scholarly journals A Kind of Filling Lattice Structure Based on DFAM for Mechanical Parts: The Diamond Lattice Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Xuan Yin ◽  
Wenjun Meng ◽  
Jinzhao Cheng ◽  
Hailong Wang ◽  
Xiaoxia Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
Diamond Lattice ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Compression Performance ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Equivalent Modulus ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Thanks to the geometric and material complexity of additive manufacturing, the design space of mechanical parts has been developed, in which lattice filling structure customization can be applied to the solid filling of mechanical parts to achieve the goal of mechanical structure lightweight. A kind of diamond lattice structure unit is designed by imitating the natural method based on Design for Additive Manufacturing of mechanical parts. The mathematical model of the relative density and mechanical properties of the unit are established, and the relationship between the two is obtained, which is verified by simulations; then the relatively uniform results are obtained. The variable density hypothesis of diamond lattice structure is proposed, the methods of simulations and compression tests are used to verify the hypothesis, and the results show that the variable density structure with the density of the filling element decreasing gradually with the stress point as the center has better compression performance and concurrently verify the correctness and applicability of the equivalent modulus of elasticity mathematical model. The results of this study can be applied to the solid sandwich filling of pressure mechanical parts, and the stress density matching relationship can be carried out to further specific design.

scholarly journals Design of Shoe Soles Using Lattice Structures Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 719-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoying Dong ◽  
Daniel Tessier ◽  
Yaoyao Fiona Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Footwear Industry ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Shoe Soles

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) has enabled great application potential in several major industries. The footwear industry can customize shoe soles fabricated by AM. In this paper, lattice structures are discussed. They are used to design functional shoe soles that can have controllable stiffness. Different topologies such as Diamond, Grid, X shape, and Vintiles are used to generate conformal lattice structures that can fit the curved surface of the shoe sole. Finite element analysis is conducted to investigate stress distribution in different designs. The fused deposition modeling process is used to fabricate the designed shoe soles. Finally, compression tests compare the stiffness of shoe soles with different lattice topologies. It is found that the plantar stress is highly influenced by the lattice topology. From preliminary calculations, it has been found that the shoe sole designed with the Diamond topology can reduce the maximum stress on the foot. The Vintiles lattice structure and the X shape lattice structure are stiffer than the Diamond lattice. The Grid lattice structure buckles in the experiment and is not suitable for the design.

Analysis of Polar Positioning System in Laser Device for Glass Engraving

2009 ◽  
Vol 147-149 ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Trochimczuk ◽  
Marek Gawrysiak
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Laser Device ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Cartesian Coordinates ◽  
Object Structure ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Discretization Process

In the work the new concept of polar positioning system, alternative for Cartesian one, is presented. The mathematical model which allows calculation of the rotation angle of polar positioning system is considered. The Cartesian coordinates of formed points of object structure, received after discretization process of object are the inputs data to calculation. Output data however are rotation angles i.e. both working arm and rotation table angles. The influence of the stiffness of mechanical parts on the precision of instrument positioning and productivity of the presented polar device is defined.

The Elastic Behaviour of Metal Powder Compacts

2007 ◽  
Vol 534-536 ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
Jose Manuel Prado
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Elastic Behaviour ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Powder Compacts ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Different Levels

In this work the elastic behaviour of metallic powder compacts is studied. Cylindrical specimens with different levels of density have been submitted to uniaxial compression tests with loading and unloading cycles. The analysis of the elastic loadings shows a non linear elasticity which can be mathematically represented by means of a potential law. Results are explained by assuming that the total elastic strain is the contribution of two terms one deriving from the hertzian deformation of the contacts among particles and another that takes into account the linear elastic deformation of the powder skeleton. A simple model based in a one pore unit cell is presented to support the mathematical model.

scholarly journals Design of Variable-Density Structures for Additive Manufacturing Using Gyroid Lattices

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Botao Zhang ◽  
Kunal Mhapsekar ◽  
Sam Anand
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Density Mapping ◽  
Usage Cost

