scholarly journals Urine pH Value and Bacteriology in Purple Urine Bag Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yu-Jang Su ◽  
Hsiu-Wu Yang ◽  
Chen-Wang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Urinary Ph ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Alkaline Urine ◽  
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Purple Urine

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is an unusual phenomenon in patients with urinary tract infections. The urine of most of these patients has an alkaline pH. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The goal of this study was to identify infectious bacteria and determine urinary pH in patients with PUBS and to evaluate their correlation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> PubMed was searched using the term “Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS)” for studies on this condition published from October 1980 to September 2019. Sixty-seven patients were identified and divided into those with urine cultures positive for Gram-positive bacteria (GPB; <i>n</i> = 3), Gram-negative bacteria (GNB; <i>n</i> = 45), and mixed Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MGPNB; <i>n</i> = 19). Age, gender, urinary pH, comorbidities (diabetes and uremia), fever, shock, and mortality were compared in the 3 groups. The correlation between urinary pH and type of bacteria in urine cultures was assessed by regression analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Presentation of fever in PUBS accounted for 66.7, 11.1, and 5.3%, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05, in GPB, GNB, and MGPNB. Regression analyses showed that <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> was associated with less alkaline urine (regression coefficient −0.936, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05), whereas <i>Proteus</i> spp. was associated with more alkaline urine (regression coefficient 0.489, <i>p</i> = 0.04). GNB were the most predominant pathogens in patients with PUBS. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In PUBS, urine pH and symptom presentation are different by variable bacteria. Fever is associated with urinary GPB. <i>Proteus</i> spp. correlates with more alkaline urine, whereas <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. correlates significantly with less alkaline urine.

Bacterial Pattern of Community acquired Urinary Tract Infections: A Challenge for Antimicrobial Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Nader A. Nemr ◽  
Rania M. Kishk ◽  
Mohammed Abdou ◽  
Hassnaa Nassar ◽  
Noha M Abu bakr Elsaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered one of the most common bacterial infections seen in health care. To our knowledge, there is no available antimicrobial resistance surveillance system for monitoring of community-acquired UTIs (CA- UTIs) in our country. Objectives: we aimed to discuss the bacterial pattern and resistance profile of CA-UTIs in Ismailia, Egypt. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 400 patients suffering from symptoms of acute UTIs. Urine specimens were collected by clean-catch mid-stream method, examined microscopically and inoculated immediately on blood agar and MacConkey's agar plates. Colony counting, isolation and identification of the urinary pathogens were performed by the conventional biochemical tests according to the isolated organism. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Interpretation was performed according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: out of 400 specimens, 136 of them revealed no bacterial growth or insignificant bacteriuria. Most of participants with UTI were females (81.8%) (p=0.008) and 54.5% of them were married (P=0.1). Gram negative bacteria were more common than Gram positive representing 66 % and 34% respectively. E. coli was the most common isolated organism (39%) followed by S. aureus (32%), K. Pneumoniae and Pseudomonas (10.5% for each), Proteus (6%) and Enterococci (2%). E. coli isolates showed the highest susceptibility to imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, nitrofurantoin, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Most of our patients were diabetics (64.8%) (p=0.004). The mean ± SD of HbA1c was 6.4±2.0 with 4 to 12.6 range, S.E was 0.1 and 95% C.I was 6.2- 6.7. The highest mean ± SD of HbA1c was in S. aureus infections. Conclusion: Gram negative bacteria were most common than Gram positive with predominance of E. coli with significant relation to the presence of diabetes.

scholarly journals Serious Antimicrobial Resistance Status of Pathogens Causing Hospital-acquired Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in North China

