scholarly journals Study on the Effects of Individualized Nutritional Intervention on Pregnancy Outcome and Neonatal Immune Function in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Zhang ◽  
Yudan Wu ◽  
Liye Miao
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Spontaneous Delivery

Objective. To study the effects of individualized nutritional intervention on pregnancy outcome and neonatal immune function in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 GDM patients from the obstetrics and gynecology department of our institute between February 2019 and February 2020. The patients were allocated into the control group given regular intervention and the experimental group given individualized nutritional intervention according to different intervention measures, with 50 cases in each group. The comparison was carried out for patients in the two groups with regard to their modality of delivery, neonatal health, their plasma glucose in fasting state, 2 h after eating, and before bedtime; glycohemoglobin at 8 months of pregnancy, at 9 months of pregnancy, during labor, and 1 month after delivery; their complications; and neonatal CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ levels. Results. The experimental group outperformed the control group in terms of the spontaneous delivery rate, the number of healthy neonates, and neonatal CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ levels ( P < 0.05 ). The plasma glucose in fasting state, 2 h after eating, and before bedtime; the glycohemoglobin at 8 months of pregnancy, at 9 months of pregnancy, during labor, and 1 month after delivery; and the incidence of complications of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Individualized nutritional intervention increases the rate of spontaneous delivery in GDM patients, enhances neonatal immune function, stabilizes plasma glucose, and reduces complications.

Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 895-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Safian ◽  
Farzaneh Esna-Ashari ◽  
Shiva Borzouei
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Aims: Investigation thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Background: This article was written to evaluate the thyroid function and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti- TPO) antibodies in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Method: A total of 252 women with GDM and 252 healthy pregnant women were enrolled. Thyroid tests, including TSH, FreeT3, Free T4, and anti-TPO were performed for all women at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Data analysis was then carried out using SPSS ver. 22. Result: There was a significant difference between the experimental group (38.4%) and the control group (14.06%) in terms of the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (p= 0.016). The frequency of anti-TPO was higher in the experimental group than the control group and positive anti-TPO was observed in 18.6% of women with GDM and 10.3% of healthy pregnant women (P= 0.008). Conclusion: Thyroid disorders are observed in pregnant women with GDM more frequently than healthy individuals and it may be thus reasonable to perform thyroid tests routinely.

scholarly journals Effect of a Mediterranean Diet-Based Nutritional Intervention on the Risk of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Other Maternal-Fetal Adverse Events in Hispanic Women Residents in Spain

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3505
Author(s):  
Verónica Melero ◽  
Nuria García de la Torre ◽  
Carla Assaf-Balut ◽  
Inés Jiménez ◽  
Laura del Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tract Infections

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most frequent morbidity found in pregnancy, and it increases the risk for several maternal-fetal complications. Hispanic women are considered at high risk. The St. Carlos GDM prevention study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted from 2016–2017. Normoglycemic women were randomized at 12–14 Gestation week (WG) to an intervention group (IG) receiving recommendations based on the MedDiet (supplemented with ExtraVirgin Olive Oil/pistachios), or to a control group (CG), recommended to limit fat intake. After RCT conclusion, IG recommendations were applied to a real-world group (RW) in routine clinical practice. The primary endpoint of the current study is an assessment of the GDM rate in Hispanic participants of the aforementioned studies: 132 RCT, 128 CT, 284 RW participants. The GDM rate was lower in IG: 19/128(14.8%), p = 0.021, and RW: 38/284(13.4%), p = 0.029) than in CG: 34/132(25.8%). Adjusted RR (95%CI) for GDM: 0.72 (0.50–0.97), p = 0.037 in IG and 0.77 (0.61–0.97), p = 0.008 in RW. Rates of urinary tract infections, emergency caesarean-sections and perineal trauma were also lower in IG and RW. Other adverse outcomes were lower in IG vs. CG. In conclusion, a MedDiet-based intervention reduces the rate of GDM and several adverse maternal-fetal outcomes in Hispanic women residing in Spain.

