scholarly journals Microbiota and Neurodevelopmental Trajectories: Role of Maternal and Early-Life Nutrition

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin G. Codagnone ◽  
Catherine Stanton ◽  
Siobhain M. O’Mahony ◽  
Timothy G. Dinan ◽  
John F. Cryan
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Pregnancy and early life are characterized by marked changes in body microbial composition. Intriguingly, these changes take place simultaneously with neurodevelopmental plasticity, suggesting a complex dialogue between the microbes that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the natural trajectory of microbiota during pregnancy and early life, as well as review the literature available on its interaction with neurodevelopment. Several lines of evidence show that the gut microbiota interacts with diet, drugs and stress both prenatally and postnatally. Clinical and preclinical studies are illuminating how these disruptions result in different developmental outcomes. Understanding the role of the microbiota in neurodevelopment may lead to novel approaches to the study of the pathophysiology and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Cross-feeding between Bifidobacterium infantis and Anaerostipes caccae on lactose and human milk oligosaccharides

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
L.W. Chia ◽  
M. Mank ◽  
B. Blijenberg ◽  
R.S. Bongers ◽  
K. van Limpt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bifidobacterium Infantis ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Important Species

The establishment of the gut microbiota immediately after birth is a dynamic process that may impact lifelong health. At this important developmental stage in early life, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) serve as specific substrates to shape the gut microbiota of the nursling. The well-orchestrated transition is important as an aberrant microbial composition and bacterial-derived metabolites are associated with colicky symptoms and atopic diseases in infants. Here, we study the trophic interactions between an HMO-degrader, Bifidobacterium infantis and the butyrogenic Anaerostipes caccae using carbohydrate substrates that are relevant in the early life period including lactose and total human milk carbohydrates. Mono- and co-cultures of these bacterial species were grown at pH 6.5 in anaerobic bioreactors supplemented with lactose or total human milk carbohydrates. A. caccae was not able to grow on these substrates except when grown in co-culture with B. infantis, leading to growth and concomitant butyrate production. Two levels of cross-feeding were observed, in which A. caccae utilised the liberated monosaccharides as well as lactate and acetate produced by B. infantis. This microbial cross-feeding points towards the key ecological role of bifidobacteria in providing substrates for other important species that will colonise the infant gut. The progressive shift of the gut microbiota composition that contributes to the gradual production of butyrate could be important for host-microbial crosstalk and gut maturation.

scholarly journals Role of IgA in the early-life establishment of the gut microbiota and immunity: Implications for constructing a healthy start

Gut Microbes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Jielong Guo ◽  
Chenglong Ren ◽  
Xue Han ◽  
Weidong Huang ◽  
Yilin You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Healthy Start

scholarly journals Role of Biological Sex in the Cardiovascular-Gut Microbiome Axis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangyue Li ◽  
Georgios Kararigas
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

There has been a recent, unprecedented interest in the role of gut microbiota in host health and disease. Technological advances have dramatically expanded our knowledge of the gut microbiome. Increasing evidence has indicated a strong link between gut microbiota and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the present article, we discuss the contribution of gut microbiota in the development and progression of CVD. We further discuss how the gut microbiome may differ between the sexes and how it may be influenced by sex hormones. We put forward that regulation of microbial composition and function by sex might lead to sex-biased disease susceptibility, thereby offering a mechanistic insight into sex differences in CVD. A better understanding of this could identify novel targets, ultimately contributing to the development of innovative preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for men and women.

scholarly journals Antibiotics in early life and childhood pre-B-ALL. Reasons to analyze a possible new piece in the puzzle

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Cardesa-Salzmann ◽  
A. Simon ◽  
N. Graf
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Childhood All ◽  
Host Immune Responses

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer with precursor B-cell ALL (pB-ALL) accounting for ~ 85% of the cases. Childhood pB-ALL development is influenced by genetic susceptibility and host immune responses. The role of the intestinal microbiome in leukemogenesis is gaining increasing attention since Vicente-Dueñas’ seminal work demonstrated that the gut microbiome is distinct in mice genetically predisposed to ALL and that the alteration of this microbiome by antibiotics is able to trigger pB-ALL in Pax5 heterozygous mice in the absence of infectious stimuli. In this review we provide an overview on novel insights on the role of the microbiome in normal and preleukemic hematopoiesis, inflammation, the effect of dysbiosis on hematopoietic stem cells and the emerging importance of the innate immune responses in the conversion from preleukemic to leukemic state in childhood ALL. Since antibiotics, which represent one of the most widely used medical interventions, alter the gut microbial composition and can cause a state of dysbiosis, this raises exciting epidemiological questions regarding the implications for antibiotic use in early life, especially in infants with a a preleukemic “first hit”. Sheading light through a rigorous study on this piece of the puzzle may have broad implications for clinical practice.

scholarly journals The Infant Gut Microbiota and Risk of Asthma: The Effect of Maternal Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser A. Alsharairi
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Research has amply demonstrated that early life dysbiosis of the gut microbiota influences the propensity to develop asthma. The influence of maternal nutrition on infant gut microbiota is therefore of growing interest. However, a handful of prospective studies have examined the role of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy in influencing the infant gut microbiota but did not assess whether this resulted in an increased risk of asthma later in life. The mechanisms involved in the process are also, thus far, poorly documented. There have also been few studies examining the effect of maternal dietary nutrient intake during lactation on the milk microbiota, the effect on the infant gut microbiota and, furthermore, the consequences for asthma development remain largely unknown. Therefore, the specific aim of this mini review is summarizing the current knowledge regarding the effect of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation on the infant gut microbiota composition, and whether it has implications for asthma development.