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes enable the creation of lattice structures having complex geometry which offer great potential for designing light weight parts. The combination of AM and cellular lattice structures provide promising design solutions in terms of material usage, cost and part weight. However, the geometric complexity of the structures calls for a robust methodology to incorporate the lattices in parts designs and create optimum light weight designs. This paper proposes a novel method for designing light weight variable-density lattice structures using gyroids. The parametric 3D implicit function of gyroids has been used to control the shape and volume fraction of the lattice. The proposed method is then combined with the density distribution information from topology optimization algorithm. A density mapping and interpolation approach is proposed to map the output of topology optimization into the parametric gyroids structures which results in an optimum lightweight lattice structure with uniformly varying densities across the design space. The proposed methodology has been validated with two test cases.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Miniature Lattice Structures Produced by Material Extrusion and Vat Photopolymerization Additive Manufacturing

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2163
Author(s):  
Rafael Guerra Silva ◽  
María Josefina Torres ◽  
Jorge Zahr Viñuela
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Material Extrusion ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Manufacturing Methods

In this paper, we study the capabilities of two additive manufacturing technologies for the production of lattice structures, namely material extrusion and vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing. A set of polymer lattice structures with diverse unit cell types were built using these additive manufacturing methods and tested under compression. Lattice structures built using material extrusion had lower accuracy and a lower relative density caused by the air gaps between layers, but had higher elastic moduli and larger energy absorption capacities, as a consequence of both the thicker struts and the relatively larger strength of the feedstock material. Additionally, the deformation process in lattices was analyzed using sequential photographs taken during the compression tests, evidencing larger differences according to the manufacturing process and unit-cell type. Both additive manufacturing methods produced miniature lattice structures with similar mechanical properties, but vat polymerization should be the preferred option when high geometrical accuracy is required. Nevertheless, as the solid material determines the compressive response of the lattice structure, the broader availability of feedstock materials gives an advantage to material extrusion in applications requiring stiffer structures or with higher energy absorption capabilities.

Optimization design of variable density lattice structure for additive manufacturing

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 122554
Author(s):  
Xinju Zhang ◽  
Zhanpu Xue ◽  
Quntao Cheng ◽  
Yunguang Ji
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Variable Density

Design Tool for Topology Optimization of Self Supporting Variable Density Lattice Structures for Additive Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Matthew McConaha ◽  
Vysakh Venugopal ◽  
Sam Anand
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Interpolation Scheme ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Lattice Density ◽  
Optimization Methodology

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) allows for the inclusion of complicated geometric features that are impractical or impossible to manufacture by other means. Among such features is the collection of intricate and periodic strut-like geometries known as lattice structures. Lattice structures are desirable for their ability to provide stiffness through a large number of supporting members while employing void space within the geometry as a means to reduce part material volume. Strut thicknesses of every lattice in a part are generally not well optimized in order to maximize part stiffness, and often every lattice unit cell is identical throughout the part. This work presents a lattice density optimization methodology able to find the optimal graded lattice density distribution for maximizing the part stiffness and also improving the additive manufacturability of the part. The material property interpolation scheme used in SIMP optimization is replaced by a representative volume element (RVE)-based interpolation scheme that more accurately captures the material properties of the prescribed lattice structure at an arbitrary density. A filter has been developed that allows for the trimming of unnecessary lattices while simultaneously ensuring that the geometry remains self-supporting during the AM build process. This filter is incorporated seamlessly within the topology optimization routine. This increases the optimality of the resulting design compared to full-domain lattice filling and increases the viability of the design from a manufacturing standpoint compared to unconstrained lattice trimming.

scholarly journals Computing The Kinematics Study of a 6 DOF Industrial Manipulator Prototype By Matlab

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Saadah
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Inverse Kinematics ◽  
Forward Kinematics ◽  
Euler Angles ◽  
Final Position ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Industrial Manipulator ◽  
Forward And Inverse Kinematics ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Since the mechanical parts in the robot are designed to do the movement, studying and analyzing the motion considered a primary issue that should be taken into consider when studying and designing the robot. In this research 6-DOF sample of the industrial manipulator based on ABB IRB 4400 model had been studied. The mathematical model of manipulator is established by DH (Denavait Hartenberg) method. The forward kinematics was done using DH Parameters in order to get the final transformation matrix. The inverse kinematics was done using geometrical and analytical methods in order to get the end effector final position and direction by calculate Euler angles values. Finally, the forward and inverse kinematics equations were computing by MATLAB to get angles, end effector, position, direction and Euler angles values. The kinematics study and the arm movement’s equations were compered with the practical measurements to make sure it fulfills the desired purpose.     