scholarly journals The effect of social Nervous (SaSo) exercise with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) on gestational diabetes mellitus among Indonesian pregnant women: a quasi-experimental study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effatul Afifah ◽  
Detty Siti Nurdiati ◽  
Hamam Hadi ◽  
Zainal Muttaqien Sofro ◽  
Ahmad Hamim Sadewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a carbohydrate intolerance condition that is diagnosed for the first-time during pregnancy and is associated with various adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mother and child, such as increased rates of perinatal complications and long-term morbidity. Exercise is a strategy to reduce hyperglycemia experienced during gestational diabetes mellitus. One type of exercise that can be done is a social nervous exercise (SaSo). SaSo can stimulate the parasympathetic or myelinated vagus nerves and control blood glucose by stimulating autonomic nerves system so that nerve homeostasis and glucose homeostasis occur. This study aimed to determine the impact of a SaSo program consisting of warm-up, core (prayer movements) and cool-down exercises on glucose homeostasis (HOMA-IR) parameters in women with GDM. Methods The study used a quasi-experimental design. Thirty-seven women with GDM at 24-28 weeks gestation were divided into an experimental group (n=19) with a regularly supervised SaSo program (n=18). The control group received only standard antenatal care for GDM. The exercise program started from the time of diagnosis of diabetes to six weeks of intervention conducted twice per week with sessions lasting 40-45 minutes. Bivariate analysis was used to test the difference in means with pretest and posttest results. Results Majority of pregnant women were in the not at-risk age category for control and intervention groups (79% and 83%, respectively). The baseline data results for the experimental and control groups were homogeneous, with no difference in baseline variables (P>0.05). The social nervous exercise experimental group had lower mean difference (MD±SD) levels of insulin resistence in late pregnancy compared to the control group (-9.15±10.06 vs 3.42 ±14.84) (P=0.004). Conclusions A social nervous exercise program has a beneficial effect on insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels in late pregnancy. Further research needs to be done with larger studies to confirm the findings of this study. Trial registration: Ethical approval was obtained from the Medical and Health Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta (KE/0978/08/2019).

Diet and Nutritional Interventions with the Special Role of Myo-Inositol in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Management. An Evidence-Based Critical Appraisal

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 2467-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Reyes-Muñoz ◽  
Federica Di Guardo ◽  
Michal Ciebiera ◽  
Ilker Kahramanoglu ◽  
Thozhukat Sathyapalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Dose Frequency ◽  
Nutritional Interventions

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, represents one of the most common maternal-fetal complications during pregnancy and it is associated with poor perinatal outcomes. To date, GDM is a rising condition over the last decades coinciding with the ongoing epidemic of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Objective: The aim of this review is to discuss the role of diet and nutritional interventions in preventing GDM with the explanation of the special role of myo-inositol (MI) in this matter. Methods: We performed an overview of the most recent literature data on the subject with particular attention to the effectiveness of diet and nutritional interventions in the prevention of GDM with the special role of MI. Results: Nutritional intervention and physical activity before and during pregnancy are mandatory in women affected by GDM. Moreover, the availability of insulin-sensitizers such as different forms of inositol has dramatically changed the scenario, allowing the treatment of several metabolic diseases, such as those related to glucose dysbalance. Although the optimal dose, frequency, and form of MI administration need to be further investigated, diet supplementation with MI appears to be an attractive alternative for the GDM prevention as well as for the reduction of GDM-related complications. Conclusion: More studies should be conducted to prove the most effective nutritional intervention in GDM. Regarding the potential effectiveness of MI, further evidence in multicenter, randomized controlled trials is needed to draw firm conclusions.

scholarly journals Associations between gestational diabetes mellitus and the neurodevelopment of offspring from 1 month to 72 months: study protocol for a cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e040305
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Yixi Cai ◽  
Bin Peng ◽  
Yongfang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Open Access Journals

IntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common gestational disease and an important global public health problem. GDM may affect the short-term and long-term health of offspring, but the associations between GDM and the neurodevelopment of offspring of mothers with GDM (OGDM) are still unclear, and studies based on the Chinese population are lacking. We aim to determine the associations between GDM and the neurodevelopment of OGDM by studying a cohort of OGDM and offspring of non-GDM mothers.Methods and analysisThe single-centre prospective cohort study is being conducted in China over 7 years. A total of 490 OGDM (GDM group) and 490 fromof healthy mothers (control group) will be enrolled during the same period. Baseline characteristics, neuropsychological development scores and clinical data at specific time points (at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 months old) will be collected from the children in both groups until the age of 6 years. The associations between GDM and the neurodevelopment of OGDM from infancy to preschool age will be analysed using a multiple linear regression model adjusted for confounders. In addition, we will compare longitudinal data to further assess the effects of GDM on neurodevelopmental trajectories.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Approval Number: (2019) Institutional Review Board (IRB) (STUDY) No. 85). The findings of this study will be disseminated through open access journals, peer-reviewed journals and scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT03997396.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and its feto-maternal outcome in Kamla Nehru state hospital for mother and child, IGMC, Shimla, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4662
Author(s):  
Aleeza Pal ◽  
Bishan Dhiman ◽  
Rita Mittal ◽  
Bhaskar J. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
State Hospital ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose Level ◽  
Maternal Outcome ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Mother And Child

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity with the onset or first recognition during pregnancy. It is a disease entity that adversely affects maternal as well as fetal outcome. DIPSI guideline having suggested one-time plasma glucose level has emerged as a simple, practical and cheap method to detect GDM. This study was done to evaluate the prevalence of gestational diabetes using Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India (DIPSI) criteria and further assess its feto maternal outcome in Kamla Nehru State Hospital for Mother and Child, IGMC, Shimla.Methods: This study was conducted in 500 patients between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, attending the antenatal OPD. These patients were given 75g oral glucose irrespective of last meal and their plasma glucose was estimated at 2h. Patients with plasma glucose ≥140mg/dl were diagnosed as GDM and the rest as control or the non GDM group. The GDM patients were followed up and treated with medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and/or insulin therapy till delivery and maternal and fetal outcomes were then noted.Results: The prevalence of GDM in this study was 6%. Maternal and fetal complications were more in the GDM patients. Vaginal candidiasis and PROM were the common maternal complications, while hypoglycemia and hyperbilirubinemia were common in the fetuses.Conclusions: GDM adversely affects the mother as well as fetus. DIPSI guideline having suggested a single plasma glucose level test has emerged as a practical and economical method to detect GDM.

Dietary Intakes in the Nutritional Management Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Morisset ◽  
Julie Anne Côté ◽  
Andréanne Michaud ◽  
Julie Robitaille ◽  
Marie-Christine Dubé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
P Value ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Post Intervention

Purpose: Changes were examined in energy intakes and percentage of energy from macronutrients in response to nutritional intervention in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: The study included 17 women with GDM and 27 women with normal glucose tolerance (controls). Women with GDM were followed by a multidisciplinary team; they received dietary counselling by a registered dietitian, and were prescribed diets with 40% to 45% energy from carbohydrate (CHO), 20% to 25% from protein, and 30% to 35% from fat. Dietary intakes were assessed with food frequency questionnaires before the intervention (26.9 ± 3.8 weeks) and after the intervention (32.6 ± 0.6 weeks). Results: After the intervention, women with GDM reduced their total energy intake to reach lower values than did controls (P value for time-group interaction ≤0.05). A concomitant reduction in total CHO and glucose intakes in women with GDM led to significantly lower values compared with intakes in controls (P values for time-group interaction ≤0.001 for all). The post-intervention rate of weight gain in women with GDM was within the Institute of Medicine (IOM)-recommended values, while the post-intervention rate of weight gain in controls was above IOM-recommended values (0.30 ± 0.27 versus 0.61 ± 0.50 kg/week, P≤0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that this multidisciplinary medical and nutritional intervention was effective in the achievement of prescribed macronutrient distribution and controlling gestational weight gain in Canadian women with GDM.

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