scholarly journals The New Design Nanocapsules from Interactions between Atoms and Carbon Nanotubes with End Caps

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Prangsai Tiangtrong ◽  
Narong Chaihathep
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
C60 Fullerene ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Magic Bullet ◽  
Nonbonded Interactions ◽  
End Caps ◽  
Elementary Mechanics

A massive interest has arisen in nanocapsule, and it is used in different fields. Carbon nanotubes and fullerene are the most commonly used nanomaterials due to their remarkable properties, such as optical, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Especially in biomedical science, nanocapsules are highly recommended to be applied as carriers for drugs. From the Magic bullet theory, it is expected that the nanocapsules can deliver drugs to the target cells, which can reduce the side effects on the nontargeted cells. In this research, we design a new nanocapsule consisting of a finite-length single-wall carbon nanotube with two end caps which are hemispheres of C60 fullerene. By using elementary mechanics and mathematical modelling, we can determine the exact formulae and their numerical solutions of nonbonded interactions between the nanocapsules and the atoms Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Ni, Zn, and Pb which are assumed to be located in the middle of the nanocapsules. Therefore, the optimal lengths of the carbon nanotubes for each case of atoms are determined. This research is a guideline for studying the interaction between the drug and the nanocapsule in the drug delivery system.

scholarly journals Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Properties and Applications in Water Purification, Drug Delivery, Material and Biomedical Science

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama Dubey ◽  
Dhiraj Dutta ◽  
Arpan Sarkar ◽  
Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
The Ideal

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as one of the ideal materials due to their high surface area, high aspect ratio, impressive material properties, such as mechanical strength, thermal and electrical...

Carbon Nanotubes, Quantum Dots and Dendrimers as Potential Nanodevices for Nanotechnology Drug Delivery Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 2113-2124
Author(s):  
Prashant Malik ◽  
Neha Gulati ◽  
Raj Kaur Malik ◽  
Upendra Nagaich
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Sustained Drug Delivery ◽  
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology ◽  
Conventional Device

Nanotechnology deal with the particle size in nanometers. Nanotechnology is ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self assembly, from developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale to direct control of matter on the atomic scale. In nanotechnology mainly three types of nanodevices are described: carbon nanotubes, quantum dots and dendrimers. It is a recent technique used as small size particles to treat many diseases like cancer, gene therapy and used as diagnostics. Nanotechnology used to formulate targeted, controlled and sustained drug delivery systems. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology embraces applications of nanoscience to pharmacy as nanomaterials and as devices like drug delivery, diagnostic, imaging and biosensor materials. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology has provided more fine tuned diagnosis and focused treatment of disease at a molecular level.    

scholarly journals Combined Method to Remove Endotoxins from Protein Nanocages for Drug Delivery Applications: The Case of Human Ferritin

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Filippo Silva ◽  
Leopoldo Sitia ◽  
Raffaele Allevi ◽  
Arianna Bonizzi ◽  
Marta Sevieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Clinical Phase ◽  
Main Challenge

Protein nanocages represent an emerging candidate among nanoscaled delivery systems. Indeed, they display unique features that proved to be very interesting from the nanotechnological point of view such as uniform structure, stability in biological fluids, suitability for surface modification to insert targeting moieties and loading with different drugs and dyes. However, one of the main concerns regards the production as recombinant proteins in E. coli, which leads to a product with high endotoxin contamination, resulting in nanocage immunogenicity and pyrogenicity. Indeed, a main challenge in the development of protein-based nanoparticles is finding effective procedures to remove endotoxins without affecting protein stability, since every intravenous injectable formulation that should be assessed in preclinical and clinical phase studies should display endotoxins concentration below the admitted limit of 5 EU/kg. Different strategies could be employed to achieve such a result, either by using affinity chromatography or detergents. However, these strategies are not applicable to protein nanocages as such and require implementations. Here we propose a combined protocol to remove bacterial endotoxins from nanocages of human H-ferritin, which is one of the most studied and most promising protein-based drug delivery systems. This protocol couples the affinity purification with the Endotrap HD resin to a treatment with Triton X-114. Exploiting this protocol, we were able to obtain excellent levels of purity maintaining good protein recovery rates, without affecting nanocage interactions with target cells. Indeed, binding assay and confocal microscopy experiments confirm that purified H-ferritin retains its capability to specifically recognize cancer cells. This procedure allowed to obtain injectable formulations, which is preliminary to move to a clinical trial.

