scholarly journals Effect of Different Gamma Dose and Chemical Etching on Pre- and Post-Alpha-Irradiated PM-355 Polymer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mostafizur Rahaman ◽  
Govindasami Periyasami ◽  
Ali Aldalbahi
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Induced Defects ◽  
Dominant Peak

This work is based on the effect of different gamma doses with pre- and post-alpha-irradiated PM-355 polymer (polycarbonate of allyl diglycol). The phase crystallinity and structural analysis of the reference and irradiated PM-355 polymer were analyzed using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. It is revealed that the irradiation and etching reduce the %crystallinity but increase the crystallite size of the PM-355 polymer. The increase in crystallite size of PM-355 polymer after irradiation is supported by the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. The etching of the samples results in an increase in its track diameter. The optical band gap energy, measured by ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, shows a decrement trend with the increase of gamma and alpha irradiation doses, and etching for all sets of samples under investigation. The number of carbon atoms per conjugation and per cluster has increased after gamma irradiation and etching. However, the increment is more pronounced for etched samples compared to nonetched ones. This indicates that etching results in a bigger size of cluster. Photoluminescence (PL) for both cases before and after etching has a dominant peak around 430 nm before and after irradiation, and change in peak intensity after irradiation confirmed that particle bombardment induced defects and clusters in the PM-355, which serves as nonradiative centers. The polymer can be used as a detector for gamma irradiation.

Antibacterial Activity of Nickel -Doped ZnO\MWCNTs hybrid Prepared by Sol-Gel technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma M.H. AL-Jawad ◽  
Zahraa S. Shakir ◽  
Duha S. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Doped Zno

ZnO/MWCNTs hybrid and doped with different concentration of Nickel element prepared by using Sol-gel been technique reported. All samples were prepared and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy have been identified the structural, optical and morphological properties. X-ray diffraction showed the polycrystalline nature with hexagonal wutzite structure of hybrid and doped with Nickel. The crystalline size of the hybrid nanostructure was increasing from 23.73 nm to 34.59 nm. Besides, the UV-Vis spectroscopy showed a significant decrease in the band gap values from 2.97 eV to 2.01 eV. Whereas the FE-SEM analysis confirm the formation spherical shapes of ZnO NPs deposited on cylindrical tubes representing the MWCNTs. The antibacterial activity reveals that the inhibition zone of Ni doped-ZnO/MWCNTs hybrid was 28.5 mm, 26.5 mm toward E. coli and S. aureus bacteria, respectively.

A comparative study on characterizations and synthesis of pure lead sulfide (PbS) and Ag-doped PbS for photovoltaic applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1484-1492
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hasnain Jameel ◽  
Shahroz Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Hashim ◽  
Muhammad Sufi Roslan ◽  
Hamoud Hassan Naji Somaily ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Lead Sulfide ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Pure Lead ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Small Lattice ◽  
Device Applications

Abstract In this study, a hydrothermal technique was used to synthesize lead sulfide (PbS) and silver (Ag)-doped PbS nanoparticles (NPs) at different concentrations of 20, 40, and 60% of Ag. The small lattice phase changes appeared due to the shifting of diffraction angle peaks toward higher 2θ for samples doped with PbS with increasing Ag content. The analysis of average crystallite size, phase structure, and lattice constant was observed under X-ray diffraction. The value of crystallite size, volume of the unit cell, and porosity (%) were found to increase with the increasing concentration of Ag NPs in PbS. The pure PbS crystallite size is small compared to Ag-doped PbS. The optical characteristics including absorption spectra of the prepared samples were investigated and confirmed by using scanning electron microscope and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The observation of the composition showed that higher doping concentrations of Ag lead to an increase in particle size. Absorption peaks in the UV-Vis spectra corresponding to pure and 20, 40, and 60% of Ag/PbS were observed at different wavelengths of 368, 369, 371, and 372 nm, respectively. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy peaks were found in the vibration mode of the ions due to the increment in Ag doping concentrations. These results indicate the possibility of tuning the optical structural properties of Ag-doped PbS through doping various concentrations of Ag NPs. Ag-doped PbS is considered promising future semiconductor nanomaterial, which will enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic device applications.

scholarly journals Characterization of Cobalt Sulfide Thin Films Synthesized from Acidic Chemical Baths

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tizazu Abza ◽  
Dereje Gelanu Dadi ◽  
Fekadu Gashaw Hone ◽  
Tesfaye Chebelew Meharu ◽  
Gebremeskel Tekle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Cobalt Sulfide ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Face Centered