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Wang ◽  
R Zhang ◽  
W Li ◽  
Y Feng ◽  
T Leng
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Antimicrobial resistance patterns of pathogens causing hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in Shandong Province, China were investigated using data collected from January 2002 to December 2006. A total of 10337 isolates were characterized in sputum samples from 39 920 LRTI patients: 68.72% were Gram-negative bacteria, 20.65% were Gram-positive bacteria, and 10.62% were fungi. Organisms most frequently isolated were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.88%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.80%), Escherichia coli (10.71%), fungi (10.62%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.68%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (9.03%). Imipenem was the most effective antibiotic against Gram-negative bacteria. Most Gram-positive bacteria were susceptible to vancomycin. Susceptibility to cephalosporins was not optimal and resistance to fluoroquinolones was high. Resistance of Gram-negative bacteria showed a rapid increase over the study period, while resistance of Gram-positive bacteria remained relatively stable. The emergence of resistance to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents used against LRTI pathogens has compounded the problem of using empirical therapy and created selective pressure on physicians to use certain antibiotics.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic based dosing of ciprofloxacin in complicated urinary tract infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Sabo ◽  
Ana Tomas ◽  
Nataša Tomić ◽  
Momir Mikov ◽  
Olga Horvat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Effect ◽  
Dosing Regimens ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Concentration Curves

<p>Ciprofloxacin is often used in treatment of complicated urinary tract infections in areas with high rates of resistance to first line agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of ciprofloxacin in standard dosing regimens in treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. Plasma concentration curves were simulated and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and post-antibiotic effect were determined. Ciprofloxacin MIC ranged from 0.0156 for Gram-negative and to 0.125-0.5 µg/mL for Gram-positive bacteria. Both dosing regimens were suitable for eradication of Gram-negative bacteria, with slight supremacy of 750 mg/12 hours over 500 mg/12 hours dosing regimen. Even though all strains were fully susceptible to ciprofloxacin, pharmaco-kinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters did not meet target thresholds for pathogens with MIC over 0.1-0.2 µg/mL regardless of the administered dose. Ciprofloxacin remains an excellent choice for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, but in infection caused by Gram-positive strains, deeper analysis is necessary in order to achieve optimal results.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Leading Uropathogens and an Empirical Therapy at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Muzaffarabad

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) with non-specific treatment are leading to drug resistance. Cost-effective empirical therapy demands a brief survey of causative agents with their antibiograms. This study will show the bacterial spectrum and their susceptibility toward drugs which will enable us to make an accurate choice of drugs for empirical therapy. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the bacterial profile in UTI and demonstrate its pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the microbiological lab of Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Hospital, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) from Oct 2017 to Oct 2018. Mid-stream urine received in the department of microbiology with symptomatic UTI was considered and inoculated onto Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar. Bacterial identification with a series of biochemical tests and diffusion disc-based antimicrobial susceptibility test were done according to standard operating procedures. Results: Out of 552 samples, 113(20.4%) of the specimenswere cultured positive with the majority of females with 80(70.7%) of prevalence while the male were 33(29.3%). E.coli was most frequent bacteria isolated about 49(43.4%) followed by S.aureus 23(20.4%), Klebsiellapneumonia 15(13.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9(8%), Proteus mirabilis 6(5.3%), Enterobacter spp. 5(4.4%), Citrobacter spp. 3(2.6%), Salmonella 2(1.7%) and Klebsiellaoxytoca 1(0.9%). Gram-negative bacteria showed great susceptibility for Tazobactam-piperacillin, Meropenem, Levofloxacin and Nitrofurantoin. Gram-positive were highly sensitive to Nitrofurantoin, Amikacin and Cefixime. Ampicillin showed the highest resistance rate of 87.4%. Conclusion: As an empirical treatment, Tazobactam-piperacillin and Meropenem are goodchoices for gram-negative bacteria while Nitrofurantoin showed high efficacy toward gram-positive bacteria.

scholarly journals Urine Culture in Hospitalized Patients during 2014-2018: An Analysis on Pathogen Distribution and Drug Sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dongkai Sun ◽  
Peishan Cong ◽  
Fengju Guan ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Lijiang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective. We sought to analyze the distribution and antibiotic sensitivity of pathogens in hospitalized patients and to provide a scientific reference for the rational application of antibiotics. Methods. From January 2014 to December 2018, urine cultures from patients in our hospital were collected and analyzed retrospectively for the presence, distribution, and drug sensitivity of pathogens. Results. A total of 42,854 midstream urine cultures were collected from which 11,891 (27.75%) pathogens were isolated, including 8101 (68.13%) strains of gram-negative bacteria, 2580 (21.69%) strains of gram-positive bacteria, and 1210 (10.18%) strains of fungi. Escherichia coli and Enterococci were the most common species of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, respectively. Drug sensitivity varied among different pathogens. Clear drug resistance was observed in bacteria, while fungus exhibited relatively lower resistance. Conclusion. Pathogens responsible for urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients are diversiform and display resistance to some antibiotics. Drug resistance monitoring should be enhanced to optimize antimicrobial therapy.

