scholarly journals Comamonas testosteroni: Is It Still a Rare Human Pathogen

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaika Farooq ◽  
Rumana Farooq ◽  
Nahida Nahvi
Keyword(s):  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Comamonas Testosteroni ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Environmental Bacterium ◽  
Clinical Laboratories ◽  
Pseudomonas Testosteroni

Comamonas testosteroni (formally Pseudomonas testosteroni) is common environmental bacterium that is not part of the human microbiome. Since its identification as a human pathogen in 1987, numerous reports have drizzled in, implicating this organism for various infections. Although these organisms are of low virulence, some of their obscurity perhaps is due to the incapability of clinical laboratories to identify them. Most of the reported cases are bloodstream infections. We report a case of gastroenteritis caused by this organism in a 65-year-old female with colostomy in situ.

scholarly journals Bacteremia caused by Comamonas testosteroni an unusual pathogen

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 087-090
Author(s):  
Shreekant Tiwari ◽  
Monalisah Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Comamonas Testosteroni ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Comamonas species are rare isolates in microbiology laboratories and have been infrequently reported as an infectious agent in routine clinical practice. They have a wide range of natural habitats including water, soil, and plants as well as from some hospital devices, such as intravenous lines and the reservoir water in the humidifiers of respiratory therapy equipment. Comamonas testosteroni is rarely recognized as a human pathogen. In spite of its uncommon human pathogenesis, there are few reports where it was reported as an aggressive opportunistic pathogen, and that was mostly related to Testosterone species. Herewith, we are reporting this pathogen from the blood of an immunocompetent female. The aim of this case report is to alert clinicians and laboratory physicians for the potential diagnosis and clinical approach of bloodstream infections caused by such unusual pathogens. This is the first documented case of bacteremia caused by C. testosteroni from India.

A Rare Pathogen in Acute Appendicitis: Two Cases with Comamonas testosteroni Infection and Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 110-112
Author(s):  
Ayşe Sağmak Tartar ◽  
Tugay Tartar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Comamonas Testosteroni ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Environmental Bacterium ◽  
Abdominal Infections

Abstract Comamonas testosteroni (formerly Pseudomonas testosteroni) is a common environmental bacterium, which is not a part of the human microbiome. It is rarely found as an infectious agent in clinical practice. The bacterium has low virulence potency and rarely causes human disease. Although this agent is generally considered to be of low virulence, reports of infections with C. testosteroni are increasing. With the exception of intra-abdominal infections, C. testosteroni is mainly reported as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. However, C. testosteroni has also been reported as a pathogen in patients with appendicitis (especially when perforated), suggesting that this bacterium may belong to the normal intestinal microbiota of some individuals. In this article, we present two children with appendicitis in whom C. testosteroni was isolated from appendix tissue samples.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Directly from Blood for the Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infections: A Mini-Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 830
Author(s):  
Anna Rita Buonomini ◽  
Elisabetta Riva ◽  
Giovanni Di Bonaventura ◽  
Giovanni Gherardi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Staphylococcus aureus represents a major human pathogen able to cause a number of infections, especially bloodstream infections (BSI). Clinical use of methicillin has led to the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and MRSA-BSI have been reported to be associated with high morbidity and mortality. Clinical diagnosis of BSI is based on the results from blood culture that, although considered the gold standard method, is time-consuming. For this reason, rapid diagnostic tests to identify the presence of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA isolates directly in blood cultures are being used with increasing frequency to rapidly commence targeted antimicrobial therapy, also in the light of antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Here, we review and report the most common rapid non-molecular and molecular methods currently available to detect the presence of MRSA directly from blood.

scholarly journals Emergence of Azole Resistant Candida Glabrata as an Important Cause of Hospital Acquired Infection: Its Risk Factors and Impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Sarkar T
Keyword(s):  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Candida spp. colonizes the human host and coexists with members of the human microbiome. Candida glabrata are aggressive pathogens, have many virulence factors that lead to serious recurrent candidiasis. Their ability to form a complex biofilm, inability to form hyphae, and inability to secrete hydrolase lead to antifungal resistance. Candidemia is the fourth most common bloodstream infection [1]. Candidemia remains a major source of mortality and morbidity. Mortality among patients with invasive candidiasis is as high as 40%, even when patients receive antifungal therapy [2]. More than 90% of invasive diseases are caused by the 5 most common Candida spp. C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei [3]. The distribution of Candida species has been changing over the last decade, with a decrease in the proportion of C. albicans and an increase in C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis. More than 50% of bloodstream infections are caused by non-albicans Candida [2,4]. The largest proportional increase in the USA is in C. glabrata, which accounts for one third or more of all candidemia isolates [5-7]. C.glabrata are associated with high mortality. Candida glabrata develop acquired resistance following exposure to antifungal agents [8]. 50% of C. glabrata are resistant to fluconazole [9,10]. Furthermore, 9% of C. glabrata that are resistant to fluconazole are also resistant to the echinocandins [8,11].

scholarly journals Immune System Evasion Mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus: Current Understanding

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2219-2234
Author(s):  
Hesham A. Malak ◽  
Hussein H. Abulreesh ◽  
Sameer R. Organji ◽  
Khaled Elbanna ◽  
Mohammed R. Shaaban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Strategy