Cobalt sulfide thin films were synthesized from acidic chemical baths by varying the deposition time. The powder X-ray diffraction studies indicated that there are hexagonal CoS, face-centered cubic Co3S4, and cubic Co9S8 phases of cobalt sulfide. The crystallite size of the hexagonal CoS phase decreased from 52.8 nm to 22.5 nm and that of the cubic Co9S8 phase increased from 11 nm to 60 nm as the deposition time increased from 2 hrs to 3.5 hrs. The scanning electron microscopic images revealed crack and pinhole free thin films with uniform and smooth background and few large polygonal grains on the surface. The band gap of the cobalt sulfide thin films decreased from 1.75 eV to 1.3 eV as the deposition time increased from 2 hrs to 3.5 hrs. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the films confirmed the emission of ultraviolet, violet, and blue lights. The intense PL emission of violet light at 384 nm had red shifted with increasing deposition time that could be resulted from the increase in the average crystallite size. The FTIR spectra of the films indicated the presence of OH, C-O-H, C-O, double sulfide, and Co-S groups. As the deposition time increased, the electrical resistivity of the cobalt sulfide thin films decreased due to the increase in both the crystallite size and the films’ thickness.

The Performance of Cemented Femoral Prosthesis Based on New Gel Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1194-1204
Author(s):  
Daliang Kong ◽  
Chao Du ◽  
Chuangang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Femoral Prosthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
Hip Replacement Surgery ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cement Prosthesis

In view of the problems in hip replacement, a new gel material is developed and incorporated into cemented femoral prosthesis. The material precipitates hydroxyapatite (HA) onto silk fibroin (SF) by biomimetic method, namely silk fibroin hydroxyapatite (SF–HA). Through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, HA precipitates on SF. Taking the gel time as the standard, 5 groups of gel materials are selected. Through in vitro degradation experiments, the degradation rate of these materials is 45%∼55%. Cell experiments (mouse L929 cells, osteoblasts HO-F) show that these cells have no cytotoxicity and support the growth of osteoblasts. In addition, in the vivo experiment (two groups), one group was treated with gelatin materials and the other group is treated with bone cement prosthesis transplantation directly. Comparing the indexes before and after operation, it proves that the new gel material has great application value in hip replacement surgery.

Research on Solid Wastes of Gangue, Slag, Fly Ash Used as Cement Composite Mixing Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1486-1489
Author(s):  
Jian Guo Liao ◽  
Qian Ma ◽  
Yi Shun Zhang ◽  
Zhi Yang Song ◽  
Kai Hang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mixed Material ◽  
Cement Strength

The purpose of this study is to bring the fly ash, coal gangue and slag industrial solid wastes which contain the chemical composition for activation treatment, used as activated composite cement mixing materials, through strength test shows that the compound mixing materials impermeability activation treatment can obviously increase the cement strength. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis results showed that the crystal structure of the mixed material calcined before and after have apparent change. There are lesss hydration products with compact structure of cement hydration 3d. The early strength of aiding composite mixing materials cement improved greatly.

A Facile Method for Synthesis of CdS/P(St-сo-MMA) Nanorods Composite and Characterization of its Optical Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Asghari Jila ◽  
Khoje Golshad
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Confinement Effect ◽  
Cadmium Sulphide ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Cds Nanoparticles ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mass Approximation ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Methyl Metacrylate

Composite of Cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticle on the surface of polystyrene- co- maleic anidride (St-co-MMA) were prepared via surfactant free emulsion polymerization. Methylmetacrylate (MMA) was used as auxiliary monomer which co-polymerized with styren (St) and provided the side for coordinating with Cd2+. By the coordination of Cd2+ ions to methyl metacrylate, decoration of the Cd2+ ions on the surface of copolymer were prepared successfully. With the release of S2- ions from the thioacetamide (TAA), CdS was formed on the surface of nanorods copolymer in facile method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of nanocomposite was confirmed the polymerization of monomers. Structure and morphology of CdS nanoparticles have been characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD measurements suggest the cubic structure for CdS and the particles size was estimated to about 3.35 nm by applying Scherrer’s equation. The SEM analysis confirmed the nanorode structure of CdS/ (St-co-MMA) composite. The photoluminescence (PL) and UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed the quantum confinement effect in the CdS/ (St-co-MMA) nanocomposite. Using effective mass approximation (EMA) method particle sizes were calculated from the shift in optical band gap. The thermal properties of the CdS/ (MMA-co-St) were explored by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The improved thermal stability of nanocomposite was attributed to the interaction of CdS nanoparticles with polymer. The CdS/ (MMA-co-St) nanocomposite exhibited a glass transition temperature around 250◦C.

scholarly journals Gamma Irradiation Effects on n-ZnSe/n-Si Isotype Heterojunctions

