A Membrane-Targeted Peptide Inhibiting PtxA of Phosphotransferase System Blocks Streptococcus mutans

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Wen Xiang ◽  
Jun Shao ◽  
Jian He ◽  
Xin-Yu Wu ◽  
Xiao-Hu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Hemolysis Assay ◽  
Caries Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
High Binding Affinity

Streptococcus mutans, the primary cause of dental caries, takes up carbohydrates through the phosphoenolpyruvate sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). This study aimed to identify a novel membrane-targeted antimicrobial peptide (AMP) that could also target the L-ascorbate-specific PtxA component of the S. mutans PTS system. C10-KKWW was identified and selected using virtual screening of a lipopeptide library, a minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC) assay, cytotoxicity assays and a hemolysis assay. Surface plasmon resonance confirmed that C10-KKWW had a high binding affinity for PtxA. Combining with scanning electron microscopy and cell permeability assay, it was shown that the effects of C10-KKWW could be attributed to both membrane and PtxA. Wild type (WT) S. mutans, a ptxA deletion mutant (ΔptxA), and a mutant-complemented strain (CptxA), were cultured consistently in brain heart infusion (BHI) medium, tryptone-vitamin medium supplemented with 15 mM L-ascorbate (TVL), or for 5 h in BHI supplemented with 7.4 mM sodium L-ascorbate. Compared to ∆ptxA, in WT S. mutans and CptxA, C10-KKWW had a stronger MIC (3.9 μg/mL), and distinctively decreased biofilm viability. The extracellular concentrations of L-ascorbate/sodium L-ascorbate were not changed before and after WT treated with C10-KKWW. L-ascorbate-induced operon genes, or other PTS genes, were significantly suppressed by C10-KKWW. In conclusion, C10-KKWW has been developed; it acts through interaction with the bacterial membrane and interferes with L-ascorbate translocation to inhibit S. mutans growth and eradicate its biofilm. C10-KKWW may be especially effective at optimal oral ascorbate levels. A combination of C10-KKWW with sodium L-ascorbate might also be a novel strategy for dental caries treatment.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity Of Tangerine Powder (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) Against Caries-Causing Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-157
Author(s):  
Framesti Frisma Sriarumtias ◽  
Aji Najihudin ◽  
Nopi Rantika ◽  
Rita Nengsih
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Caries Treatment ◽  
Inhibitory Power

Dental caries is caused by Streptococcus mutans, which lives in the oral cavity and causes plaque on the teeth. Dental caries treatment involves restoration or filling of tooth tissue that has been perforated due to dental caries. The purpose of this study was analyze the effectivity of  tangerine juice powder in preventing the emergence of dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans. The experimental method was used in this study started by making a powder from tangerine jiuce using freeze drying method, followed by testing the antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also sought by measuring the diameter of the clear zone. The results showed that tangerine powder has antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10%. The highest activity of tangerine powder to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria was observed at   concentration of 25% with an inhibition zone diameter of 15.8 mm, and is classified as having moderate inhibitory power. According to the result of this study is that tangerine juice powder has a good antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and can be developed into a pharmaceutical ingredients to prevent dental caries.

scholarly journals A Phosphoenolpyruvate-Dependent Phosphotransferase System Is the Principal Maltose Transporter in Streptococcus mutans

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (8) ◽  
pp. 3322-3327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Webb ◽  
Karen A. Homer ◽  
Arthur H. F. Hosie
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Maltose Transporter

ABSTRACT We report that a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system, MalT, is the principal maltose transporter for Streptococcus mutans. MalT also contributes to maltotriose uptake. Since maltose and maltodextrins are products of starch degradation found in saliva, the ability to take up and ferment these carbohydrates may contribute to dental caries.

scholarly journals Coordinated Regulation of the EIIMan and fruRKI Operons of Streptococcus mutans by Global and Fructose-Specific Pathways

