scholarly journals FGF23: A Review of Its Role in Mineral Metabolism and Renal and Cardiovascular Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Anna Kurpas ◽  
Karolina Supeł ◽  
Karolina Idzikowska ◽  
Marzenna Zielińska
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Phosphate Metabolism ◽  
Role Concerns ◽  
Calcium And Phosphate Metabolism ◽  
Sensitive Marker

FGF23 is a hormone secreted mainly by osteocytes and osteoblasts in bone. Its pivotal role concerns the maintenance of mineral ion homeostasis. It has been confirmed that phosphate and vitamin D metabolisms are related to the effect of FGF23 and its excess or deficiency leads to various hereditary diseases. Multiple studies have shown that FGF23 level increases in the very early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its concentration may also be highly associated with cardiac complications. The present review is limited to some of the most important aspects of calcium and phosphate metabolism. It discusses the role of FGF23, which is considered an early and sensitive marker for CKD-related bone disease but also as a novel and potent cardiovascular risk factor. Furthermore, this review gives particular attention to the reliability of FGF23 measurement and various confounding factors that may impact on the clinical utility of FGF23. Finally, this review elaborates on the clinical usefulness of FGF23 and evaluates whether FGF23 may be considered a therapeutic target.

scholarly journals Non-Skeletal Activities of Vitamin D: From Physiology to Brain Pathology

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Bivona ◽  
Luisa Agnello ◽  
Chiara Bellia ◽  
Giorgia Iacolino ◽  
Concetta Scazzone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Phosphate Metabolism ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Reference Measurement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Calcium And Phosphate Metabolism

Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone regulating the expression of almost 900 genes, and it is involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism, immune response, and brain development. Low blood vitamin D levels have been reported in patients affected by various diseases. Despite a large amount of literature data, there is uncertainty surrounding the role of vitamin D as a serum biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Indeed, the lack of internationally recognized 25(OH)D3 reference measurement procedures and standard materials in the past led to unstandardized serum total 25(OH)D3 results among research and clinical care laboratories. Thus, most of the literature studies reported unstandardized data, which are of little use and make it difficult to draw conclusions of the role of vitamin D in AD and PD. This review summarizes the extra-skeletal actions of vitamin D, focusing its role in immunomodulation and brain function, and reports the issue of lacking standardized literature data concerning the usefulness of vitamin D as a biomarker in AD and PD.

Advances in Pediatrics, Vol. XII

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 748-748
Keyword(s):  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Usual Sense ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Phosphate Metabolism ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Bilirubin Metabolism ◽  
Calcium And Phosphate Metabolism

Such volumes, in themselves reviews, cannot be reviewed in any usual sense of the term. Their contents can be listed, if not too inclusive. Thus, the new volume of Advances in Pediatrics reviews Viral Encephalitis (Russell Blattner and Florence Heys), Bilirubin Metabolism and Neonatal Jaundice (Audrey Brown), Chemotherapy in Neoplastic Disease (Joseph Burchenal, Lois Murphy, Charlotte Tan, and Harold Dargeon), the Teaching of Pediatrics and the Role of the Pediatrician in Developing Countries (Robert Debré), Viral Infections of the Premature and Newborn Infant (Heiz Eichenwald and Henry Shinefield), and Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism (G. Fanconi)—a list which assures high quality of information and opinion.

Staring Down Death

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Joiner ◽  
Melanie A. Hom ◽  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Carol Chu ◽  
Ian H. Stanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Eye Blinks ◽  
Potential Clinical Utility ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Lowered eye blink rate may be a clinically useful indicator of acute, imminent, and severe suicide risk. Diminished eye blink rates are often seen among individuals engaged in heightened concentration on a specific task that requires careful planning and attention. Indeed, overcoming one’s biological instinct for survival through suicide necessitates premeditation and concentration; thus, a diminished eye blink rate may signal imminent suicidality. Aims: This article aims to spur research and clinical inquiry into the role of eye blinks as an indicator of acute suicide risk. Method: Literature relevant to the potential connection between eye blink rate and suicidality was reviewed and synthesized. Results: Anecdotal, cognitive, neurological, and conceptual support for the relationship between decreased blink rate and suicide risk is outlined. Conclusion: Given that eye blinks are a highly observable behavior, the potential clinical utility of using eye blink rate as a marker of suicide risk is immense. Research is warranted to explore the association between eye blink rate and acute suicide risk.

Sa107 THE ROLE OF FECAL OCCULT BLOOD TEST IN THE EVALUATION OF ANEMIA IN THE INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ASSESSING THE CLINICAL UTILITY OF THE TEST

2021 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. S-423-S-424
Author(s):  
Thanita Thongtan ◽  
Anasua Deb ◽  
Ashley Maveddat ◽  
Paibul Suriyawongpaisal ◽  
Passisd Laoveeravat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood Test ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Occult Blood Test ◽  
Fecal Occult

Protective Effect of Ifenprodil Against Spreading Depression in the Mouse Entorhinal Cortex

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 2610-2614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Coutinho Faria ◽  
Istvan Mody
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Spreading Depression ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Nmda Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Nr2b Receptor Subunit ◽  
Nr2b Receptor

In the brain, spreading depression (SD) is characterized by a large extracellular DC shift, a massive failure of ion homeostasis and a transient cessation of neuronal function. Clinically, SD is believed to be involved in various neurological disorders including migraine and cerebrovascular diseases. The propagation of cortical SD requires the release of glutamate, and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play a crucial role in this process. Here, we have isolated the NMDA receptor-mediated component of extracellularly recorded field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in layers 2–3 of the entorhinal cortex of murine brain slices. In the absence of GABAA and AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission, stimulation of layer 6 afferents every 15–90 s elicited spontaneous SD on average within 18.5 min after the start of the stimulation. In the presence of ifenprodil, an NR2B receptor subunit-selective NMDA receptor antagonist, the occurrence of SD was nearly abolished. Our results are consistent with an important role of NR2B subunits in triggering SD in the entorhinal cortex.