DETERMINATION OF PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF THE TRUCK KrAZ-6510TE

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Olexandr Pavlenko ◽  
Serhii Dun ◽  
Maksym Skliar
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Military Vehicles ◽  
Force Magnitude ◽  
Vehicle Mobility ◽  
The Mathematical Model

In any economy there is a need for the bulky goods transportation which cannot be divided into smaller parts. Such cargoes include building structures, elements of industrial equipment, tracked or wheeled construction and agricultural machinery, heavy armored military vehicles. In any case, tractor-semitrailer should provide fast delivery of goods with minimal fuel consumption. In order to guarantee the goods delivery, tractor-semitrailers must be able to overcome the existing roads broken grade and be capable to tow a semi-trailer in off-road conditions. These properties are especially important for military equipment transportation. The important factor that determines a tractor-semitrailer mobility is its gradeability. The purpose of this work is to improve a tractor-semitrailer mobility with tractor units manufactured at PJSC “AutoKrAZ” by increasing the tractor-semitrailer gradeability. The customer requirements for a new tractor are determined by the maximizing the grade to 18°. The analysis of the characteristics of modern tractor-semitrailers for heavy haulage has shown that the highest rate of this grade is 16.7°. The factors determining the limiting gradeability value were analyzed, based on the tractor-semitrailer with a KrAZ-6510TE tractor and a semi-trailer with a full weight of 80 t. It has been developed a mathematical model to investigate the tractor and semi-trailer axles vertical reactions distribution on the tractor-semitrailer friction performances. The mathematical model has allowed to calculate the gradeability value that the tractor-semitrailer can overcome in case of wheels and road surface friction value and the tractive force magnitude from the engine. The mathematical model adequacy was confirmed by comparing the calculations results with the data of factory tests. The analysis showed that on a dry road the KrAZ-6510TE tractor with a 80 t gross weight semitrailer is capable to climb a gradient of 14,35 ° with its coupling mass full use condition. The engine's maximum torque allows the tractor-semitrailer to overcome a gradient of 10.45° It has been determined the ways to improve the design of the KrAZ-6510TE tractor to increase its gradeability. Keywords: tractor, tractor-semitrailer vehicle mobility, tractor-semitrailer vehicle gradeability.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF CAR PROPERTIES ON A PHYSICAL MODEL

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Oleksii Timkov ◽  
Dmytro Yashchenko ◽  
Volodymyr Bosenko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Remote Control ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Model Experiment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Motor Current ◽  
Memory Card ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The article deals with the development of a physical model of a car equipped with measuring, recording and remote control equipment for experimental study of car properties. A detailed description of the design of the physical model and of the electronic modules used is given, links to application libraries and the code of the first part of the program for remote control of the model are given. Atmega microcontroller on the Arduino Uno platform was used to manage the model and register the parameters. When moving the car on the memory card saved such parameters as speed, voltage on the motor, current on the motor, the angle of the steered wheel, acceleration along three coordinate axes are recorded. Use of more powerful microcontrollers will allow to expand the list of the registered parameters of movement of the car. It is possible to measure the forces acting on the elements of the car and other parameters. In the future, it is planned to develop a mathematical model of motion of the car and check its adequacy in conducting experimental studies on maneuverability on the physical model. In addition, it is possible to conduct studies of stability and consumption of electrical energy. The physical model allows to quickly change geometric dimensions and mass parameters. In the study of highway trains, this approach will allow to investigate the various layout schemes of highway trains in the short term. It is possible to make two-axle road trains and saddle towed trains, three-way hitched trains of different layout. The results obtained will allow us to improve not only the mathematical model, but also the experimental physical model, and move on to further study the properties of hybrid road trains with an active trailer link. This approach allows to reduce material and time costs when researching the properties of cars and road trains. Keywords: car, physical model, experiment, road trains, sensor, remote control, maneuverability, stability.

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