scholarly journals Clostridium septicum: An Unusual Link to a Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kegan Jessamy ◽  
Fidelis O. Ojevwe ◽  
Ezinnaya Ubagharaji ◽  
Anuj Sharma ◽  
Obiajulu Anozie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Early Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Clostridium Septicum ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Cyclical Neutropenia ◽  
Remote Infection ◽  
Clostridial Infection ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed ◽  
Highly Virulent

Clostridium septicum is a highly virulent pathogen which is associated with colorectal malignancy, hematological malignancy, immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus and cyclical neutropenia. Presentation may include disseminated clostridial infection in the form of septicemia, gas gangrene, and mycotic aortic aneurysms. We report the case of a 62-year-old female presenting with necrotizing fasciitis of her left thigh and subsequently developing rectal bleeding. While she was being treated with empiric antibiotics, her blood culture was found to be positive for C. septicum. We would like to highlight the importance of early colorectal cancer screening in minimizing the occurrence of undetected tumors which provide an optimal growth environment for C. septicum, leading to localized and/or remote infection.

scholarly journals Epinephrine auto-injection radically increases risk for Clostridial infection and necrotizing fasciitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Larson ◽  
Gary Grone ◽  
Cindy L. Austin ◽  
Simon J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Epinephrine Injection ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

<em>Clostridial perfringens</em> is a bacteria commonly found on skin flora. Due to the optimal growth environment intramuscular epinephrine injections predispose patients to the rapid development of <em>Clostridial</em> myonecrosis. There have been only four cases, including this one, reported in the last 60 years of pediatric <em>Clostridium perfringens</em> infections post-epinephrine injection. We detail the successful management of a 16 year old, immunocompetent female who developed gas gangrene and necrotizing fasciitis on her thigh secondary to <em>Clostridial</em> infection after utilization of an Epinephrine Auto-Injector and review the pediatric literature of patients with <em>Clostridial perfringens</em> secondary to epinephrine injection. We define common clinical signs and symptoms of <em>Clostridial</em> infection from the review of the literature. The relevance of our findings is to raise awareness among emergency physicians when patients present following an injection in order to reduce diagnostic delay that could result in amputation or death.

Crop yield components – photoassimilate supply- or utilisation limited-organ development?

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 893 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Patrick ◽  
Kim Colyvas
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Fleshy Fruit ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Growth Environment

Yield potential is the genome-encoded capacity of a crop species to generate yield in an optimal growth environment. Ninety per cent of plant biomass is derived from the photosynthetic reduction of carbon dioxide to organic carbon (photoassimilates – primarily sucrose). Thus, development of yield components (organ numbers and individual organ masses) can be limited by photoassimilate supply (photosynthesis arranged in series with phloem transport) or by their inherent capacity to utilise imported photoassimilates for growth or storage. To this end, photoassimilate supply/utilisation of crop yield has been quantitatively re-evaluated using published responses of yield components to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations across a selection of key crop species including cereal and pulse grains, fleshy fruits, tubers and sugar storing stems and tap roots. The analysis demonstrates that development of harvested organ numbers is strongly limited by photoassimilate supply. Vegetative branching and, to a lesser extent, flower/pod/fleshy fruit abortion, are the major yield components contributing to sensitivity of organ numbers to photoassimilate supply. In contrast, harvested organ size is partially dependent (eudicots), or completely independent (cereals), of photoassimilate supply. Processes limiting photoassimilate utilisation by harvested organs include membrane transport of soluble sugars and their allocation into polymeric storage products.

