scholarly journals Oxide minerals of Kaavi kimberlites (Finland)

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
N. S. Azarova ◽  
A. V. Bovkun ◽  
V. K. Garanin ◽  
D. A. Varlamov ◽  
H. L. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Kimberlite Pipe ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tio2 Content ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Oxide Minerals ◽  
First Time

The mineralogical and petrogeochemical features of the Neoproterozoic kimberlite rocks of the Lahtojoki and Niilonsuo pipes of the Kaavi cluster (Kaavi-Kuopio, Finland) have been studied, differences in their petrogeochemical composition, quantitative and chemical composition of oxide minerals of deep (mantle) and kimberlite genesis have been revealed. The kimberlites of the pipes are moderately titanic, but the TiO2 content in the kimberlites of Niilonsuo is higher (2.11 wt.%) than in the kimberlites from the breccia of the Lahtojoki pipe (1.07 wt.%). The kimberlites of the Niilonsuo pipe also differ in higher concentrations of Fe2 O3 , Ca, P, K, Rb, V, Nb, Ba, Th, U, Ta and REE. In the Lahtojoki kimberlite breccias the main TiO2 concentrator mineral is magnesian ilmenite (13,3—15,2 wt.% MgO; 0,5—4,4 wt.% Cr2 O3 ), (macrocrysts up to 4 mm); the fine-grained matrix of rocks contains small grains of rutile, chromespinelides, Mn-ilmenite and sometimes titanomagnetite. Macrocrystals of magnesian ilmenite have been not found in the kimberlites of the Niilonsuo pipe, perovskite acts as the main mineral of titanium, and chromespinelids and titanomagnetite are less common. Long-term crystallization of relatively large (up to 200 μm) perovskite grains proceeded according to estimates using an Nb-Fe-perovskite oxybarometer under a wide range of oxygen fugacity (fо2 ) of the kimberlite melt (NNO from -3,8 to 5,1). Chromespinelids from the groundmass of kimberlite pipe rocks differ in composition, but have the same specific zonality — enrichment of Al and Mg in the edge zones of crystals, which is possibly due to the dissolution of phlogopite phenocrysts in the rising kimberlite melt. In addition to oxide minerals, djerfisherite is widely distributed in the groundmass of kimberlites of the Niilonsuo pipe, the composition of which for the rocks of the body has been described for the first time. The combination of features of oxide mineralization indicates unfavorable conditions for the preservation of diamonds during their transportation by kimberlite melt.

A Conversation with Aliza Shvarts

October ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 85-110
Author(s):  
Emily Apter
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The Body ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Rape Kits ◽  
Public Exhibition ◽  
Feminist Practice

Abstract Aliza Shvarts first came to widespread attention when her Untitled [Senior Thesis] (2008), consisting of a yearlong performance of self-induced miscarriages, was declared a “fiction” by Yale University and censored from public exhibition. That controversial work was on view for the first time in New York as part of her 2020 exhibition Purported at Art in General. It frames the areas of inquiry she has continued to explore: how the body means and matters and how the subject consents and dissents. In this in-depth conversation, Emily Apter and Aliza Shvarts discuss the exhibition and a wide range of topics relevant to contemporary feminist practice and thought: the genealogy of citation; the uses of theory; speech action; rape kits; nonconsensual collaboration; queer kinship; and memes.

scholarly journals Reinterpretation of the enigmatic Ordovician genus Bolboporites (Echinodermata)

Zoosymposia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-70
Author(s):  
EMERIC GILLET ◽  
BERTRAND LEFEBVRE ◽  
VERONIQUE GARDIEN ◽  
EMILIE STEIMETZ ◽  
CHRISTOPHE DURLET ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Precise Nature ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
First Time

Bolboporites is an enigmatic Ordovician cone-shaped fossil, the precise nature and systematic affinities of which have been controversial over almost two centuries. For the first time, a wide range of techniques (CT-scan, SEM, cathodoluminescence, XPL, UV epifluorescence, EBSD, FT-IR and XRF spectrometry) were applied to well-preserved specimens of Bolboporites from Norway and Russia. Our main finding confirms its echinoderm affinities, as shown by its stereomic microstructure and by the first definitive evidence of its monocrystalline nature. Each cone consists in a single, microporous calcitic crystal with a narrow longitudinal internal canal. These results are combined with all previous data on Bolboporites to critically discuss five alternative interpretations of this fossil, namely theca, basal cone, spine, columnal, and holdfast, respectively. The most parsimonious scenario considers Bolboporites as an isolated spine, which was articulated in life by a short biserial appendage to the body wall of an unknown echinoderm, possibly of echinozoan affinities.