scholarly journals Functional modulation of PTH1R activation and signalling by RAMP2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Nemec ◽  
Hannes Schihada ◽  
Gunnar Kleinau ◽  
Ulrike Zabel ◽  
Eugene O. Grushevskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Homology Modelling ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Optical Biosensors ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Activated State ◽  
Class B ◽  
Receptor Activity Modifying Proteins ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Receptor-activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) are ubiquitously expressed membrane proteins that associate with different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) including the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R), a class B GPCR, and an important modulator of mineral ion homeostasis and bone metabolism. However, it is unknown whether and how RAMP proteins may affect PTH1R function. Using different optical biosensors to measure the activation of PTH1R and its downstream signalling, we describe here that RAMP2 acts as a specific allosteric modulator of PTH1R, shifting PTH1R to a unique pre-activated state that permits faster activation in a ligand-specific manner. Moreover, RAMP2 modulates PTH1R downstream signalling in an agonist-dependent manner, most notably increasing the PTH-mediated Gi3 signalling sensitivity. Additionally, RAMP2 increases both PTH- and PTHrP-triggered β-arrestin2 recruitment to PTH1R. Employing homology modelling we describe the putative structural molecular basis underlying our functional findings. These data uncover a critical role of RAMPs in the activation and signalling of a GPCR that may provide a new venue for highly specific modulation of GPCR function and advanced drug design.

scholarly journals Role of reduced thyroid hormone status on bone mineral metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
X Lourdes Sandy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Bone Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Hormone Status ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients

Background: The most common endocrine disorder is hypothyroidism which accounts to 11%. Thyroid hormones have a wide array of functions such as physiological growth and development of skeletal system, maintenance of basal metabolic rate and regulation of various metabolisms, including mineral metabolism. Nowadays due to its direct action on bone turn over, thyroid hormones are considered to have an important role on bone mineral metabolism. Thyroid disorders are important cause for secondary osteoporosis. So the present study was done to know the levels of bone minerals, calcium and phosphorus in hypothyroidism and its relation with thyroid hormone levels. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 30 hypothyroid patients and 30 euthyroid healthy controls in the age group of 20-60 years. Blood samples were collected from all the study population. Serum total triiodothyronine, total thyroxine and TSH by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Serum calcium by Arsenazo III method, phosphorous by ammonium molybdate method were estimated. Results: Serum calcium levels in cases was found to significantly reduced when compared to controls (p<0.001). Serum phosphorous levels also showed considerable elevation in cases when compared to controls (p<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between TSH and serum calcium in cases. Conclusion: The present study indicated the important role of reduced thyroid hormone status on bone mineral metabolism. This study concludes that serum calcium was significantly reduced and phosphorus levels were significantly increased in hypothyroid patients when compared to euthyroid control subjects. So frequent monitoring of serum calcium and phosphorus in hypothyroid patients would reduce the burden of bone pathologies.

scholarly journals Critical role of WNK1 in MYC-dependent early mouse thymocyte development

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Köchl ◽  
Lesley Vanes ◽  
Miriam Llorian Sopena ◽  
Probir Chakravarty ◽  
Harald Hartweger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Thymocyte Development ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
Mouse Thymocyte ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Tcr Signals ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Early Mouse

WNK1, a kinase that controls kidney salt homeostasis, also regulates adhesion and migration in CD4+ T cells. Wnk1 is highly expressed in thymocytes, and since migration is important for thymocyte maturation, we investigated a role for WNK1 in mouse thymocyte development. We find that WNK1 is required for the transition of double negative (DN) thymocytes through the β-selection checkpoint and subsequent proliferation and differentiation into double positive (DP) thymocytes. Furthermore, we show that WNK1 negatively regulates LFA1-mediated adhesion and positively regulates CXCL12-induced migration in DN thymocytes. Despite this, migration defects of WNK1-deficient thymocytes do not account for the developmental arrest. Instead, we show that in DN thymocytes WNK1 transduces pre-TCR signals via OXSR1 and STK39 kinases, and the SLC12A2 ion co-transporter that are required for post-transcriptional upregulation of MYC and subsequent proliferation and differentiation into DP thymocytes. Thus, a pathway regulating ion homeostasis is a critical regulator of thymocyte development.

scholarly journals A Case of Neonatal Marfan Syndrome: A Management Conundrum and the Role of a Multidisciplinary Team

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott J. Carande ◽  
Samuel J. Bilton ◽  
Satish Adwani
Keyword(s):  
Marfan Syndrome ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Mitral Valve Regurgitation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Chromosome 15 ◽  
Fibrillin 1 ◽  
Neonatal Marfan Syndrome

Neonatal Marfan syndrome (nMFS) is a rare condition with a poor prognosis. It is genotypically and phenotypically distinct from the typical Marfan syndrome and carries a poorer prognosis. This case report describes the progression of a 14-month-old girl diagnosed with nMFS at 5 months of age. Her diagnosis followed the identification of a fibrillin-1 mutation (FBN1gene, exon 26, chromosome 15), which is a common locus of nMFS. This patient developed severe cardiac complications resulting in congestive cardiac failure in early life and required major cardiac surgery. Since surgical intervention, our patient is still reliant on a degree of ventilator support, but the patient has gained weight and echocardiography has demonstrated improved left ventricular function and improved tricuspid and mitral valve regurgitation. Therefore, we argue the importance of a cautious multidisciplinary approach to early surgical intervention in cases of nMFS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document