scholarly journals 1032. A Case Series of Clostridium septicum Aortitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S307-S308
Author(s):  
Bethany Lehman ◽  
Ryan Miller ◽  
George Keller ◽  
Sandra S Richter ◽  
Susan J Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Infrarenal Aorta ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Clostridium Septicum ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Clostridium septicum is an anaerobic, motile, spore forming, toxin-producing Gram-positive bacillus (GPB) that has been associated with colon and hematologic malignancies. Despite the low incidence of infection, it is a virulent organism leading to rapidly progressive gas gangrene. Only 51 cases of C. septicum related aortic aneurysms have been reported. 100% mortality is reported in patients without surgical intervention vs. 79% undergoing surgery. The primary aim of this study was to determine the incidence and clinical outcomes of patients treated at our institution with C. septicum aortitis. Methods In this IRB-approved retrospective case series, we reviewed our microbiology laboratory’s blood and tissue cultures from January 2005 to 2018 to identify cases of C. septicum infection. All patients &gt;18 years of age who had positive cultures were reviewed to provide radiographic or histopathologic correlation. Results Among 50 patients with C. septicum in blood and tissue cultures, seven patients were identified with aortitis. Underlying malignancy was found in four cases and included colon cancer (three cases) and prostate cancer (one case). The most common location for infection was the infrarenal aorta (four cases). Previous vascular surgery had been performed in three cases. Five of the seven patients underwent surgical repair with pathology revealing GPB in three patients and acute inflammation in the other two patients. C. septicum grew in tissue cultures from these patients. Four of the seven patients (all of whom underwent surgery) had positive blood cultures. The two patients that did not undergo surgery died which is consistent with the 100% mortality described in the literature. All patients were treated with β-lactam therapy. The median duration among the five who completed treatment was 7.5 weeks. Among the five patients who underwent surgery, two are alive (one at 1 year and another at 5 months postoperatively), two died within the first year after surgery, and one patient was lost to follow-up. Conclusion A small percentage of patients with C. septicum aortitis survived over 1 year. Earlier recognition and emergent surgery with appropriate antimicrobial therapy are needed to improve the outcome of patients diagnosed with this rare infection. Disclosures S. S. Richter, bioMerieux: Grant Investigator, Research grant. BD Diagnostics: Grant Investigator, Research grant. Roche: Grant Investigator, Research grant. Hologic: Grant Investigator, Research grant. Diasorin: Grant Investigator, Research grant. Accelerate: Grant Investigator, Research grant. Biofire: Grant Investigator, Research grant.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Reverse Gyrase Suggests a Nonhyperthermophilic Last Universal Common Ancestor

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 2737-2747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J Catchpole ◽  
Patrick Forterre
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Reverse Gyrase ◽  
Last Universal Common Ancestor ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Universal Common Ancestor ◽  
Branch Lengths ◽  
Vertical Evolution ◽  
Hyperthermophilic Organisms

Abstract Reverse gyrase (RG) is the only protein found ubiquitously in hyperthermophilic organisms, but absent from mesophiles. As such, its simple presence or absence allows us to deduce information about the optimal growth temperature of long-extinct organisms, even as far as the last universal common ancestor of extant life (LUCA). The growth environment and gene content of the LUCA has long been a source of debate in which RG often features. In an attempt to settle this debate, we carried out an exhaustive search for RG proteins, generating the largest RG data set to date. Comprising 376 sequences, our data set allows for phylogenetic reconstructions of RG with unprecedented size and detail. These RG phylogenies are strikingly different from those of universal proteins inferred to be present in the LUCA, even when using the same set of species. Unlike such proteins, RG does not form monophyletic archaeal and bacterial clades, suggesting RG emergence after the formation of these domains, and/or significant horizontal gene transfer. Additionally, the branch lengths separating archaeal and bacterial groups are very short, inconsistent with the tempo of evolution from the time of the LUCA. Despite this, phylogenies limited to archaeal RG resolve most archaeal phyla, suggesting predominantly vertical evolution since the time of the last archaeal ancestor. In contrast, bacterial RG indicates emergence after the last bacterial ancestor followed by significant horizontal transfer. Taken together, these results suggest a nonhyperthermophilic LUCA and bacterial ancestor, with hyperthermophily emerging early in the evolution of the archaeal and bacterial domains.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptomes of the Body Wall of Wild and Farmed Sea Cucumber Isostichopus badionotus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3882
Author(s):  
Roberto Martín-Hernández ◽  
Rossanna Rodríguez-Canul ◽  
Nuvia Kantún-Moreno ◽  
Miguel A. Olvera-Novoa ◽  
Oscar Medina-Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Health Promoting