Composition and origin of kelyphitic rims around garnets in fresh sheared lherzolite from the Udachnaya-East kimberlite pipe, the Siberian Craton

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Solovev ◽  
Igor Sharygin ◽  
Alexander Golovin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Kimberlite Pipe ◽  
Mantle Metasomatism ◽  
Material Transfer ◽  
Mineral Association ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Wide Range

<p>A zoned reaction rim (kelyphite) around garnet of xenolith of fresh sheared lherzolite from the Udachnaya-East kimberlite pipe, Russia, has been investigated. The aim of the study is a detailed characterization of bulk major and trace element compositions of the kelyphite zones, kelyphite-forming minerals and theirs relationships with each other and with rock-forming minerals of the lherzolite. <br>There are three point of possible origin of the kelyphite: 1) a solid-solid reaction (between garnets and rock-forming minerals) during transporting to the surface and modifying by a kimberlite melt (introduction of Na, K, Ca and H<sub>2</sub>O into the kelyphite) after reaction, 2) a reaction between garnets and a kimberlite melt, 3) mantle metasomatism.<br>Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry was used for phase determination and chemical analyses. Chemical composition of large grains (>6 μm) was also examined with wave-length-dispersive spectrometry on electron probe micro-analyzer. Raman spectroscopy was used for phase verification. Bulk trace element composition of reaction rim was studied by laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry.<br>Garnet forms rounded grains up to 4 mm in size, which are surrounded by the kelyphitic rim. The kelyphite has a concentric structure forming three distinct textural and chemical zones, which are extremely fine-grained aggregates of Cr- and Al-rich orthopyroxene, spinel with a wide range of Cr#, Cr and Al-rich clinopyroxene, amphibole, phlogopite, sodalite and olivine. Veinlets, which traverse the reaction rim and the garnet, are composed of the kelyphite-like mineral aggregate.<br>The kelyphite formation took place after the lherzolite was entrapped by the kimberlite magma during ascent and emplacement. Orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and spinel were primarily formed (hereafter the first association). Known limits of pressure-temperature stability of sodalite, phlogopite and amphibole suggest their low-pressure crystallization in the kelyphite (hereafter the second association). The kimberlite melt participated in the formation of both the first mineral association and the second mineral association of the kelyphite. Olivine is believed to be result from a reaction between the kimberlite melt and the kelyphite after forming of the first association but before forming of the second association. On the basis of bulk chemical composition for each zone of the kelyphite and chemical composition of the precursor garnet, a material transfer into the kelyphite during the formation was quantitatively evaluated. Introduction of Mg, Fe, Ti and Ca in the kelyphite occured before formation of the second mineral association and introduction of Na, K, Ca, Cl, F and H<sub>2</sub>O due to formation of the second mineral association. Therefore, we can expect that the kimberlite melt was a diffusion agent during formation of the first mineral association (the garnet and rock-forming minerals are considered as reactants) and was a reactant during formation of the second mineral association.<br>This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No 18-77-10062).</p>

COTTONWEED MARSH (MARSH). CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ETHANOL EXTRACT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
V. Platonov ◽  
V. Dunaev ◽  
G. Suhih ◽  
M. Shatskiy ◽  
M. Volochaeva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Structural Group ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structural Formulas ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sulfur Containing

For the first time, a detailed study of the chemical composition of ethanol extract of dried marsh (swamp), a product obtained after preliminary exhaustive last ex-traction with n-hexane, toluene, chloroform and acetone was performed. Chromatography-mass spectrometry made it possible to identify 119 individual compounds in this extract with the determination of their quantitative content, mass spectra and structural formulas, and the calculation of the structural-group composition was performed. A characteristic feature of the extract is the presence of significant amounts of nitrogen and sulfur-containing compounds (20.04), esters (21.47), sterols (18.54), carboxylic acids (8.15) and hydrocarbons (7.15) (wt. % of the extract). In addition, the extract contains phenols, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols and glycosides: 5.01; 4.34; 4.88; 3.16 and 3.12 (wt. % of the extract), respectively. Dominance in the extract of nitrogen-sulfur-containing and compounds; environment of sterols-betulin and its derivatives, esters, as well as the presence of different structure of phenols, glycosides, aldehydes and alcohols makes it possible to assume a wide range of pharmacological activity of drugs based on ethanol extract of dried marsh (marsh).

