The potential role of sleep in promoting a healthy body composition: Underlying mechanisms determining muscle, fat, and bone mass and their association to sleep

AbstractAn increasing number of studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, chromatin remodeling, metabolism and immune escape. Clinically, the expression of MIR22HG is increased in many human tumors (colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, and thyroid carcinoma), while in others (esophageal adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma), it is significantly decreased. Moreover, MIR22HG has been reported to function as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), be involved in signaling pathways, interact with proteins and interplay with miRNAs as a host gene to participate in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In this review, we describe the biological functions of MIR22HG, reveal its underlying mechanisms for cancer regulation, and highlight the potential role of MIR22HG as a novel cancer prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target that can increase the efficacy of immunotherapy and targeted therapy for cancer treatment.

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Computational Approaches to Understanding the Role of Fibroblast-Myocyte Interactions in Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/465714 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Tashalee R. Brown ◽

Trine Krogh-Madsen ◽

David J. Christini

Keyword(s):

Gap Junctions ◽

Potential Role ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽

Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis ◽

Voltage Dependent ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Slow Propagation

The adult heart is composed of a dense network of cardiomyocytes surrounded by nonmyocytes, the most abundant of which are cardiac fibroblasts. Several cardiac diseases, such as myocardial infarction or dilated cardiomyopathy, are associated with an increased density of fibroblasts, that is, fibrosis. Fibroblasts play a significant role in the development of electrical and mechanical dysfunction of the heart; however the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. One widely studied mechanism suggests that fibroblasts produce excess extracellular matrix, resulting in collagenous septa. These collagenous septa slow propagation, cause zig-zag conduction paths, and decouple cardiomyocytes resulting in a substrate for arrhythmia. Another emerging mechanism suggests that fibroblasts promote arrhythmogenesis through direct electrical interactions with cardiomyocytes via gap junctions. Due to the challenges of investigating fibroblast-myocyte coupling in native cardiac tissue, computational modeling andin vitroexperiments have facilitated the investigation into the mechanisms underlying fibroblast-mediated changes in cardiomyocyte action potential morphology, conduction velocity, spontaneous excitability, and vulnerability to reentry. In this paper, we summarize the major findings of the existing computational studies investigating the implications of fibroblast-myocyte interactions in the normal and diseased heart. We then present investigations from our group into the potential role of voltage-dependent gap junctions in fibroblast-myocyte interactions.

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Interleukin-17A in Alzheimer’s disease: recent advances and controversies

Current Neuropharmacology ◽

10.2174/1570159x19666210823110004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

Author(s):

Xin-Zhu Yan ◽

Laijun Lai ◽

Qiang Ao ◽

Xiao-hong Tian ◽

Yan-hui Zhang

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Older Adults ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Potential Role ◽

Global Burden ◽

Future Studies ◽

The Past ◽

Interleukin 17A ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which mainly affects older adults. Although the global burden of AD is increasing year by year, the causes of AD remain largely unknown. Numerous basic and clinical studies have shown that interleukin-17A (IL-17A) may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AD. A comprehensive assessment ofthe role of IL-17A in AD would benefit the diagnosis, understanding of etiology and treatment. However, over the past decade controversies remain regarding the expression level and role of IL-17A in AD. We have incorporated newly published researches and point out that IL-17A expression levels may vary along with the development of AD, exercising different roles at different stages of AD, although much more work remains to be done to support the potential role of IL-17A in AD-related pathology.Here, it is our intention to review the underlying mechanisms of IL-17A in AD and address the current controversies, in an effort to clarify the results of existing research and suggest future studies.

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Testing for a role of Dnmt2 in paternal trans-generational immune priming

10.1101/422063 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nora K E Schulz ◽

Maike F Diddens-de Buhr ◽

Joachim Kurtz

Keyword(s):

Potential Role ◽

Epigenetic Inheritance ◽

Red Flour Beetle ◽

Adult Offspring ◽

Paternal Effects ◽

Immune Priming ◽

Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance ◽

Generational Effects ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractTrans-generational effects from fathers to offspring are increasingly reported from diverse organisms, but the underlying mechanisms are often unknown. Paternal trans-generational immune priming (TGIP) was demonstrated in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum: non-infectious bacterial exposure (priming) of fathers protects their offspring against an infectious challenge. Here we studied a potential role of the Dnmt2 (now also called Trdnmt1) gene, which encodes a highly conserved enzyme that provides CpG methylation to a set of tRNAs and has previously been reported to be involved in transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in mice. We first studied gene expression and found that Dnmt2 was expressed throughout life, with high expression in testes. Knockdown of Dnmt2 in fathers slowed down offspring larval development and increased mortality of the adult offspring upon bacterial infection. However, the observed effects were independent of the paternal priming treatment. In conclusion, our results point towards a role of Dnmt2 for paternal effects, while elucidation of the mechanisms behind paternal TGIP needs further studies.

