scholarly journals Bio-signals compression using auto-encoder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Sunilkumar K. N. ◽  
Shivashankar Shivashankar ◽  
Keshavamurthy Keshavamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Reconstruction Error ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Medical Purpose ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Hidden Layer ◽  
Novel Algorithm

Latest developments in wearable devices permits un-damageable and cheapest way for gathering of medical data such as bio-signals like ECG, Respiration, Blood pressure etc. Gathering and analysis of various biomarkers are considered to provide anticipatory healthcare through customized applications for medical purpose. Wearable devices will rely on size, resources and battery capacity; we need a novel algorithm to robustly control memory and the energy of the device. The rapid growth of the technology has led to numerous auto encoders that guarantee the results by extracting feature selection from time and frequency domain in an efficient way. The main aim is to train the hidden layer to reconstruct the data similar to that of input. In the previous works, to accomplish the compression all features were needed but in our proposed framework bio-signals compression using auto-encoder (BCAE) will perform task by taking only important features and compress it. By doing this it can reduce power consumption at the source end and hence increases battery life. The performance of the result comparison is done for the 3 parameters compression ratio, reconstruction error and power consumption. Our proposed work outperforms with respect to the SURF method.

Low power aware pulse triggered flip flops using modified clock gating approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 792-803
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Jyothula
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Clock Gating ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Leakage

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to design a low power clock gating technique using Galeor approach by assimilated with replica path pulse triggered flip flop (RP-PTFF).Design/methodology/approachIn the present scenario, the inclination of battery for portable devices has been increasing tremendously. Therefore, battery life has become an essential element for portable devices. To increase the battery life of portable devices such as communication devices, these have to be made with low power requirements. Hence, power consumption is one of the main issues in CMOS design. To reap a low-power battery with optimum delay constraints, a new methodology is proposed by using the advantages of a low leakage GALEOR approach. By integrating the proposed GALEOR technique with conventional PTFFs, a reduction in power consumption is achieved.FindingsThe design was implemented in mentor graphics EDA tools with 130 nm technology, and the proposed technique is compared with existing conventional PTFFs in terms of power consumption. The average power consumed by the proposed technique (RP-PTFF clock gating with the GALEOR technique) is reduced to 47 per cent compared to conventional PTFF for 100 per cent switching activity.Originality/valueThe study demonstrates that RP-PTFF with clock gating using the GALEOR approach is a design that is superior to the conventional PTFFs.

scholarly journals ENERGY IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR PANELS FOR REFRIGERATOR NEEDS LOAD FISHING RESULTS 80 WATT MAXIMUM CAPACITY 20 KG

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
A. YUNUS NASUTION ◽  
ADITYA PRATAMA
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Compressor Power

The initial problems of fishermen still use their semi-modern catches and still use ice cubes as a cooling medium, due to the lack of innovation in the development of the cooling media caught by fishermen. The implementation of solar panel energy is the beginning for the development of refrigerator power consumption caught by fishermen. The goal is to calculate the cooling load on the refrigerator, calculate the Coefficient of performance (COP) at the refrigerator and the loading factors at the refrigerator, where the average ambient temperature is 34 ℃ and the temperature to be achieved is 0℃, the fisherman results used in the study this is a shrimp with a capacity of 20 kg and the cooling time is 4 hours. Where the total cooling load value is 244.29 Watt, multiplied by 10% safety factor, so the overall cooling load is 268.72 Watts, refrigerant mass flow rate is 0.0012 Kg / s, the evaporator capacity is 261 Watt, compressor power is 15.6 Watt, The coefficient of performance (COP) value was 16.73 while for the refrigerant capacity was 0.074 Tons of refrigerant, the loading factors in the study were used to run a refrigerator with 80 Watt power for 4 hours, so that the total refrigerator load was 320 Wh (Watt hour) , to produce 320 Wh power is used 2 solar panel modules with a capacity of 50 Wp (Watt Peak), and uses a solar change controller (SCC) with a capacity of 10 A. The output power of the solar panel is influenced by the intensity of the sun's light emitted, from the test obtained an average value the average output of solar panels is 90.6 watts, while the total power generated in 11 test points is 536 watts, the type used is polycrystalline, solar panels battery and inverter capacity must be greater than the refrigerator power consumption, in this study used a 12V 35 Ah battery capacity and 500 Watt Inverter

scholarly journals Impacts of Driving Conditions on EV Battery Pack Life Cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijun Liu ◽  
Fenfang Chen ◽  
Yuxiang Tong ◽  
Zihang Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The aging of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a crucial issue and must be investigated. The aging rate of LIBs depends not only on the material and electrochemical performance but also on the working conditions. In order to assess the impact of vehicle driving conditions, including the driving cycle, ambient temperature, charging mode, and trip distance on the battery life cycle, this paper first establishes an electric vehicle (EV) energy flow model to solve the operating parameters of the battery pack while working. Then, a powertrain test is carried out to verify the simulation model. Based on the simulated data under different conditions, the battery capacity fade process is estimated by using a semi-empirical aging model. The mileage (Ф) traveled by the vehicle before the end of life (EOL) of the battery pack is then calculated and taken as the evaluation index. The results indicate that the Ф is higher when the vehicle drives the Japanese chassis dynamometer test cycle JC08 than in the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and the Federal Test Procedure (FTP-75). The Ф will be dramatically reduced at both low and high ambient temperatures. Fast charging can increase the Ф at low ambient temperatures, whereas long trip driving can always increase Ф to varying degrees.