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zeng ◽  
Brinta Chakraborty ◽  
Tanaz Farivar ◽  
Robert A. Burne
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fructose Metabolism ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACTThe glucose/mannose-phosphotransferase system (PTS) permease EIIManencoded bymanLMNin the dental caries pathogenStreptococcus mutanshas a dominant influence on sugar-specific, CcpA-independent catabolite repression (CR). Mutations inmanLaffect energy metabolism and virulence-associated traits, including biofilm formation, acid tolerance, and competence. Using promoter::reporter fusions, expression of themanLMNand thefruRKIoperons, encoding a transcriptional regulator, a fructose-1-phosphate kinase and a fructose-PTS permease EIIFru, respectively, was monitored in response to carbohydrate source and in mutants lacking CcpA, FruR, and components of EIIMan. Expression of genes for EIIManand EIIFruwas directly regulated by CcpA and CR, as evinced byin vivoandin vitromethods. Unexpectedly, not only was thefruRKIoperon negatively regulated by FruR, but also so wasmanLMN. Carbohydrate transport by EIIManhad a negative influence on expression ofmanLMNbut notfruRKI. In agreement with the proposed role of FruR in regulating these PTS operons, loss offruRorfruKsubstantially altered growth on a number of carbohydrates, including fructose. RNA deep sequencing revealed profound changes in gene regulation caused by deletion offruKorfruR. Collectively, these findings demonstrate intimate interconnection of the regulation of two major PTS permeases inS. mutansand reveal novel and important contributions of fructose metabolism to global regulation of gene expression.IMPORTANCEThe ability ofStreptococcus mutansand other streptococcal pathogens to survive and cause human diseases is directly dependent upon their capacity to metabolize a variety of carbohydrates, including glucose and fructose. Our research reveals that metabolism of fructose has broad influences on the regulation of utilization of glucose and other sugars, and mutants with changes in certain genes involved in fructose metabolism display profoundly different abilities to grow and express virulence-related traits. Mutants lacking the FruR regulator or a particular phosphofructokinase, FruK, display changes in expression of a large number of genes encoding transcriptional regulators, enzymes required for energy metabolism, biofilm development, biosynthetic and degradative processes, and tolerance of a spectrum of environmental stressors. Since fructose is a major component of the modern human diet, the results have substantial significance in the context of oral health and the development of dental caries.

scholarly journals Small Molecule Compounds, A Novel Strategy against Streptococcus mutans

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1540
Author(s):  
Sirui Yang ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Ran Yang ◽  
Xin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Tooth Discoloration ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Novel Strategy

Dental caries, as a common oral infectious disease, is a worldwide public health issue. Oral biofilms are the main cause of dental caries. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is well recognized as the major causative factor of dental caries within oral biofilms. In addition to mechanical removal such as tooth brushing and flossing, the topical application of antimicrobial agents is necessarily adjuvant to the control of caries particularly for high-risk populations. The mainstay antimicrobial agents for caries such as chlorhexidine have limitations including taste confusions, mucosal soreness, tooth discoloration, and disruption of an oral microbial equilibrium. Antimicrobial small molecules are promising in the control of S. mutans due to good antimicrobial activity, good selectivity, and low toxicity. In this paper, we discussed the application of antimicrobial small molecules to the control of S. mutans, with a particular focus on the identification and development of active compounds and their modes of action against the growth and virulence of S. mutans.

scholarly journals Streptococcus mutans Level Estimation in Saliva before and after Consumption of Chewable Probiotics among School Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Shinjini Dey ◽  
Chanchal Singh ◽  
Ankit Natani ◽  
Hemeshwari Laishram ◽  
Aishwarya Senthilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
World Health ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Before And After

INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization (WHO) deemed probiotics to be the next most important immune defence system. Also known as the “friendly bacteria”, these lactobacilli-derived food supplements are the current trending weapons to fight against Streptococcus mutans, the prime causative organism for dental caries. AIM: To compare the levels of salivary mutans streptococci in children before and after short-term consumption of dental probiotic chewable containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus salivarius M18. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was performed on 10 healthy subjects in the age group of 6-12 years who were followed for 7 days. The assessment of S. mutans in saliva was done at baseline, 1 hour after consumption of probiotic chewable and after 7-day of intervention period using mitis salivarius bacitracin agar. The colonies of S. mutans were identified and counted using a digital colony counter.RESULTS: A statistically significant reduction of salivary S. mutans was recorded after consumption of the probiotic chewable on the 7th day in the probiotic group. Results were found to be statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) when the differences in the reduction of mutans streptococci counts with probiotic chewable and plain chewable on the 7th day were compared. CONCLUSION: The following study, based on its observations, does conclude that short term consumption of probiotic chewable displays a significant reduction in the level of salivary Streptococcus mutans in children. Thus, keeping in mind the idea that prevention is always better than cure, the awareness regarding probiotics as a therapy to prevent dental caries should be made among both dental practitioners, especially paediatric dentists as well as parents.