scholarly journals Profiling of Sub-Lethal in Vitro Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Reveals Changes in Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Keshavan ◽  
Fernando Torres Andón ◽  
Audrey Gallud ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Knut Reinert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Chemokine Receptors ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Chemokine Signaling ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Downstream Analysis ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Engineered nanomaterials are potentially very useful for a variety of applications, but studies are needed to ascertain whether these materials pose a risk to human health. Here, we studied three benchmark nanomaterials (Ag nanoparticles, TiO2 nanoparticles, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNTs) procured from the nanomaterial repository at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. Having established a sub-lethal concentration of these materials using two human cell lines representative of the immune system and the lungs, respectively, we performed RNA sequencing of the macrophage-like cell line after exposure for 6, 12, and 24 h. Downstream analysis of the transcriptomics data revealed significant effects on chemokine signaling pathways. CCR2 was identified as the most significantly upregulated gene in MWCNT-exposed cells. Using multiplex assays to evaluate cytokine and chemokine secretion, we could show significant effects of MWCNTs on several chemokines, including CCL2, a ligand of CCR2. The results demonstrate the importance of evaluating sub-lethal concentrations of nanomaterials in relevant target cells.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Poly(methacrylic acid-co-butyl acrylate) Grafted onto Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josué A. Torres-Ávalos ◽  
Leonardo R. Cajero-Zul ◽  
Milton Vázquez-Lepe ◽  
Fernando A. López-Dellamary ◽  
Antonio Martínez-Richa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Methacrylic Acid ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ir And Raman Spectroscopies ◽  
Ft Ir

Design of a smart drug delivery system is a topic of current interest. Under this perspective, polymer nanocomposites (PNs) of butyl acrylate (BA), methacrylic acid (MAA), and functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTsf) were synthesized by in situ emulsion polymerization (IEP). Carbon nanotubes were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and purified with steam. Purified CNTs were analyzed by FE-SEM and HR-TEM. CNTsf contain acyl chloride groups attached to their surface. Purified and functionalized CNTs were studied by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopies. The synthesized nanocomposites were studied by XPS, 13C-NMR, and DSC. Anhydride groups link CNTsf to MAA–BA polymeric chains. The potentiality of the prepared nanocomposites, and of their pure polymer matrices to deliver hydrocortisone, was evaluated in vitro by UV–VIS spectroscopy. The relationship between the chemical structure of the synthesized nanocomposites, or their pure polymeric matrices, and their ability to release hydrocortisone was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. The hydrocortisone release profile of some of the studied nanocomposites is driven by a change in the inter-associated to self-associated hydrogen bonds balance. The CNTsf used to prepare the studied nanocomposites act as hydrocortisone reservoirs.

Static and Free Vibration Analyses of Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composite Plates using CS-DSG3

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850133 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Truong-Thi ◽  
T. Vo-Duy ◽  
V. Ho-Huu ◽  
T. Nguyen-Thoi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Free Vibration ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Triangular Element ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Strain Smoothing ◽  
Discrete Shear Gap

This study presents an extension of the cell-based smoothed discrete shear gap method (CS-DSG3) using three-node triangular elements for the static and free vibration analyses of carbon nanotube reinforced composite (CNTRC) plates. The single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are assumed to be uniformly distributed (UD) and functionally graded (FG) distributed along the thickness direction. The material properties of carbon nanotube-reinforced composite plates are estimated according to the rule of mixture. The governing equations are developed based on the first-order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT). In the CS-DSG3, each triangular element will be divided into three sub-triangles, and in each sub-triangle, the stabilized discrete shear gap method is used to compute the strains and to avoid the transverse shear locking. Then the strain smoothing technique on the whole triangular element is used to smooth the strains on these three sub-triangles. Effects of several parameters, such as the different distribution of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanotube volume fraction, boundary condition and width-to-thickness ratio of plates are investigated. In addition, the effect of various orientation angles of CNTs is also examined in detail. The accuracy and reliability of the proposed method are verified by comparing its numerical solutions with those of other available results in the literature.

Recent trends in carbon nanotubes based prostate cancer therapy: A biomedical hybrid for diagnosis and treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Murugesan ◽  
Sureshkumar Raman
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
High Level

: At present treatment methods for cancer are limited, partially due to the solubility, poor cellular distribution of drug molecules and, the incapability of drugs to annoy the cellular barriers. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) generally have excellent physio-chemical properties, which include high-level penetration into the cell membrane, high surface area and high capacity of drug loading by in circulating modification with bio-molecules, project them as an appropriate candidate to diagnose and deliver drugs to prostate cancer (PCa). Additionally, the chemically modified CNTs which have excellent 'Biosensing' properties therefore makes it easy for detecting PCa without fluorescent agent and thus targets the particular site of PCa and also, Drug delivery can accomplish a high efficacy, enhanced permeability with less toxic effects. While CNTs have been mainly engaged in cancer treatment, a few studies are focussed on the diagnosis and treatment of PCa. Here, we detailly reviewed the current progress of the CNTs based diagnosis and targeted drug delivery system for managing and curing PCa.

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