scholarly journals CD3+T, CD4+T, CD8+T, and CD4+T/CD8+T Ratio and Quantity of γδT Cells in Peripheral Blood of HIV-Infected/AIDS Patients and Its Clinical Significance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nange Zhao ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Yujuan Zhao ◽  
Jianping Zhang ◽  
Keqiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Γδt Cells ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective. To investigate the quantity of CD4+T, CD4+T, CD8+T, and γδT cells in peripheral blood of HIV-infected/AIDS patients as well as to explore the possible role of CD4/CD8 ratio and γδT cells in the progression of HIV/AIDS, aimed at providing evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of AIDS. Methods. The quantity levels of CD3+T cells, CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, and γδT cells in peripheral blood of 46 HIV-infected/AIDS patients and 30 healthy controls were detected by using flow cytometry. Results. The count of CD3+T, CD4+T, CD8+T, and γδT cells ( x ¯ ± s , A/μl) in the peripheral blood was 1183.64 ± 132.58 , 278.39 ± 122.38 , 863.13 ± 82.38 , and 22.53 ± 1.74 in the experimental group as well as 1456.46 ± 124.37 , 788.74 ± 189.67 , 569.61 ± 46.49 , and 10.96 ± 0.28 in the control group, respectively. The p values of the two groups were <0.005 after the t -test, revealing a statistically significant difference. The proportion of CD3+T, CD4+T, CD8+T, and γδT cells in total lymphocytes in the two groups ( x ¯ ± s , %) was 71.83 ± 5.37 , 13.39 ± 2.23 , 62.93 ± 5.81 , and 3.67 ± 0.87 in the experimental group, respectively. In the control group, the values were expressed as 66.72 ± 5.48 , 42.77 ± 3.38 , 31.41 ± 3.62 , and 1.73 ± 0.36 , respectively. After performing the t -test, p values in the two groups were <0.005 except CD3+T, with statistically significant differences. Besides, CD4/CD8 was 0.33 ± 0.11 in the experimental group and 1.48 ± 0.29 in the control group, t = 26.528 , p < 0.001 , exhibiting a significant statistical difference. Conclusion. HIV infection induces the activation and proliferation of CD8+T and γδT cells, contributing to the decrease of CD4+T cells, while CD8+T and γδT cells are involved in the immune response and tissue damage after HIV infection.

Role of Nutrition Counseling and Lifestyle Modification in Managing Prediabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 037957212110254
Author(s):  
Harleen Kaur ◽  
Neerja Singla ◽  
Rohini Jain
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Population Prevalence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: India is the second country after China having the highest population prevalence of diabetes. Several research studies investigating diabetes have been done, but not much work has been done on prediabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nutrition and lifestyle modification on prediabetic females. Methods: A total of 120 prediabetic females from Ludhiana city were divided into 2 matched groups: control group (n = 60) and experimental group (n = 60). Impact of nutrition intervention for dietary and lifestyle modification (for 3 months) was assessed on the anthropometric, dietary, biochemical parameters, and diabetes risk score of the experimental group and control group (no intervention). Results: All the selected 120 subjects completed the study (experimental group = 60; control group = 60). There was significant difference in the changes between the 2 groups throughout the study. The fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c levels of the experimental group subjects reduced significantly ( P ≤ .01). However, no change was observed among the control group subjects. The lipid profile of the experimental group showed a significant improvement ( P ≤ .01). Conclusion: Nutrition counselling of the prediabetics regarding dietary and lifestyle modification is recommended so as to improve their metabolic control, thus preventing them from being diabetics.

scholarly journals HLA-E Up-Regulation Induced by HIV Infection May Directly Contribute to CD94-Mediated Impairment of NK Cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Martini ◽  
C. Agrati ◽  
G. D'Offizi ◽  
F. Poccia
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Hiv Replication