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Muscle Rad expression and human metabolism: potential role of the novel Ras-related GTPase in energy expenditure and body composition

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diabetes.46.3.444 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 444-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

W. T. Garvey ◽

L. Maianu ◽

A. Kennedy ◽

P. Wallace ◽

E. Ganaway ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Potential Role ◽

The Novel ◽

Human Metabolism

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Transient musical hallucinations in a young adult male associated with alcohol withdrawal

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2021.710 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

pp. S267-S267

Author(s):

Mao Lim ◽

Graham Blackman ◽

Anthony David ◽

Fahmida Mannan

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Alcohol Withdrawal ◽

Potential Role ◽

Auditory Hallucinations ◽

Recreational Drug ◽

Recreational Drug Use ◽

History Of ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Serotonin Toxicity

AimsWe present the case of a 25-year-old male who presented to A&E with isolated musical hallucinations, in the absence of audiological or neurological disease.BackgroundMusical hallucinations (MH) are a form of complex auditory hallucinations whereby an individual experiences an instrumental and/or vocal melody in the absence of auditory stimuli.ResultThe patient had a history of recreational drug use and a family history of psychosis. Hallucinations, which were preceded by discontinuation of alcohol and re-initiation of citalopram for depression, resolved spontaneously after three days.ConclusionAetiological factors are discussed alongside the existing literature. Whilst the underlying mechanisms underpinning musical hallucinations remains elusive, the case illustrates the potential role of alcohol withdrawal, serotonin toxicity, recreational drug use and genetic vulnerability.

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Influence of gut microbiome on multiple myeloma: friend or foe?

Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer ◽

10.1136/jitc-2020-000576 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e000576

Author(s):

Nausheen Ahmed ◽

Mahmoud Ghannoum ◽

Molly Gallogly ◽

Marcos de Lima ◽

Ehsan Malek

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽

Potential Role ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Over Time

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells, which typically evolves over time from its precursor, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. While the underlying mechanisms of this evolution remain elusive, immunomodulatory factors affecting the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment are suspected to play a role. There is an increasing evidence that the gut microbiome exerts an influence on its host’s adaptive and innate immune systems, inflammatory pathways and the BM microenvironment. Dysbiosis, therefore, may impact tumorigenesis in MM. This article gives an overview of potential mechanisms by which the microbiome may influence the pathogenesis of MM, MM patients’ responses to treatment and toxicities experienced by MM patients undergoing autologous transplant. It also discusses the potential role of the mycobiome in MM, a less studied component of the microbiome.

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Transient Musical Hallucinations in a Young Adult Male Associated with Alcohol Withdrawal

Case Reports in Psychiatry ◽

10.1155/2019/6546451 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Graham Blackman ◽

Mao Fong Lim ◽

Fahmida Mannan ◽

Anthony David

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Alcohol Withdrawal ◽

Neurological Disease ◽

Potential Role ◽

Recreational Drug ◽

Recreational Drug Use ◽

History Of ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Serotonin Toxicity

We present the case of a 25-year-old male who presented to A&E with isolated musical hallucinations, in the absence of audiological or neurological disease. The patient had a history of recreational drug use and a family history of psychosis. Hallucinations, which were preceded by discontinuation of alcohol and reinitiation of citalopram for depression, resolved spontaneously after three days. Aetiological factors are discussed alongside the existing literature. Whilst the underlying mechanisms underpinning musical hallucinations remain elusive, the case illustrates the potential role of alcohol withdrawal, serotonin toxicity, recreational drug use, and genetic vulnerability.

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Mitochondrial Uncoupling: A Key Contributor to Reduced Cardiac Efficiency in Diabetes

Physiology ◽

10.1152/physiol.00008.2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 250-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 115

Author(s):

Sihem Boudina ◽

E. Dale Abel

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Dysfunction ◽

Myocardial Oxygen Consumption ◽

Potential Role ◽

Cardiac Metabolism ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Cardiac Efficiency ◽

Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in individuals with obesity and diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms for cardiac dysfunction are partially understood. Studies have suggested that altered cardiac metabolism may play a role. The diabetic heart is characterized by increased fatty acid oxidation, increased myocardial oxygen consumption, and reduced cardiac efficiency. Here, we review possible mechanisms for reduced cardiac efficiency in obesity and diabetes by focusing on the potential role of mitochondrial uncoupling.

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