scholarly journals Modern aspects of neuropathogenesis and neurological manifestations of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
L.A. Dziak ◽  
O.S. Tsurkalenko ◽  
K.V. Chekha ◽  
V.M. Suk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Altered Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Coronavirus infection is a systemic pathology resulting in impairment of the nervous system. The involvement of the central nervous system in COVID-19 is diverse by clinical manifestations and main mechanisms. The mechanisms of interrelations between SARS-CoV-2 and the nervous system include a direct virus-induced lesion of the central nervous system, inflammatory-mediated impairment, thrombus burden, and impairment caused by hypoxia and homeostasis. Due to the multi-factor mechanisms (viral, immune, hypoxic, hypercoagulation), the SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause a wide range of neurological disorders involving both the central and peripheral nervous system and end organs. Dizziness, headache, altered level of consciousness, acute cerebrovascular diseases, hypogeusia, hyposmia, peripheral neuropathies, sleep disorders, delirium, neuralgia, myalgia are the most common signs. The structural and functional changes in various organs and systems and many neurological symptoms are determined to persist after COVID-19. Regardless of the numerous clinical reports about the neurological and psychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 as before it is difficult to determine if they are associated with the direct or indirect impact of viral infection or they are secondary to hypoxia, sepsis, cytokine reaction, and multiple organ failure. Penetrated the brain, COVID-19 can impact the other organs and systems and the body in general. Given the mechanisms of impairment, the survivors after COVID-19 with the infection penetrated the brain are more susceptible to more serious diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, cognitive decline, multiple sclerosis, and other autoimmune diseases. Given the multi-factor pathogenesis of COVID-19 resulting in long-term persistence of the clinical symptoms due to impaired neuroplasticity and neurogenesis followed by cholinergic deficiency, the usage of Neuroxon® 1000 mg a day with twice-day dosing for 30 days. Also, a long-term follow-up and control over the COVID-19 patients are recommended for the prophylaxis, timely determination, and correction of long-term complications.

scholarly journals The Grain Market between the Reigns of Alexey Mikhailovich and Catherine the Great: Was there a ‘Price Revolution’?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Mustafin
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grain Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regions Of Russia ◽  
Grain Prices

The author of this article attempts to reveal and systematise archival data on grain prices in Russia between the 1650s and 1700s and analyse their dynamics by comparing them with data for the eighteenth century. The study is based on a wide range of archival sources from the funds of the RSAAA (RGADA), CSA of Moscow (TsGA of Moscow), DM NLR (OR RNB), and SFI CANNR (GKU TsANO). The data from these sources make it possible to construct time series describing rye and oat price dynamics in the northern and central non-black earth regions of Russia. The author substantiates the homogeneity and reliability of the data received and determines the real prices. The resulting numbers make the author doubt the “price revolution” in eighteenth-century Russia. Throughout the eighteenth century, the average real prices remained below the level of the 1660s and 1670s. Only in the 1790s did prices briefly exceed this level. Overall, the Russian grain market was characterised by long-term price fluctuations. The author aims to explain this dynamic by analysing supply and demand in the grain market. More particularly, for the first time in the historiography, the author examines the connection between Russian grain prices and yield in the second half of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It is established that in most cases, the relationship between these indicators was direct: as grain yield increased, prices did too. The article explains this seeming paradox. The data published by the author help not only to estimate the impact of various factors on grain prices during the period in question, but also solve practical tasks regarding various price indicators in grain equivalents.

scholarly journals Sub-weekly cycle uncovers the hidden link of 1 atmospheric pollution to Kawasaki Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Rodo ◽  
Albert Navarro Gallinad ◽  
Tomoko Kojima ◽  
Joan Ballester ◽  
Silvia Borras
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Aerodynamic Diameter ◽  
Weekly Cycle ◽  
Particle Arrival ◽  
First Time

Anthropogenic pollution has frequently been linked to myriad human ailments despite clear mechanistic links are yet lacking, a fact that severely downgraded its actual relevance. Now a prominent unnoticed sub-weekly cycle (SWC) of 3.5 days is uncovered in the long-term epidemiological records of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Japan, a mysterious vasculitis of yet unknown origin. After ruling out the effect of reporting biases, the analysis of Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) atmospheric profiles further confirms that this variability is linked to atmospheric particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 1 micron. SWC accounts for 20% of the variance in KD and its contribution is stable throughout the entire epidemiological record dating back to 1970, both at the prefecture level and for entire Japan. KD maxima in 2010-2016 always occur in full synchrony with LIDAR particle arrival in diverse locations such as Tokyo, Toyama and Tsukuba as well as for the entire of Japan. Rapid intrusion of aerosols from heights up to 6km to the surface is observed with KD admissions co-varying with their metal chemical composition. While regional intensity of winds has not changed in the interval 1979-2015, our study instead points for the first time to increased anthropogenic pollution as a necessary co-factor in the occurrence of KD and sets the field to associate other similar human vasculitis.

scholarly journals How adolescents use an online question-answer (QA) service to address their mental issues

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Sand ◽  
G Tøndel ◽  
E Lassemo
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mental Issues