scholarly journals The distribution of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in children with dental caries severity level

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Dianawati ◽  
Wahyu Setyarini ◽  
Ira Widjiastuti ◽  
Rini Devijanti Ridwan ◽  
K. Kuntaman
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Bacterial Colonisation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Pcr Multiplex ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The prevalence of dental caries is high worldwide and specifically in Indonesia, especially in children. Cariogenic bacteria are the major cause of dental caries. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the bacteria often associated with caries, due to its ability in producing acid and forming the biofilm for bacterial colonisation on the surface of oral cavities. In addition to S. mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus) bacteria are also thought to play an important role in the process of caries. Purpose: This study aims to analyse the distribution of S. mutans and S. sobrinus in children with seriously high dental caries levels. Methods: This study was an observational analytical study. Bacterial isolation was conducted in carious lesions of 50 paediatric patients 6-12 years old with superficial dental caries. Samples of caries lesions were put directly into a tube containing the Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI-B) and incubated at 37o C for 24 hours. The samples were sub-cultured on selective tryptone yeast cystine sucrose bacitracin (TYCSBHimedia) agar, and then incubated for two days. Bacterial identification was then performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Multiplex method. Statistical analysis with Chi-square. Results: The total number of children with dental caries included in this study was 50. Among these, 94% showed positive for S. mutans and 30% positive for S. sobrinus. The analysis of the prevalence of bacterial colonisation (S. mutans and S. sobrinus) based on caries severity and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), showed there was no significant difference (p> 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that among 50 caries noted in the children, 94% were colonised S. mutans and 30% S. sobrinus. There was no significant difference between the colonisation of S. mutans and S. sobrinus among children from the severe to mild decayed exfoliated filling teeth (DEFT) category, and between bad and good OHI-S.

Cell Wall Ultrastructure in Three Strains of a Cariogenic Streptococcus

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
M. J. Kramer ◽  
Alan L. Coykendall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Dna Reassociation ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure

During the almost 50 years since Streptococcus mutans was first suggested as a factor in the etiology of dental caries, a multitude of studies have confirmed the cariogenic potential of this organism. Streptococci have been isolated from human and animal caries on numerous occasions and, with few exceptions, they are not typable by the Lancefield technique but are relatively homogeneous in their biochemical reactions. An analysis of the guanine-cytosine (G-C) composition of the DNA from strains K-1-R, NCTC 10449, and FA-1 by one of us (ALC) revealed significant differences and DNA-DNA reassociation experiments indicated that genetic heterogeneity existed among the three strains. The present electron microscopic study had as its objective the elucidation of any distinguishing morphological characteristics which might further characterize the respective strains.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Clinical, Biochemical and Microbiological Markers Related to Dental Caries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6049
Author(s):  
Maria D Ferrer ◽  
Salvadora Pérez ◽  
Aránzazu López Lopez ◽  
José Luis Sanz ◽  
Maria Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Caries Lesions

Our aim was to evaluate clinical, biochemical and microbiological markers related to dental caries in adults. A sample that consisted of 75 volunteers was utilized. The presence of caries and the presence of plaque and gingival indices were determined. Unstimulated salivary flow, pH, lactate, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus dentisani were measured in the participants’ plaque and saliva samples before and after rinsing with a sugar solution. Lactate in plaque was found to be significantly related to age, gender, tooth-brushing frequency, the presence of cavitated caries lesions and plaque and gingival indices (p < 0.05). The levels of S. dentisani in plaque increased significantly with tooth-brushing frequency (p = 0.03). Normalized plaque S. dentisani values and the percentage of S. dentisani were slightly higher in patients with basal lactic acid levels ≤ 50 mg/L. After rinsing with a sugary solution, the percentage of S. mutans levels in plaque were higher in patients with lactic acid levels > 350 mg/L (p = 0.03). Tooth-brushing frequency was the factor which was most associated with oral health. Women reflected better clinical and biochemical parameters than men. Low pH and high lactic acid levels tended to be associated with high caries rates. No association was found between bacteria levels and caries indices.

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