scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Severe Alopecia Areata Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mehdi Gheisari ◽  
Khatere Zahedi ◽  
Zohreh Tehranchinia ◽  
Hamideh Moravvej ◽  
Fahimeh Abdollahimajd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protective Measures

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The pandemic of COVID-19 has several implications for patients with chronic stress-sensitive diseases such as alopecia areata (AA). On the other hand, the vulnerability of AA patients using immunosuppressives to a more severe infection is in the shadow of ambiguity. This teledermatology study aimed to evaluate the course and outcome of AA in patients during this challenging period. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients with AA who had previously received systemic therapy included in this study. Information about demographic data, AA history, characteristics, and treatments, hair loss progression, Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), adherence to protective measures against the COVID-19, possible infection, and its features obtained via a telephone call. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 57 patients participated. The majority (84.2%) of the participants had mild anxiety assessed by CDAS. Two patients (3.5%) had got infected with COVID-19. Twenty-one (36.8%) participants experienced hair loss progression. Hair loss progression correlated with drug dose reduction (OR: 46.09, 95% CI 5.48–387.14, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) although it did not influence by the level of anxiety evaluated by the CDAS (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The anxiety perceived by severe AA patients about COVID-19 is mild; however, many experience hair loss progressions owing to their drug dose reduction.

Hair Growth in a Patient with Alopecia Areata on Tocilizumab

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Chloe J. Walker ◽  
Kelly E. Flanagan ◽  
James T. Pathoulas ◽  
Isabel Pupo Wiss ◽  
Maryanne M. Senna
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Posterior Uveitis ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Antibody Targeting ◽  
Growth Changes

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Tocilizumab (TCZ), a recombinant humanized antihuman monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling, is often utilized in the management of autoimmune disease. Few reports have demonstrated hair growth changes in patients on TCZ. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> Herein, we review the literature and report a 21-year-old woman with progressive alopecia areata (AA) presenting with AA improvement while on TCZ for concomitant posterior uveitis. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> Our case demonstrates the potential ability of TCZ to disrupt IL-6 signaling involved in AA, leading to hair loss and regrowth.

ANTIBIOTICS AND IATROGENIC DISEASE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
T. E. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
Iatrogenic Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Calculated Risk ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
The Subject

THE ASSOCIATION of the term "iatrogenic disease" with the clinical use of antibiotics poses many problems. Physicians generally are familiar with most of the untoward reactions that may follow the use of antibiotics, and many excellent reviews of the subject are to be found in the literature. One cannot divorce the undesirable effects of antibiotics from the beneficial ones and, in this light, therapy becomes a calculated risk. If the probable discomforts or dangers outweigh the probable advantages, the cure may be worse than the disease, and one is then dealing with true iatrogenic disease. Probabilities of this kind cannot be assessed easily with antibiotics because reactions vary so much with type of drug, dose, course, method of giving and in different patients. Certain reports may be biased one way or the other because of personal prejudices or unusual series. Some ill effects are undoubtedly related to unwise, improper or careless use of the drug; others are not. So true incidences are not accurately known. Reactions where antibiotics are being used needlessly for trivial infections or for unnecessary prophybaxis are particularly deplorable while risks are justified when dealing with severe infections known to respond. Evaluation is difficult with infections of borderline severity and those prone to exceptionally severe secondary bacterial complications. Reactions may be mild or severe; none is negligible. Oxytetracycline, for example, is considered to be relatively harmless. Still, Jackson and his colleagues reported that 58% of patients with pneumonia showed untoward effects attributable to this antibiotic. Most reactions were mild, but the antibiotic was believed to have contributed in large measure to the fatal outcome in five of the seven patients who died in the 91 cases.