Alterations in NK cell numbers and function have been repeatedly shown during HIV infection. In this study, NK cell number and MHC class I expression on CD4+ T cells were studied in HIV patients at different stages of disease progression. An increased expression of HLA-E was seen on CD4+ T cells. In parallel, a reduced number of CD94+ NK cells was observed in advanced disease stages. Moreover, a decline in CD94 expression on NK cells was observed at the HIV replication peak in patients undergoing antiretroviral treatment interruption, suggesting a role of viral replication on NK cells alterations. In vitro HIV infection induced a rapid down-regulation of HLA-A,B,C expression, paralleled by an increased expression of HLA-E surface molecules, the formal ligands of CD94 NK receptors. HIV-infected HLA-E expressing cells were able to inhibit NK cell cytotoxicity through HLA-E expression, since cytotoxicity was restored by antibody masking experiments. These data indicate that the CD94/HLA-E interaction may contribute to NK cell dysfunction in HIV infection, suggesting a role of HIV replication in this process.

Abstract 4008: PSGL-1-Expressing CD4 T Cells are Enriched in Culprit Coronary Artery Lesion of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Gomita ◽  
Kayoko Sato ◽  
Kazutaka Kitamura ◽  
Nobuhisa Hagiwara
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Coronary Artery Lesion ◽  
Plaque Instability ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

Background: Recently, several evidences on the crucial role of adhesion molecules in the development of atherosclerosis and plaque instability have been reported. While expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and L-selectin has been consistently observed in atherosclerotic plaques it is still uncertain how adhesion molecules on T cells contribute to the incidence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In this study, we examined whether adhesion molecules on T cells in ACS have a significant role in the plaque stability and prone to cause ACS. Methods and Results: Fresh CD4 T cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of 76 ACS patients (AMI=35, UAP=41) and 74 age-matched controls (NC). CD69, an activation marker of T cells, was strongly expressed on CD4 T cells from ACS than from NC by FACS (P<0.0001). CD4 T cells from ACS highly expressed p-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and integrin β (CD18), but not L-selectin by FACS (P < 0.03, P < 0.01, n.s., respectively). Soluble PSGL-1 (sPSGL-1) levels in plasma were lower in ACS patients than in NC (P=0.0001), which correlated negatively with the PSGL-1 expression on CD4 T cells (R=0.405, P<0.02). We further investigated the thrombus-aspirating device samples (n=14) and fresh CD4 T cells derived from both the coronary artery and peripheral blood from the each same patient with ACS. CD4 T cells from the coronary artery strongly expressed PSGL-1 (P<0.002), but not integrin β (CD18) and L-selectin by FACS. Finally, PSGL-1 was expressed on T cells, but not on CD68 positive macrophage, MPO positive neutrophil, or CD41 positive platelets in the thrombus-aspirating device samples. Conclusions: From these results, we demonstrated that PSGL-1-expressing CD4 T cells are enriched in the culprit coronary artery lesion of ACS, contributing to the acceleration of plaque instability and occurrence of ACS.

scholarly journals DC-SIGN–mediated Infectious Synapse Formation Enhances X4 HIV-1 Transmission from Dendritic Cells to T Cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 200 (10) ◽  
pp. 1279-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Arrighi ◽  
Marjorie Pion ◽  
Eduardo Garcia ◽  
Jean-Michel Escola ◽  
Yvette van Kooyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Infectious Synapse

Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for the early events of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Model systems of HIV sexual transmission have shown that DCs expressing the DC-specific C-type lectin DC-SIGN capture and internalize HIV at mucosal surfaces and efficiently transfer HIV to CD4+ T cells in lymph nodes, where viral replication occurs. Upon DC–T cell clustering, internalized HIV accumulates on the DC side at the contact zone (infectious synapse), between DCs and T cells, whereas HIV receptors and coreceptors are enriched on the T cell side. Viral concentration at the infectious synapse may explain, at least in part, why DC transmission of HIV to T cells is so efficient. Here, we have investigated the role of DC-SIGN on primary DCs in X4 HIV-1 capture and transmission using small interfering RNA–expressing lentiviral vectors to specifically knockdown DC-SIGN. We demonstrate that DC-SIGN− DCs internalize X4 HIV-1 as well as DC-SIGN+ DCs, although binding of virions is reduced. Strikingly, DC-SIGN knockdown in DCs selectively impairs infectious synapse formation between DCs and resting CD4+ T cells, but does not prevent the formation of DC–T cells conjugates. Our results demonstrate that DC-SIGN is required downstream from viral capture for the formation of the infectious synapse between DCs and T cells. These findings provide a novel explanation for the role of DC-SIGN in the transfer and enhancement of HIV infection from DCs to T cells, a crucial step for HIV transmission and pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Research on the Effectiveness of Educational Internship——A Case Study on Primary Education Major

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sa Li
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Teaching Ability ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of teaching ability of pre-service teachers during their internship. Methods: The pre-service teachers were divided into experimental group and control group, and the video of each class was recorded, encoded and scored by experts from primary schools, and SPSS was used to analyze the data. Results: The teaching ability of the pre-service teachers in the primary school Chinese subject had a significant improvement in the six weeks of teaching practice. The teaching ability of the pre-service teachers in the primary school mathematics discipline had no significant improvement in the six weeks of teaching practice; there is no significant difference in the teaching ability of pre-service teachers who have experienced six classroom lectures and 18 classroom lectures. Conclusion: Educational universities should attach importance to the role of educational internship in promoting the development of pre-service teachers' teaching ability and increase the internship time. Instructors should pay attention to the cultivation of pre-service teachers' teaching reflection ability and give feedback and guidance in time.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Fruit Juice Containing Bacillus Coagulans Probiotic Supplement on the Level of Immunoglobulins A, M and Lymphocytes in Two-Speed Athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elahe Ebrahimi ◽  
Maryam Golshahi ◽  
Samane Yazdi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Pirnia
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Athlete ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Experimental Group

Probiotics exert beneficial effects on their host health by creating microbial balance in the digestive system. The role of some probiotic strains in strengthening the immune system and reducing the risk of diseases, especially respiratory infections, has been proven in previous studies. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation containing Bacillus coagulans on the Runner athletes immune system. In this study, the effect of Bacillus coagulans probiotic on immunoglobulins A, M and monocytes count 60 male athlete sprints Evaluates that which were randomly divided into two groups of 30.For 3 months, the experimental group received a daily glass of probiotic juice containing 109 cfu / ml containing probiotic supplement and the control group received plain and no supplemental juice. During the study period, once every 2 weeks, One day after exercise (running 200 meters), blood samples were taken from all participants Then In the collected samples, IgA, IgM and lymphocytes were evaluated. Consumption of probiotic juice containing 2 × 109 f cfu/ml Bacillus coagulans probiotic supplement showed a significant difference in the amount of IgA, IgM and Lymphocyte between the experimental group and the control group. The results of this study showed that the consumption of juice containing probiotic supplement Bacillus coagulans can increase the level of immune factors IgM, IgA, lymphocytes and prevent the occurrence of diseases, especially respiratory infections, by improving the function of the immune system.

Relationships Between HIV-Mediated Chemokine Coreceptor Signaling, Cofilin Hyperactivation, Viral Tropism Switch and HIV-Mediated CD4 Depletion

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 388-396
Author(s):  
Sijia He ◽  
Yuntao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Viral Tropism ◽  
High Pathogenicity ◽  
Hiv 1