Abstract Background Ung.no is Norway’s largest information website directed at adolescents, with more than 800 000 users per month. Ung.no offers an online QA service in which 13-20-year-olds post their questions and get answers from professionals. Anonymous answers are publicly available online. Descriptive analysis of over 125 000 questions written to ung.no from 2016-2018 showed that most adolescents asked questions about body and health. Subsequent qualitative content analyses of the body-and-health-questions showed that mental health is one of the most prominent topics in the adolescents’ questions. The aim of the present study is to investigate how adolescents use the QA service to address mental issues. Methods A random selection of 360 questions - stratified by age and gender - concerning body and health were made. The questions were analysed by use of a qualitative thematic analysis with a functional textual approach, i.e. examining the questions’ linguistic functions. Results In the sample, 20 % of the questions concerned mental issues, ranging from negative feelings of sadness, fear or anger, to disorders such as psychosis and depression and grave issues such as suicidal thoughts and self-harm. Three main functions of the adolescents’ questions were identified: 1) Telling about their troubles for the first time; some of them did not ask a question in their post, they just described their feelings; 2) Asking what to do when nothing else has been of help and 3) Seeking confirmation of information they have already received from health experts, teachers, parents or friends, or read on the internet. Conclusions A low threshold service such as an anonymous QA service seems to be useful for adolescents when they need and want to tell about their mental issues or seek help, often for the first time. The outreach of the ung.no QA service is universal, and hence has great potential public health impact. Key messages Adolescents use a low threshold online QA service to address a wide range of mental problems. Adolescents use a low threshold online QA service to tell about their mental issues for the first time.

scholarly journals Chronic Sulfasalazine Treatment in Mice Induces System xc− - Independent Adverse Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Verbruggen ◽  
Lindsay Sprimont ◽  
Eduard Bentea ◽  
Pauline Janssen ◽  
Azzedine Gharib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
First Time

Despite ample evidence for the therapeutic potential of inhibition of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc− in neurological disorders and in cancer, none of the proposed inhibitors is selective. In this context, a lot of research has been performed using the EMA- and FDA-approved drug sulfasalazine (SAS). Even though this molecule is already on the market for decades as an anti-inflammatory drug, serious side effects due to its use have been reported. Whereas for the treatment of the main indications, SAS needs to be cleaved in the intestine into the anti-inflammatory compound mesalazine, it needs to reach the systemic circulation in its intact form to allow inhibition of system xc−. The higher plasma levels of intact SAS (or its metabolites) might induce adverse effects, independent of its action on system xc−. Some of these effects have however been attributed to system xc− inhibition, calling into question the safety of targeting system xc−. In this study we chronically treated system xc− - deficient mice and their wildtype littermates with two different doses of SAS (160 mg/kg twice daily or 320 mg/kg once daily, i.p.) and studied some of the adverse effects that were previously reported. SAS had a negative impact on the survival rate, the body weight, the thermoregulation and/or stress reaction of mice of both genotypes, and thus independent of its inhibitory action on system xc−. While SAS decreased the total distance travelled in the open-field test the first time the mice encountered the test, it did not influence this parameter on the long-term and it did not induce other behavioral changes such as anxiety- or depressive-like behavior. Finally, no major histological abnormalities were observed in the spinal cord. To conclude, we were unable to identify any undesirable system xc−-dependent effect of chronic administration of SAS.

scholarly journals SUN-540 Inflammasome Components After Bariatric Surgery: Novel Targets for a Chronic Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aura D Herrera-Martinez ◽  
Vicente Herrero Aguayo ◽  
Prudencio Sez ◽  
Juan L López-Cánovas ◽  
Fernando L-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Type2 Diabetes ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Metabolic Comorbidities

Abstract Background: Obesity is a metabolic chronic disease with important associated morbidity and mortality. Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective treatment for keeping long-term weight loss in severe obesity and consequently decreases obesity-related complications including inflammation. Aim: to explore changes in the inflammasome components after BS and their relations with clinical and biochemical parameters at baseline and six months after surgery. Patients and methods: 22 patients that underwent BS (sleeve gastrectomy and roux-en-Y gastric bypass) were included. Epidemiological, clinical, anthropometric and biochemical evaluation was performed. Four groups of inflammasome components and inflammatory associated factors were evaluated: NOD-like receptors; inflammasome activation components; cytoquines and inflammation/apoptosis related components; and cell-cycle and DNA-damage regulators. Clinical-molecular correlations and associations were for the first time performed in a cohort of patients with morbid obesity that underwent BS. Results: The four groups of inflammasome components were dysregulated after BS. The mRNA expression of several factors was markedly decreased after BS, specially CXCL3, CCL8, TLR4, NLRC4 and NLRP12. Most changes were independent of the performed surgical technique. Inflammasome components displayed several clinical and biochemical correlations including the presence of baseline metabolic comorbidities (type2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypetension) and the body composition. Conclusion: the regulation of several inflammasome system components may explain the improvement and reversion of some obesity-related comorbidities after BS.

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