scholarly journals Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Gut Microbiota, and Brain Development: Role of the Brain-Gut Axis

Neonatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik J. Niemarkt ◽  
Tim G. De Meij ◽  
Christ-jan van Ganzewinkel ◽  
Nanne K.H. de Boer ◽  
Peter Andriessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The role of early life nutrition in the establishment of gastrointestinal microbial composition and function

Gut Microbes ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin C. Davis ◽  
Mei Wang ◽  
Sharon M. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Narratives of the Prophet’s Early Life in Ṣaḥīḥ Al-Buḫārī: An Analytical Study of Qurʾānic References in Sīra Nabawiyya

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sanusi Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Abstract Research into early Muslim sources has demonstrated that some verses of the Qurʾān have been seen by Muslim scholars as containing direct references to the events of the Prophet’s early life. Modern scholars, however, have questioned the appropriateness and authority of these Qurʾānic references as being accurate sources of information for the Prophet’s biography. Since the ḥadīṯ are regarded as an authoritative exegetical tool for understanding the meaning of Qurʾānic verses, the ḥadīṯ and scholars’ views on the scripture and its relationship to the narratives of sīra nabawiyya must be undertaken. The objectives of this present study are to explore the narratives of the Prophet’s early life as found in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Buḫārī and analyse al-Buḫārī’s perspective on the role of ḥadīṯ as an exegetical tool for Qurʿānic references in sīra nabawiyya. The study is qualitative in nature, as it utilises both critical and analytical approaches for its methodology. The study suggests that al-Buḫārī employed innovative and novel approaches when presenting narratives of the Prophet’s early life. At certain places in his al-Ṣaḥīḥ, by adducing certain ḥadīṯ in detail, al-Buḫārī endeavours to convey one distinctive and irrevocable message to the reader.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Choline-Containing Phospholipids in Traumatic Brain Injury and Associated Comorbidities

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11313
Author(s):  
Sana Javaid ◽  
Talha Farooq ◽  
Zohabia Rehman ◽  
Ammara Afzal ◽  
Waseem Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Neuronal Transmission ◽  
Expanding Population ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The incidences of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are increasing globally because of expanding population and increased dependencies on motorized vehicles and machines. This has resulted in increased socio-economic burden on the healthcare system, as TBIs are often associated with mental and physical morbidities with lifelong dependencies, and have severely limited therapeutic options. There is an emerging need to identify the molecular mechanisms orchestrating these injuries to life-long neurodegenerative disease and a therapeutic strategy to counter them. This review highlights the dynamics and role of choline-containing phospholipids during TBIs and how they can be used to evaluate the severity of injuries and later targeted to mitigate neuro-degradation, based on clinical and preclinical studies. Choline-based phospholipids are involved in maintaining the structural integrity of the neuronal/glial cell membranes and are simultaneously the essential component of various biochemical pathways, such as cholinergic neuronal transmission in the brain. Choline or its metabolite levels increase during acute and chronic phases of TBI because of excitotoxicity, ischemia and oxidative stress; this can serve as useful biomarker to predict the severity and prognosis of TBIs. Moreover, the effect of choline-replenishing agents as a post-TBI management strategy has been reviewed in clinical and preclinical studies. Overall, this review determines the theranostic potential of choline phospholipids and provides new insights in the management of TBI.

scholarly journals Early-life cytomegalovirus infection is associated with gut microbiota perturbations and increased risk of atopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind Sbihi ◽  
Karen Simmons ◽  
Malcolm Sears ◽  
Theo Moraes ◽  
Allan Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Old Friends

Background: The ‘old friends’ hypothesis posits that reduced exposure to previously ubiquitous microorganisms is one factor involved in the increased rates of allergic diseases. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) may be one of the “old friends” hypothesized to help prevent allergic diseases. We sought to elucidate whether early-life CMV infection is associated with childhood atopy via perturbations of the gut microbiota. Methods: Participants were recruited from a population-based birth cohort (CHILD study) and followed prospectively until age five years in four Canadian cities. A total of 928 participants provided stool microbiome data, urine for CMV testing, skin-prick tests, and questionnaires-based detailed environmental exposures. CMV infection was assessed in the first year of life while the main outcome was defined by persistent sensitization to any allergen at ages 1, 3, and 5 years. Results: Early CMV infection was associated with increased beta and decreased alpha diversity of the gut microbiota. Both changes in diversity measures and early CMV infection were associated with persistent allergic sensitization at age 5 years (aOR= 2.08; 95%CI: 1, 4.33). Mediation analysis demonstrated that perturbation of gut microbial composition explains 30% of the association. Conclusions: Early-life CMV infection is associated with an alteration in the intestinal microbiota, which mediates the effect of the infection on childhood atopy. This work indicates that preventing CMV infection would not put children at increased risk of developing atopy. Rather, a CMV vaccine, in addition to preventing CMV-associated morbidity and mortality, might reduce the risk of childhood allergic diseases.

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