scholarly journals Childhood Allergy Disease, Early Diagnosis, and the Potential of Salivary Protein Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
N. H. M. Zainal ◽  
R. Abas ◽  
S. F. Mohamad Asri
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Food Challenge ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Allergic disease has risen to epidemic proportions since the last decade and is among the most common noncommunicable, chronic diseases in children and adolescents worldwide. Allergic disease usually occurs in early life; thus, early biomarkers of allergic susceptibility are required for preventive measures to high-risk infants which enable early interventions to decrease allergic severity. However, to date, there is no reliable general or specific allergy phenotype detection method that is easy and noninvasive for children. Most reported allergic phenotype detection methods are invasive, such as the skin prick test (SPT), oral food challenge (OFC), and blood test, and many involve not readily accessible biological samples, such as cord blood (CB), maternal blood, or newborn vernix. Saliva is a biological sample that has great potential as a biomarker measurement as it consists of an abundance of biomarkers, such as genetic material and proteins. It is easily accessible, noninvasive, collected via a painless procedure, and an easy bedside screening for real-time measurement of the ongoing human physiological system. All these advantages emphasise saliva as a very promising diagnostic candidate for the detection and monitoring of disease biomarkers, especially in children. Furthermore, protein biomarkers have the advantages as modifiable influencing factors rather than genetic and epigenetic factors that are mostly nonmodifiable factors for allergic disease susceptibility in childhood. Saliva has great potential to replace serum as a biological fluid biomarker in diagnosing clinical allergy. However, to date, saliva is not considered as an established medically acceptable biomarker. This review considers whether the saliva could be suitable biological samples for early detection of allergic risk. Such tools may be used as justification for targeted interventions in early childhood for disease prevention and assisting in reducing morbidity and mortality caused by childhood allergy.

scholarly journals Electrokinetic Formation of “Microbridges” for Protein Biomarkers as Sensors

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vindhya Kunduru ◽  
Shalini Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Microelectrode Array ◽  
Protein Detection ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Polystyrene Beads ◽  
Conducting Path

We demonstrate a technique to detect protein biomarkers contained in vulnerable coronary plaque using a platform-based microelectrode array (MEA). The detection scheme is based on the property of high specificity binding between antibody and antigen similar to most immunoassay techniques. Rapid clinical diagnosis can be achieved by detecting the amount of protein in blood by analyzing the protein's electrical signature. Polystyrene beads which act as transportation agents for the immobile proteins (antigen) are electrically aligned by application of homogenous electric fields. The principle of electrophoresis is used to produce calculated electrokinetic movement among the anti-C-reactive protein (CRP), or in other words antibody funtionalized polystyrene beads. The electrophoretic movement of antibody-functionalized polystyrene beads results in the formation of “Microbridges” between the two electrodes of interest which aid in the amplification of the antigen—antibody binding event. Sensitive electrical equipment is used for capturing the amplified signal from the “Microbridge” which essentially behaves as a conducting path between the two electrodes. The technique circumvents the disadvantages of conventional protein detection methods by being rapid, noninvasive, label-free, repeatable, and inexpensive. The same principle of detection can be applied for any receptor—ligand-based system because the technique is based only on the volume of the analyte of interest. Detection of the inflammatory coronary disease biomarker CRP is achieved at concentration levels spanning over the lower microgram/milliliter to higher order nanogram/milliliter ranges.

Recent Studies and Patents in Salivary Protein Biomarkers for Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sompop Bencharit ◽  
Charles R. Mack ◽  
Escher L. Howard-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Protein Biomarkers

scholarly journals Liquid Biopsy in Gastrointestinal Cancers

Diagnostics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Saini ◽  
Yash Pershad ◽  
Hassan Albadawi ◽  
Malia Kuo ◽  
Sadeer Alzubaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Biopsy Material

Liquid biopsy is the sampling of any biological fluid in an effort to enrich and analyze a tumor’s genetic material. Peripheral blood remains the most studied liquid biopsy material, with circulating tumor cells (CTC’s) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) allowing the examination and longitudinal monitoring of a tumors genetic landscape. With applications in cancer screening, prognostic stratification, therapy selection and disease surveillance, liquid biopsy represents an exciting new paradigm in the field of cancer diagnostics and offers a less invasive and more comprehensive alternative to conventional tissue biopsy. Here, we examine liquid biopsies in gastrointestinal cancers, specifically colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers, with an emphasis on applications in diagnostics, prognostics and therapeutics.