Overfishing of sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus from Yucatan has led to a major population decline. They are being captured as an alternative to traditional species despite a paucity of information about their health-promoting properties. The transcriptome of the body wall of wild and farmed I. badionotus has now been studied for the first time by an RNA-Seq approach. The functional profile of wild I. badionotus was comparable with data in the literature for other regularly captured species. In contrast, the metabolism of first generation farmed I. badionotus was impaired. This had multiple possible causes including a sub-optimal growth environment and impaired nutrient utilization. Several key metabolic pathways that are important in effective handling and accretion of nutrients and energy, or clearance of harmful cellular metabolites, were disrupted or dysregulated. For instance, collagen mRNAs were greatly reduced and deposition of collagen proteins impaired. Wild I. badionotus is, therefore, a suitable alternative to other widely used species but, at present, the potential of farmed I. badionotus is unclear. The environmental or nutritional factors responsible for their impaired function in culture remain unknown, but the present data gives useful pointers to the underlying problems associated with their aquaculture.

scholarly journals Effects on Growth and Metabolism of Difference between Day and Night Temperatures (DIF) and Supplementation with Rare Earth Elements (REE) in Micropropagated Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) C. E. Fischer

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Boling Liu ◽  
Lijun Tang ◽  
Bowen Gao ◽  
Byoung Ryong Jeong ◽  
Shijun Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Promotional Effect ◽  
C 23 ◽  
Nighttime Temperatures ◽  
Technical Basis ◽  
Dendrobium Aphyllum

Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) C. E. Fischer is an ornamental plant with certain medicinal values from the Orchidaceae family. Currently, micropropagation is the main means through which it is propagated. In this research, the effects of different daytime and nighttime temperatures (DIF) and medium supplementation with rare earth elements (REE) on the growth and metabolism of D. aphyllum during a micropropagation period were investigated. Three kinds of REE nitrates, La(NO₃)₃, Ce(NO₃)₃ and Nd(NO₃)₃, at four concentrations, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM, were added to the culture medium. Three DIFs, 0, 6 and 12 °C, with an identical mean daily temperature of 20 °C, were used with photoperiod/dark period temperatures of 20/20 °C, 23/17 °C and 26/14 °C, respectively. After four weeks of culture, both supplemental REE and DIF treatments promoted growth of the plant compared with the control group. With increased REE concentration and DIF, the growth of the plants was suppressed and symptoms of stress response occurred. At the same concentration, Ce(NO₃)₃ had a more significant promotional effect on plant growth. In general, the medium supplemented with 100 μM Ce(NO₃)₃ combined with a 6 °C DIF was the most optimal for the vegetative growth of the plant. A 12 °C DIF promoted synthesis of more primary metabolites such as total proteins and polysaccharides. From the perspective of improving the medicinal values of this plant, increasing the DIF for an optimal growth environment is a valuable reference. This study can provide a technical basis for the propagation and production of Dendrobium aphyllum in the future.

scholarly journals Positively twisted: The complex evolutionary history of Reverse Gyrase suggests a non-hyperthermophilic Last Universal Common Ancestor

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Catchpole ◽  
Patrick Forterre
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Reverse Gyrase ◽  
Last Universal Common Ancestor ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Universal Common Ancestor ◽  
Branch Lengths ◽  
Encoded Proteins ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vertical Evolution