scholarly journals Rapid diagnosis and reduced workload for urinary tract infection using flowcytometry combined with direct antibiotic susceptibility testing

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254064
Author(s):  
Hanne Margrethe Gilboe ◽  
Olaug Marie Reiakvam ◽  
Linda Aasen ◽  
Trygve Tjade ◽  
Johan Bjerner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tract Infections

Background We evaluated if flowcytometry, using Sysmex UF-5000, could improve diagnosis of urinary tract infections by rapid identification of culture negative and contaminated samples prior to culture plating, thus reducing culture plating workload and response time. We also evaluated if it is possible to reduce the response time for antibiotic susceptibility profiles using the bacteria information flag on Sysmex UF-5000 to differentiate between Gram positive and negative bacteria, followed by direct Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (dAST) on the positive urine samples. Methods One thousand urine samples were analyzed for bacteria, white blood cells and squamous cells by flowcytometry before culture plating. Results from flowcytometric analysis at different cut-off values were compared to results of culture plating. We evaluated dAST on 100 urine samples that were analyzed as positive by flowcytometry, containing either Gram positive or Gram negative bacteria. Results Using a cut-off value with bacterial count ≥100.000/mL and WBCs ≥10/μL, flowcytometry predicted 42,1% of samples with non-significant growth. We found that most contaminated samples contain few squamous cells. For 52/56 positive samples containing Gram negative bacteria dAST was identical to routine testing. Overall, there was concordance in 555/560 tested antibiotic combinations. Conclusion Flowcytometry offers advantages for diagnosis of urinary tract infections. Screening for negative urine samples on the day of arrival reduces culture plating and workload, and results in shorter response time for the negative samples. The bacteria information flag predicts positive samples containing Gram negative bacteria for dAST with high accuracy, thus Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile can be reported the day after arrival. For the positive samples containing Gram negative bacteria the concordance was very good between dAST and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing in routine. For positive samples containing Gram positive bacteria the results were not convincing. We did not find any correlation between epithelial cells and contamination.

Rapid demonstration of septic or infectious arthritis due to Gram-negative bacteria

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Paul R. Gross ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Arthritis ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Infectious Arthritis ◽  
Bacterial Arthritis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Blood cultures are positive in approximately only 50 per cent of the patients with nongonococcal bacterial infectious arthritis and about 20 per cent of those with gonococcal arthritis. But the concept that gram-negative bacteria could be involved even in chronic arthritis is well-supported. Gram stains are more definitive in staphylococcal arthritis caused by gram-positive bacteria than in bacterial arthritis due to gram-negative bacteria. In the latter situation where gram-negative bacilli are the problem, Gram stains are helpful for 50% of the patients; they are only helpful for 25% of the patients, however, where gram-negative gonococci are the problem. In arthritis due to gram-positive Staphylococci. Gramstained smears are positive for 75% of the patients.

In-vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Shorea robusta Gaertn. F. Resin

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Sushma Vashisht ◽  
Manish Pal Singh ◽  
Viney Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Resin Extract

The methanolic extract of the resin of Shorea robusta was subjected to investigate its antioxidant and antibacterial properties its utility in free radical mediated diseases including diabetic, cardiovascular, cancer etc. The methanol extract of the resin was tested for antioxidant activity using scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) radical method, reducing power by FeCl3 and antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria using disc diffusion method. The phytochemical screening considered the presence of triterpenoids, tannins and flavoniods. Overall, the plant extract is a source of natural antioxidants which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stress mediated diseases including aging. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of resin extract of Shorea robusta and ascorbic acid were 35.60 µg/ml and 31.91 µg/ml respectively. The resin extract exhibit a significant dose dependent inhibition of DPPH activity. Antibacterial activity was observed against gram positive and gram negative bacteria in dose dependent manner.Key Words: Shorea robusta, antioxidant, antibacterial, Disc-diffusion, DPPH.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document