scholarly journals DNA Extraction and Host Depletion Methods Significantly Impact and Potentially Bias Bacterial Detection in a Biological Fluid

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Ganda ◽  
Kristen L. Beck ◽  
Niina Haiminen ◽  
Justin D. Silverman ◽  
Ban Kawas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Bacterial Detection ◽  
Do So

Tracking the bacterial communities present in our food has the potential to inform food safety and product origin. To do so, the entire genetic material present in a sample is extracted using chemical methods or commercially available kits and sequenced using next-generation platforms to provide a snapshot of the microbial composition.

Occupational Contamination with Cyclophosphamide in Manipulators

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Martins ◽  
Z Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Main Route ◽  
Scientific Papers

Abstract Introduction Cyclophosphamide is a cytotoxic widely used in the treatment of various cancers. It has been observed, for many years, that those responsible for its handling and administration are exposed and levels of contamination have been detected in biological samples collected from these professionals, in surfaces and in the air. Objectives To review the literature on occupational contamination by cyclophosphamide. Methodology The following inclusion criteria were selected: articles published until the present year, articles in English, scientific papers on cyclophosphamide contamination in hospital health professionals, scientific articles on contamination detection methods and articles on the effects that can outcome from cyclophosphamide contamination. Results The cyclophosphamide levels have been decreasing with the implementation of preparation and cleaning guidelines as well as with the emergence of new techniques of manipulation and technological innovations. However, the dermal route remains the main route of contamination and those responsible for cytotoxic manipulation are not the only ones exposed. It was verified that hospital professionals, who in their profession would not be in contact with cyclophosphamide, also presented levels of contamination in the collected urine samples. Conclusion It is necessary to continue to alert hospital professionals to the importance of always complying with the handling and cleaning protocols, since one of the main causes of contamination is precisely the performance of incorrect procedures during both tasks. This is a topic that should be further studied in order to minimize the exposure and consequently the associated risks.

A shotgun proteomic approach reveals novel potential salivary protein biomarkers for asthma

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Orapan Poachanukoon ◽  
Sittiruk Roytrakul ◽  
Sittichai Koontongkaew
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Proteomic Approach

A multiplex immunoassay for the non-invasive detection of bladder cancer.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 471-471
Author(s):  
Charles Joel Rosser ◽  
Yoshiko Shimizu ◽  
Hideki Furuya ◽  
Peter Bryant-Greenwood ◽  
Owen Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Multiplex Assay ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Multiplex Immunoassay ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Test

471 Background: Urine based assays that can non-invasively detect bladder cancer (BCa) have the potential to reduce unnecessary and invasive procedures. The purpose of this study was to develop a multiplex immunoassay that can accurately and simultaneously monitor 10 diagnostic urinary protein biomarkers for application as a non-invasive test for BCa detection Methods: A custom electrochemiluminescent (ECL) multiplex assay was constructed (Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC, Rockville, MD) to detect the following urinary proteins; IL8, MMP9, MMP10, ANG, APOE, SDC1, A1AT, PAI1, CA9 and VEGFA. Voided urine samples from two cohorts (cohort #1 n = 62 and cohort #2 n = 200) were collected prior to cystoscopy and samples were analyzed blinded to the clinical status of the participants. Means (±SD) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to compare assay performance and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the diagnostic signature. Results: Comparative diagnostic performance analyses revealed an AUROC value of 0.9258 for the multiplex assay and 0.9467 for the combination of the single-target ELISA assays (p = 0.625), so there was no loss of diagnostic utility for the MSD multiplex assay. Analysis of the independent 200-sample cohort using the multiplex assay achieved an overall diagnostic sensitivity of 0.85, specificity of 0.81, positive predictive value 0.82 and negative predictive value 0.84. Conclusions: It is technically feasible to simultaneously monitor complex urinary diagnostic signatures in a single assay without loss of performance. The described protein-based assay has the potential to be developed for the non-invasive detection of BCa.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document