, and experience. However, it is not self-evident that the body of scientific knowledge in psychology provides an adequate basis for current professional practice. Professional training and experience are seen as necessary for the application of psychological knowledge, but they appear insufficient to defend the soundness of one's practices when challenged in judicial proceedings of a kind that may be faced by psychologists in the European Union in the not too distant future. In seeking to define the basis for the professional competence of psychologists, this article recommends taking a position of modesty concerning the scope and effectiveness of psychological interventions. In many circumstances, psychologists can only provide partial advice, narrowing down the range of possible courses of action more by eliminating unpromising ones than by pointing out the most correct or most favorable one. By emphasizing rigorous evaluation, the profession should gain in accountability and, in the long term, in respectability.

Somatic Embryogenesis and In vitro Plant Regeneration in Vigna trilobata (L.) Verd. - A Potential Pasture Legume

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
K. Choudhary ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
M. S. Rathore ◽  
N. S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pasture Legume

This long term study demonstrates for the first time that it is possible to propagate embryogenic Vigna trilobata and to subsequently initiate the differentiation of embryos into complete plantlets. Initiation of callus was possible on 2,4-D. Somatic embryos differentiated on modified MS basal nutrient medium with 1.0 mg/l  of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l  of Kn. Sustained cell division resulted in globular and heart shape stages of somatic embryos. Transfer of embryos on to a fresh modified MS basal medium with 0.5 mg/l of Kn and 0.5 mg/l of GA3 helped them to attain maturation and germination. However, the propagation of cells, as well as the differentiation of embryos, were inhibited by a continuous application of these growth regulators. For this reason, a long period on medium lacking these growth regulators was necessary before the differentiation of embryos occurred again. The consequences for improving the propagation of embryogenic cultures in Vigna species are discussed. Key words: Pasture  legume, Vigna trilobata, Globular, Heart shape, somatic embryogenesis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i1.4990 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(1): 89-99, 2009 (June)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document