AbstractReverse gyrase (RG) is the only protein found ubiquitously in hyperthermophilic organisms, but absent from mesophiles. As such, its simple presence or absence allows us to deduce information about the optimal growth temperature of long-extinct organisms, even as far as the last universal common ancestor of extant life (LUCA). The growth environment and gene content of the LUCA has long been a source of debate in which RG often features. In an attempt to settle this debate, we carried out an exhaustive search for RG proteins, generating the largest RG dataset to date. Comprising 376 sequences, our dataset allows for phylogenetic reconstructions of RG with unprecedented size and detail. These RG phylogenies are strikingly different from those of known LUCA-encoded proteins, even when using the same set of species. Unlike LUCA-encoded proteins, RG does not form monophyletic archaeal and bacterial clades, suggesting RG emergence after the formation of these domains, and/or significant horizontal gene transfer. Even more strikingly, the branch lengths separating archaeal and bacterial groups are very short, inconsistent with the tempo of evolution from the time of the LUCA. Despite this, phylogenies limited to archaeal RG resolve most archaeal phyla, suggesting predominantly vertical evolution since the time of the last archaeal ancestor. In contrast, bacterial RG indicates emergence after the last bacterial ancestor followed by significant horizontal transfer. Taken together, these results suggest a non-hyperthermophilic LUCA and bacterial ancestor, with hyperthermophily emerging early in the evolution of the archaeal and bacterial domains.

Biodegradation of 2,2' 4,4-tetrabromodiphenyl Ether in an Aerobic Environment by a Novel Strain of Bacillus sp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 771 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Jian Fei Guan ◽  
Ji Hua Wang ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Jia Xin ◽  
Shan Shan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
16S Rdna Gene ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Rdna Gene

The environmental safety of 2,2,4,4-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), a widely used flame retardant, has been the topic of controversial discussions during the past decade years. In this study, we investigated the BDE-47 degradation by a novel bacteria obtained from electronic waste recycling site soil sample in Taizhou, China. Using biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequencing, the strain was closely related to Bacillus sp. with a 99% 16S rDNA gene sequence similarity. It could use BDE-47 as the sole carbon source and energy source for its growth. The optimal growth environment was in the presence of BDE-47 at concentrations to 50-200 ug/L, pH 6.0 to 8.0 and 37°C when agitated at 160 rpm. For the initial concentrations of 100 ug/L, 50% of the BDE-47 was degraded. This is the first report of BDE47-degrading strain from the genus of Bacillus sp. under aerobic condition.

Adaptive process control for crystal growth using machine learning for high-speed prediction: application to SiC solution growth

CrystEngComm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Dang ◽  
Can Zhu ◽  
Motoki Ikumi ◽  
Masaki Takaishi ◽  
Wancheng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Adaptive Process ◽  
Adaptive Process Control ◽  
Speed Prediction

A time-dependent recipe designed by an adaptive control method can consistently maintain the optimal growth conditions despite the unsteady growth environment.

The molecular mechanism of mechanotransduction in vascular homeostasis and disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (17) ◽  
pp. 2399-2418
Author(s):  
Yoshito Yamashiro ◽  
Hiromi Yanagisawa
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Cyclic Stretch ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Vascular Homeostasis ◽  
Matrix Cell

Abstract Blood vessels are constantly exposed to mechanical stimuli such as shear stress due to flow and pulsatile stretch. The extracellular matrix maintains the structural integrity of the vessel wall and coordinates with a dynamic mechanical environment to provide cues to initiate intracellular signaling pathway(s), thereby changing cellular behaviors and functions. However, the precise role of matrix–cell interactions involved in mechanotransduction during vascular homeostasis and disease development remains to be fully determined. In this review, we introduce hemodynamics forces in blood vessels and the initial sensors of mechanical stimuli, including cell–cell junctional molecules, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), multiple ion channels, and a variety of small GTPases. We then highlight the molecular mechanotransduction events in the vessel wall triggered by laminar shear stress (LSS) and disturbed shear stress (DSS) on vascular endothelial cells (ECs), and cyclic stretch in ECs and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs)—both of which activate several key transcription factors. Finally, we provide a recent overview of matrix–cell interactions and mechanotransduction centered on fibronectin in ECs and thrombospondin-1 in SMCs. The results of this review suggest that abnormal mechanical cues or altered responses to mechanical stimuli in EC and SMCs serve as the molecular basis of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and aortic aneurysms. Collecting evidence and advancing knowledge on the mechanotransduction in the vessel wall can lead to a new direction of therapeutic interventions for vascular diseases.

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