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that may cause a wide range of infections and is a frequent cause of soft tissue and bloodstream infections. It is a successful pathogen due to its collective virulence factors and its ability to evade the host immune systems. The review aims to highlight how S. aureus destroys and damage the host cells and explains how immune cells can respond to this pathogen. This review may also provide new insights that may be useful for developing new strategy for combating MRSA and its emerging clones such as community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA).

scholarly journals Intravascular device use, management, documentation and complications: a point prevalence survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. New ◽  
Joan Webster ◽  
Nicole M. Marsh ◽  
Barbara Hewer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey ◽  
Intravascular Devices

Objective To examine the use, management, documentation and complications for intravascular devices in cardiac, medical and surgical inpatients. Methods A point prevalence survey was undertaken in a large tertiary hospital in Queensland. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data. Results Of the 327 patients assessed, 192 (58.7%) had one or more devices in situ. Of the 220 devices, 190 (86.4%) were peripheral venous catheters, 25 (11.4%) were peripherally inserted central catheters and five (2.3%) were central venous catheters. Sixty-two of 220 devices (28.2%) were in situ without a clear purpose, whereas 54 (24.7%) had one or more complications, such as redness, pain, tracking, oedema or oozing. There was no documentation on the daily patient care record to indicate that a site assessment had occurred within the past 8 h for 25% of the devices in situ. Conclusions The present study identified several problems and highlighted areas for improvement in the management and documentation for intravascular devices. Ongoing education, promoting good clinical practice and reauditing, can be applied to improve the management of devices. What is known about the topic? Intravascular devices are associated with health care-related infections, including rare but serious bloodstream infections Measures for reducing healthcare-associated infection related to devices include surveillance with feedback. What does this paper add? This paper complements other surveillance data undertaken in similar-sized institutions with similar patients. Ongoing surveillance and education is required to maintain best clinical practice and management of devices. What are the implications for practitioners? Health care-associated infections are a serious problem and have negative outcomes for both patients and organisations. Intravascular devices may be associated with bloodstream infections, so prudent clinical care and management of devices is important. All devices should be assessed at least daily for their continued need and removed promptly if no longer required.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity Mechanism of Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snigdha Pattnaik ◽  
Laxmidhar Maharana ◽  
Manoj Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Lectin Receptors ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Normal Human

In normal human microbiome, the polymorphic fungus Candida albicans is a crucial member. C. albicans resides mostly in individual as harmless commensal life. In specific situations, however, C. albicans can cause diseases that cause contaminations of the skin to life-threatening fundamental contaminations. Pathogenesis of Candida species is contributed by multiple factors. Some of the major contributors are enlisted here. These include host pathogen interaction, receptors molecule like TLR recognition, TLR signaling, C type lectin receptors, Dectin 1,2 and 3, mannose receptor, mincle, DC sign, Nod-Like Receptors (NLRs) and inflammasomes, soluble molecules in candida recognition, cellular responses to candida such as neutrophils, macrophages. This chapter enlightens all the components of candida pathogenicity by the assessment of Candida species pathogenic determinants. All together these will explain the current knowledge about how these determinant factors and receptors modulate virulence as well as consequent infection. Better understanding of candida pathogenicity mechanism can be the resultant of better treatment guidelines along with development of novel antifungal agents. Overall, in this review we present an update in the current understanding of the insight of pathogenicity mechanisms in this important human pathogen.

Eggerthella lenta bloodstream infections: two cases and review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 981-985
Author(s):  
Jinshuang Bo ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Yanni Bi ◽  
Shuqing Ma ◽  
Mingyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Phenotypic Identification ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Eggerthella lenta is an emerging and uncommon human pathogen that has been under recognized due to the limitations of phenotypic identification. Here we describe two cases of bacteremia caused by E. lenta and summarize the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing according to some previous literatures, which illustrate the importance of identification and treatment of unusual organisms. The most reliable antibiotic treatment options to E. lenta appear to be metronidazole, amoxicillin-clavulanate, carbapenems, vancomycin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol and clindamycin.

scholarly journals Polymicrobial Bacteremia InvolvingComamonas testosteroni

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Orsini ◽  
Eric Tam ◽  
Naomi Hauser ◽  
Salil Rajayer
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Comamonas Testosteroni ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
Delftia Acidovorans ◽  
Polymicrobial Bacteremia ◽  
Respiratory Treatment ◽  
Intravenous Catheters

Comamonasspp. are uncommon isolates in microbiology laboratories and have been rarely observed as an infectious agent in clinical practice. They have widespread environmental distribution and have been isolated from water, soil, and plants as well as from some hospital devices such as intravenous catheters and water contained in humidifier reservoirs used in respiratory treatment. The genusComamonasoriginally contained the following species:acidovorans, testosteroni, kerstersii, terrigena, denitrificans, andnitrativorans. It now contains 17 species, whileacidovoransspp. have been reclassified asDelftia acidovorans. In spite of its uncommon human pathogenesis, there are few reports on the aggressive manner of it as an opportunistic pathogen, mostly related totestosteronispp. We present a case of polymicrobial bacteremia involvingComamonas testosteroni. The aim of this case report is to alert clinicians to the potential diagnosis of bloodstream infections caused by uncommon pathogens.

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