Silicon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indudhar Panduranga Vali ◽  
Rashmitha Keshav ◽  
M. Rajeshwari ◽  
K. S. Vaishnavi ◽  
M. G. Mahesha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Thermionic Emission ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural And Electrical Properties ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Gamma Irradiated ◽  
Znse Thin Films ◽  
Induced Defects

AbstractTo get an insight into the isotype heterojunction (IHJ) properties, the influence of gamma irradiation (GI) on the structural and electrical properties of n-ZnSe/n-Si has been presented. The ZnSe thin films were deposited onto the n-Si substrate by thermal evaporation technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed the nanocrystalline nature of ZnSe thin films with prominent (111) orientation. The gamma irradiated samples displayed no crystallographic phase transformation up to 10 kGy irradiation doses. But noticeable and inconsistent modifications in the different lattice parameters were observed due to irradiation-induced effects. From the analysis of I-V characteristics, it has been found a similar trend in the variation of lattice mismatch, Schottky barrier height and interface trap parameter at different irradiation doses. Thus demonstrating the poor rectification properties of n-ZnSe/n-Si IHJs due to intrinsic and gamma-induced defects, and their role in the space charge limited conduction (SCLC) mechanism that significantly dominating over the thermionic emission (TE) mechanism across the barrier.

scholarly journals Morphological, Structural and Optical Characterization of Bottom-Up Growth of Ag-WO3 Core-Shell Nano-Cube Heterostructures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad A. Imam ◽  
Nitin Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Tauc Plot ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Thermal Annealing Process

A new class of nano-cube core-shell heterostructures containing Ag coating on the top of WO3 was fabricated. Physical vapor deposition was used to produce WO3 based nano-heterostructures. All kind of wet toxic chemical process was avoided to make the process simple and contaminant free. Sputtering of WO3 and a subsequent thermal annealing process was done to create nano-cubes of WO3. After that, sputtering of Ag was performed to form the Ag-WO3 core-shell nano-heterostructures (CSNH). The CSNHs were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and UV-vis spectroscopy. The morphologies, elemental analysis, interfaces, crystallinity, phases, and chemical compositions were analyzed. The bottom-up growth of WO3 nanocubes was studied using different time periods at 900°C. Ag coating was also studied before and after annealing. Finally, an optical property (band gap) was also analyzed using Tauc plot derive from absorption spectra. The tailoring the band gap of WO3 from ~2.9eV to ~ 2.45 eV was observed while Ag-WO3 CSNH formed.

scholarly journals The effect of gamma-irradiation on graphene oxide in a monoglyceride/ethanol solution

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Anh Tuyen Luu ◽  
Thuc Huy Ha ◽  
Thanh Duoc Nguyen ◽  
Binh Doan ◽  
Thu Hong Pham Thi
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Etoh Solution ◽  
Irradiation Sample

Gamma-irradiation effects on graphene oxide (GO) in a monoglyceride/ethanol (MG/EtOH) solution was investigated.  GO was dispersed in MG/EtOH solution (GOM) with the GO: MG ratio of 1:10 (w/w). The prepared GOM was irradiated by g-ray under nitrogen atmosphere in a range of absorbed dose from 0 to 50 kGy. The characteristics and morphology of reduced GOM were analyzed by Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results confirmed that the structure of reduced graphene oxide in monoglyceride solution was changed and exfoliated completely after g-ray irradiation at absorbed dose 50 kGy compared with non-irradiation sample.

Effect of Li Substitution in MgO Nanostructured on Band Gap Energy via Combustion Synthesis Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Nor Fadilah Chayed ◽  
Nurhanna Badar ◽  
Kelimah Elong ◽  
Norlida Kamarulzaman
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gap Energy ◽  
Polyhedral Shape ◽  
Band Gap Narrowing ◽  
Li Substitution

Preparation of MgO and Mg0.9Li0.2O materials using self-propagating combustion method are done to investigate the effect of substitution doping on the band gap energy. The synthesis condition has been optimized to obtain pure and single phase of MgO and Mg0.9Li0.2O materials and was confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The morphology obtained from field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) is spherical and rounded polyhedral shape with agglomeration of crystallites for MgO and Mg0.9Li0.2O materials respectively. The crystallite size of MgO and Mg0.9 Li0.2O samples is between 50 nm to 120 nm and 200 nm to 1500 nm respectively. The band gap was determined by UV-Vis NIR spectrophotometer and it was found that the band gap obtained for MgO nanostructure is 6.10 eV which is lower than bulk MgO of 7.8 eV. The presence of Li in the MgO had caused changes in morphology, crystallite size and band gap narrowing to 3.83 eV.

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