: HIV infection causes CD4 depletion and immune deficiency. The virus infects CD4 T cells through binding to CD4 and one of the chemokine coreceptors, CXCR4 (X4) or CCR5 (R5). It has also been known that HIV tropism switch, from R5 to X4, is associated with rapid CD4 depletion, suggesting a key role of viral factors in driving CD4 depletion. However, the virological driver for HIV-mediated CD4 depletion has not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that HIV-mediated chemokine coreceptor signaling, particularly chronic signaling through CXCR4, plays a major role in CD4 dysfunction and depletion; we also hypothesized that there is an R5X4 signaling (R5X4sig) viral subspecies, evolving from the natural replication course of R5-utilizing viruses, that is responsible for CD4 T cell depletion in R5 virus infection. To gain traction for our hypothesis, in this review, we discuss a recent finding from Cui and co-authors who described the rapid tropism switch and high pathogenicity of an HIV-1 R5 virus, CRF01_AE. We speculate that CRF01_AE may be the hypothetical R5X4sig viral species that is rapidly evolving towards the X4 phenotype. We also attempt to discuss the intricate relationships between HIV-mediated chemokine coreceptor signaling, viral tropism switch and HIV-mediated CD4 depletion, in hopes of providing a deeper understanding of HIV pathogenesis in blood CD4 T cells.

Circulating immune markers predict the therapeutic effect in primary lung cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21203-e21203
Author(s):  
Liangliang Xu ◽  
Jitian Zhang ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Guangqiang Shao ◽  
Taiyang Liuru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Blood Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulations ◽  
Significant Difference

e21203 Background: Radiotherapy (RT), surgical resection (SR), and immunotherapy (IT) as main therapies in lung cancer have either suppressive or stimulatory effects on the immune system. It’s still unclear the mechanism involved in the systemic changes of immune cells in the blood. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations were useful markers for evaluating immune response in tumor patients. Hence, we aimed to systematically investigate the alteration of lymphocyte subpopulations during the local therapies to evaluate antitumor treatment effects. Methods: Blood samples were obtained EDTA coated tubes and then centrifuged gently for white blood cell separation. The white blood cells in 10% DMSO and 90% FBS were frozen slowly in -80°C refrigerator. The following fluorochrome-conjugated surface and nuclear antibodies were used in the lymphocyte subtyping: CD11b, CD45, CD19, CD3, CD56, CD4, CD8a, CD25,CD127 and FOXP3. The staining cells were detected in the BD FACS machine and data were analyzed by the paired T-test. The percentage of Lymphocytes, Myeloid cells, B cells, T cells, Treg, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, NK cells, and NKT were examined. Results: Between July 2019 and January 2020, a total of 176 patients eligible, including 135 RT patients and 29 SR patients,12 IT patients, with both blood collection with both Pre, During and End therapies. Before local therapies, the percentage of total T cells in the RT group was significantly higher than SR (RT v.s SR mean:64.1 v.s 55.3, P = 0.02) while CD8+ T cells (RT v.s SR mean:28.2 v.s 34.5, P = 0.04)and Tregs (RT v.s SR mean:0.0 v.s 0.1, P = 0.055) were lower. The baseline level of T cells and their subtypes showed a significant difference in these two group patients. After local therapies, myeloid cells, lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells were significant different. There is no significant difference due to the smaller number of IT patients. In the RT group, lymphocytes (Pre-RT v.s End-RT mean:75.2 v.s 54.3, P = 0.004) and B cells (Pre-RT v.s End-RT mean:12.6 v.s 8.0, P = 0.03) were significantly decreased while other subpopulations didn’t show any significant difference after RT. Interestingly, in the SR group, there was a significant increase in CD4+ T cells (mean:59.0 v.s 62.1, p = 0.02) a trend of reduction in CD8+ T cells (mean:34.5 v.s 32.0, p = 0.055) after SR. In addition, there was an increased trend of Tregs after IT. Conclusions: There are some different patterns of distribution in subtypes of leukocytes in operable and inoperable patients and between different therapies. All RT, SR and IT changed the distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations. Further validation study is warranted to validate our findings particularly in circulating lymphocytes and B cells as a marker to evaluate immune status after RT, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells after SR, Tregs after IT, as well as their relationship with tumor microenvironment and implication for personalized care.

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