Demographic changes and savings behavior: the experience of a developing country

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Savings Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Savings Rate ◽  
The Government

PurposeThis paper aims to disclose the savings behavior of Iran's economy in the context of demographic transition.Design/methodology/approachEmploying a version of Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans growth model, this paper benefits from a broad range of data and variables which are mainly taken from the Central Bank of Iran's database. The study uses actual and calculated data to produce analogous simulated data. The data cover the 1970–2015 period. This long period provides an opportunity to simulate more valid time series. It is worth noting that due to the severe economic sanctions imposed on the Iran's economy, particularly after 2017, some most recent data have been obliterated from the sample.FindingsThe results, stemming from the simulated model, hint that; firstly, the population variable is a notable determinant of the savings rate. Secondly, the effects of a slump in the population growth rate would attenuate the savings level significantly. Thirdly, other pragmatic steps could be taken to redress the fallout of the demographic changes.Research limitations/implicationsThere are some limitations in providing broad data related to economic sectors in Iran. The savings data, for instance, are available as an aggregated time series, and if the authors had wide data of household level, they would have been able to build more detail-based model. Similar to this issue of lack of households’ income-based data, some measures such as high or low levels as well as detailed demographic data could be helpful in sophisticated household level resulting. In addition, the complex relationship between the government and social security (pension) funds, in terms of financing part of government's budget deficit by these funds, thwarts a typical researcher in using comprehensive and transparent government expenditure data in their research. In other words, the possible positive or negative role of the funds, as a related issue to the demographic changes, cannot simply be determined in the model. It might be possible after necessary corrections are carried out in the mentioned relations.Originality/valueIn fact, the problem statement in this paper is to discern how the population aging can impact the saving rates on the one hand, and to what extent its repercussion can be modified by the other theoretical-based determinants on the other. In fact, the underlying argument of the present research arises from the stylized facts concerning prognosticates of the future evolutions of the world's population. To that end, the study will use Iran's economic and demographic data.

scholarly journals “‘You lose your hair, what’s the big deal?’ I was so embarrassed, I was so self-conscious, I was so depressed:” a qualitative interview study to understand the psychosocial burden of alopecia areata

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie V. J. Aldhouse ◽  
Helen Kitchen ◽  
Sarah Knight ◽  
Jake Macey ◽  
Fabio P. Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
Psychosocial Burden ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Expert Clinician

Abstract Background Alopecia areata (AA) is characterized by hair loss that can affect the scalp and body. This study describes the psychosocial burden of AA. Methods Participants diagnosed with AA who had experienced ≥50% scalp hair loss according to the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) were identified by clinicians. A semi-structured interview guide, developed with expert clinician input, included open-ended questions to explore patients’ experiences of living with AA. Data were thematically analyzed to identify concepts and relationships. Results Participants (n = 45, 58% female, mean age 33.3 years [range 15–72], mean SALT 67.2 [range 0–100]) described the AA diagnosis as “devastating”. Both males and females reported emotional and psychological impacts of AA including feeling sad/depressed (n = 21), embarrassed/ashamed (n = 10) and angry/frustrated (n = 3). Patients felt helpless (n = 5) due to the unpredictability of disease recurrence, and anxious (n = 19) about judgement from others. Many patients avoided social situations (n = 18), which impaired relationships and increased isolation. Coping strategies included concealment of hair loss through wigs or make-up, although fear of the displacement of these coverings also caused anxiety and the avoidance of activities that could result in scalp exposure (n = 22). Some patients became more accepting of AA over time, which lessened the emotional impact, though efficacious treatment was still desired. A conceptual framework was developed, and a conceptual model was created to depict the relationship between the physical signs/symptoms and the associated psychosocial effects of AA. Conclusion AA impairs patients’ emotional and psychological wellbeing, relationships and lifestyles. Greater disease awareness and effective treatments are needed.

scholarly journals Micro-Fenomenología de la Subjetividad del Psicoterapeuta Sistémico

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130
Author(s):  
Ángela Hernández CORDOBA ◽  
Miguel Ángel Villamil PINEDA
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phenomenological Method ◽  
Relational Context ◽  
Emotion Experience ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
First Impression ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The One