Cost-Effective Energy Management for Hybrid Electric Heavy-Duty Truck Including Battery Aging

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Pham ◽  
P. P. J. van den Bosch ◽  
J. T. B. A. Kessels ◽  
R. G. M. Huisman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Battery Power ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Power Capability

Battery temperature has large impact on battery power capability and battery life time. In Hybrid Electric Heavy-duty trucks (HEVs), the high-voltage battery is normally equipped with an active Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) guaranteeing a desired battery life time. Since the BTMS can consume a substantial amount of energy, this paper aims at integrating the Energy Management Strategy (EMS) and BTMS to minimize the overall operational cost of the truck (considering diesel fuel cost and battery life time cost). The proposed on-line strategy makes use of the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) along with a physics-based approach to optimize both the power split (between the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and the Motor Generator (MG)) and the BTMS’s operation. The strategy also utilizes a quasi-static battery cycle-life model taking into account the effects of battery power and battery temperature on the battery capacity loss. Simulation results present an appropriate strategy for EMS and BTMS integration, and demonstrate the trade-off between the total vehicle fuel consumption and the battery life time.

scholarly journals Class-C Linearized Amplifier for Portable Ultrasound Instruments

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Portable Ultrasound ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Class C ◽  
Main Components

Transistor linearizer networks are proposed to increase the transmitted output voltage amplitudes of class-C amplifiers, thus, increasing the sensitivity of the echo signals of piezoelectric transducers, which are the main components in portable ultrasound instruments. For such instruments, class-C amplifiers could be among the most efficient amplifier schemes because, compared with a linear amplifier such as a class-A amplifier, they could critically reduce direct current (DC) power consumption, thus, increasing the battery life of the instruments. However, the reduced output voltage amplitudes of class-C amplifiers could deteriorate the sensitivity of the echo signals, thereby affecting the instrument performance. Therefore, a class-C linearized amplifier was developed. To verify the capability of the class-C linearized amplifier, typical pulse-echo responses using the focused piezoelectric transducers were tested. The echo signal amplitude generated by the piezoelectric transducers when using the class-C linearized amplifier was improved (1.29 Vp-p) compared with that when using the class-C amplifier alone (0.56 Vp-p). Therefore, the class-C linearized amplifier could be a potential candidate to increase the sensitivity of echo signals while reducing the DC power consumption for portable ultrasound instruments.

scholarly journals Photoplethysmography-Based Continuous Systolic Blood Pressure Estimation Method for Low Processing Power Wearable Devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolandas Gircys ◽  
Agnius Liutkevicius ◽  
Egidijus Kazanavicius ◽  
Vita Lesauskaite ◽  
Gyte Damuleviciene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Wave Steepness ◽  
Processing Power

Regardless of age, it is always important to detect deviations in long-term blood pressure from normal levels. Continuous monitoring of blood pressure throughout the day is even more important for elderly people with cardiovascular diseases or a high risk of stroke. The traditional cuff-based method for blood pressure measurements is not suitable for continuous real-time applications and is very uncomfortable. To address this problem, continuous blood pressure measurement methods based on photoplethysmogram (PPG) have been developed. However, these methods use specialized high-performance hardware and sensors, which are not available for common users. This paper proposes the continuous systolic blood pressure (SBP) estimation method based on PPG pulse wave steepness for low processing power wearable devices and evaluates its suitability using the commercially available CMS50FW Pulse Oximeter. The SBP estimation is done based on the PPG pulse wave steepness (rising edge angle) because it is highly correlated with systolic blood pressure. The SBP estimation based on this single feature allows us to significantly reduce the amount of data processed and avoid errors, due to PPG pulse wave amplitude changes resulting from physiological or external factors. The experimental evaluation shows that the proposed SBP estimation method allows the use of off-the-shelf wearable PPG measurement devices with a low sampling rate (up to 60 Hz) and low resolution (up to 8-bit) for precise SBP measurements (mean difference MD = −0.043 and standard deviation SD = 6.79). In contrast, the known methods for continuous SBP estimation are based on equipment with a much higher sampling rate and better resolution characteristics.

scholarly journals Recent Research and Developing Trends of Wearable Sensors for Detecting Blood Pressure

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiya Arakawa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Health Consciousness ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cuffless Blood Pressure ◽  
Improve Health

Blood pressure is considered an index to measure a person’s health or state. The IEEE published a standard for wearable cuffless blood pressure measuring devices, which was certified as IEEE1708 on 26 August 2014, and, according to this standard, the development of wearable devices based on blood pressure is expected in the future. Considering this, blood pressure should be detectable all the time and everywhere, and this can help improve health consciousness. In this review, we introduce the recent development of wearable blood pressure measuring devices and research trends, and present the future prospects for blood pressure measuring devices.

Thermoelectric Generators Embedded in Microelectronic Chip

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Sullivan ◽  
Saibal Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Satish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Thermoelectric Generators ◽  
Useful Power

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can significantly improve the net power consumption and battery life of the mobile devices or high performance devices by generating power from the waste heat of these devices. Recent advancements show that the ultrathin thermoelectric devices can be fabricated and integrated within a microelectronic package. This paper first investigates the power generation by a single ultrathin TEG embedded within a micro-electronic package considering several key factors such as load resistance, chip heat flux, and proximity of the TEG to chip. We observe that the power generation from TEGs increases with increasing background heat flux on chip or when TEGs are moved closer to the chip. After the investigation of a single TEG, an array of embedded TEGs is considered in order to analyze the influence of multiple TEGs on total power generation and conversion efficiency. Increasing the number of TEGs from one to nine increase the useful power generation from 72.9 mW to 378.4 mW but decreases the average conversion efficiency from 0.47% to 0.32%. This suggests that average power generated per TEG gradually decrease from 72.9 mW to 42.0 mW when number of TEGs is increased from one to nine. However, the total useful power generated using nine TEGs is significant and emphasize the benefits of using embedded TEGs to reduce net power consumption in electronics packages.

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