Systemic psychological therapy takes place in a relational context, where the subjectivities of the consultants and the therapists interact. Traditional research has focused more on the characteristics of the consultants than on the subjectivity of the therapist. Hence, "third person" perspectives have been privileged. The few studies that investigate the subjectivity of the therapist resort to introspective, interpretive and prescriptive methodologies. How to access the subjectivity of the therapist from different perspectives than those offered by "third person" observation and "first person" introspection? The purpose of the article is to explore, through the micro-phenomenological method, how the subjectivity of the therapist is shown in the first impression of a consultant. To do this, interviews were conducted with six therapists. The results show that en-active emotionality appears as an invariant of the therapist's subjectivity; and that this invariant operates as an "intelligent motivation", which enters "into action" in the course of the intersubjective relationship itself and permanently monitors and guides the therapeutic process. The results allow us to consider, on the one hand, that traditional research has undervalued the importance of en-active emotions in the therapeutic process; and, on the other, that the qualitative improvement of therapy implies not only recognizing this invariant, but also cultivating it. Palavras-chave : Subjectivity; Systemic therapy; Micro-phenomenology; En-active emotion; Experience.

scholarly journals Performance of Black and Indigenous applicants in a medical school admissions process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Girgulis ◽  
Andrea Rideout ◽  
Mohsin Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical School Admissions ◽  
Indigenous Group ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Acceptance Rates ◽  
Admissions Process ◽  
Multiple Mini Interview

Background: Diversity in medical schools has lagged behind Canada’s growing multicultural population. Dalhousie medical school allows Black and Indigenous applicants to self-identify. We examined how these applicants performed and progressed through the admissions process compared to Other group (applicants who did not self-identify). Methods: Retrospective analysis of four application cycles (2015-2019) was conducted, comparing demographic data, scores for application components (Computer-Based Assessment for Sampling Personal Characteristics (CASPer), MCAT, GPA, supplemental, discretionary, Multiple Mini Interview (MMI)), and final application status between the three groups. Results: Of 1322 applicants, 104 identified as Black, 64 Indigenous, and 1154 Other. GPA was higher in the Other compared to the Indigenous group (p < 0.001). CASPer score was higher in the Other compared to the Black group (p = 0.047). There was no difference between groups for all other application components. A large proportion of Black and Indigenous applicants had incomplete applications. Acceptance rates were similar between all groups. Black applicants declined an admission offer substantially more than expected (31%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Black and Indigenous applicants who completed their application progressed well through the admissions process. The pool of diverse applicants needs to be increased and support provided for completion of applications. Further study is warranted to understand why qualified applicants decline acceptance.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutico-Analytical study of Karanjadi Taila and its conversion into cream

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (05) ◽  
pp. 245-249
Author(s):  
Sachin S. Sheth ◽  
Gangaprasad R. Asore ◽  
Kiran Sudhakar Darade
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Chief Complaint ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Analytical Results

Karanjadi Taila is medicated oil used in Ayurveda for Indralupta (Alopecia). Indralupta comes under Kshudra Roga which is characterized by loss of hair it can be correlated with Alopecia areata which is having chief complaint of hair loss on body especially on scalp. The aim of the present study is to do physic-chemical standards for the above Taila and its conversion into Karanjadi Taila cream. These two formulations have a special importance from pharmaceutical point of view when compared to usual Tailas or cream. In present article, we are trying to study analytical results of Karanjadi Taila w.s.r. to Karanjadi Taila cream.

scholarly journals The Surge of Young Americans from Minority-White Mixed Families & Its Significance for the Future

Daedalus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-214
Author(s):  
Richard Alba
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Data System ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
American Society ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Demographic Evolution

Abstract The number of youth from mixed majority-minority families, in which one parent is White and the other minority, is surging in the early twenty-first century. This development is challenging both our statistical schemes for measuring ethnicity and race as well as our thinking about their demographic evolution in the near future. This essay summarizes briefly what we know about mixed minority-White Americans and includes data about their growing numbers as well as key social characteristics of children and adults from mixed backgrounds. The essay concludes that this phenomenon highlights weaknesses in our demographic data system as well as in the majority-minority narrative about how American society is changing.

scholarly journals Implementation of the mixed linear models in experimental infections with WSSV in the withe shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-565
Author(s):  
María Alejandra Ramírez-Ruíz ◽  
Raúl Simá-Álvarez ◽  
Edgar Tórres-Irineo ◽  
Rossanna Rodríguez-Canul
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Host Response ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mixed Linear Models ◽  
Dna Injection ◽  
Shrimp Industry ◽  
Experimental Strategies

The White Spot Syndrome Virus has been very detrimental for the shrimp industry. Up to date there is no cure for the disease, thus, it is necessary to implement reliable experimental strategies to evaluate the effect of drugs and the host response during the prognosis of the disease. In this study, we evaluated two ways of infection with WSSV (200 copies WSSV-DNA) (injection and immersion), at constant temperature (26 ± 0.5ºC), in juveniles of Litopenaeus vannamei (4.8 ± 0.38 g) in intermolt stage. In the infection by injection, the organisms were lethargic with reddish appearance 2 days after infection and mortality (100%) was observed within 2-5 days: 63% organisms with light degree of infection [20 copies of DNA & 1-5 Cowdry A-type inclusions in hypertrophied nuclei (CAI)/200 fields], 21% had moderate infection (200 copies of DNA & 1-2 CAI/20 fields) and 16% severely infected (2000 copies of DNA & more than 10 CAI/field). No mortality was observed in the controls. In the infection by immersion, the signs of WSSV were observed 3 days after infection: 38% of mortality was observed during 3-9 days: 25% of the organism with light degree of infection (20 copies of DNA & 1-2 CAI/20 fields), 5% moderately infected (200 copies of DNA & 1-2 CAI/20 fields) and 8% with severe infection (2000 copies of DNA & 1-5 CAI/2 fields. The other 62% organisms were necropsied at day 12 and tested positive to the WSSV-PCR (light infection = 20 copies of DNA), but did not show CAI by histology. No mortality was observed in the controls. For the statistical analysis, the data did not fit the criteria of independence and linearity needed for the analyses of variance, thus we used instead the mixed linear models and were able to observe a better prediction: in the injected organisms, the mortality reached the highest peak at day 5 after infection. In the organisms infected by immersion, the highest peak or mortality was observed at day 9 after infection. The analysis of variance of Kenward-Roger indicated significant differences between the days of mortality (F = 20.1, P = 0.001), as well as among the ways of infection (Random analysis) (P = 0.007).

Epidemiological, Clinical, Trichoscopic, and Histopathological Features of Lupus Erythematous Mimicking Alopecia Areata: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Daniel Fernandes Melo ◽  
Paulo Müller Ramos ◽  
Matilde Iorizzo ◽  
Caren dos Santos Lima ◽  
Erica Baptista Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Histopathological Features ◽  
Brown Discoloration ◽  
Perivascular Inflammation

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> All types of lupus erythematosus (LE) may cause hair loss. Nonscarring alopecia was correlated with systemic LE, based on its high specificity. Discoid LE can also appear as nonscarring patches in early stages. Patchy alopecia LE-specific may also mimic alopecia areata (AA) – which can co-occur with LE. The distinction is fundamental to early diagnosis and effective treatment. This study aims to analyze clinical, epidemiological, trichoscopic, and histopathological features of patients with patchy LE-specific alopecia, nonscarring type, mimicking AA. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a multicentric retrospective study. We reviewed the medical records of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of LE mimicking AA. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Ten patients were included (90% female) with a mean age of 45.9 years. Clinically, 60% showed erythema and 70% presented incomplete hair loss. The most common trichoscopic findings were interfollicular arborizing vessels (90%) and scattered brown discoloration (80%). On histopathology, perivascular inflammation (85.7%), peribulbar lymphocytes (85.7%), and dermal pigment incontinence (71.4%) were present in most cases. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Trichoscopy was found as an essential first step for the patchy alopecia diagnosis, enabling to differentiate LE from AA. Putting it mildly, trichoscopy raises the suspicion that leads to a biopsy, increasing the diagnostic accuracy with better outcome for patients.

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