scholarly journals Enhancement of WiMAX networks using OPNET modeler platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
Noor Nateq Alfaisaly ◽  
Suhad Qasim Naeem ◽  
Azhar Hussein Neama
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Multipath Channel ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Wimax Networks ◽  
Better Than

Worldwide interoperability microwave access (WiMAX) is an 802.16 wireless standard that delivers high speed, provides a data rate of 100 Mbps and a coverage area of 50 km. Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) is flexible and offers low-cost telephony for clients over IP. However, there are still many challenges that must be addressed to provide a stable and good quality voice connection over the internet. The performance of various parameters such as multipath channel model and bandwidth over the Star trajectoryWiMAX network were evaluated under a scenario consisting of four cells. Each cell contains one mobile and one base station. Network performance metrics such as throughput and MOS were used to evaluate the best performance of VoIP codecs. Performance was analyzed via OPNET program14.5. The result use of multipath channel model (disable) was better than using the model (ITU pedestrian A). The value of the throughput at 15 dB was approximately 1600 packet/sec, and at -1 dB was its value 1300 packet/se. According to data, the Multipath channel model of the disable type the value of the MOS was better than the ITU Pedestrian A type.

scholarly journals Design and Verification of Secure Mutual Authentication Protocols for Mobile Multihop Relay WiMAX Networks against Rogue Base/Relay Stations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Huang ◽  
Chin-Tser Huang
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Mutual Authentication ◽  
Mobile Station ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Authentication Protocols ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Replay Attack ◽  
Wimax Networks ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Formal Tool

Mobile multihop relay (MMR) WiMAX networks have attracted lots of interest in the wireless communication industry recently because of its scalable coverage, improved data rates, and relatively low cost. However, security of MMR WiMAX networks is the main challenge to be addressed. In this paper, we first identify several possible attacks on MMR WiMAX networks in which a rogue base station (BS) or relay station (RS) can get authenticated and gain control over the connections and show that the current standard does not address this problem well. We then propose a set of new authentication protocols for protecting MMR WiMAX networks from rogue BS attack, rogue RS attack, and suppress-replay attack. Our protocols can provide centralized authentication by using a trusted authentication server to support mutual authentication between RS and BS, between RS and RS, and between mobile station (MS) and RS. Moreover, our protocols can also provide distributed authentication with a license issued by the trusted server. We use a formal tool called Scyther to analyze and verify the security properties of our protocols. The results show that our protocols can counter rogue BS and RS attacks and suppress-replay attack and are not susceptible to any known attacks.

scholarly journals An Analytical Model for Multihop LoRaWAN Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim ◽  
João Henrique Kleinschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Multihop Networks ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Low Energy Consumption

LoRaWAN is one of the most popular LPWAN technology due to the facility to implement applications that require a low cost, low energy consumption, low data rate, and large coverage area. A LoRaWAN network is composed of end-devices that transmit data to gateways, forming a single-hop star topology. Multihop networks are receiving the attention of the LoRaWAN community since it allows to extend the coverage area and improve the energy efficiency,<br>thus prolonging the network lifetime. In this paper, we propose an analytical model for multihop LoRaWAN networks.<br>We investigate the energy consumption, throughput, delay, and packet delivery ratio of single-hop and multihop relay<br>networks. The results showed that the network performance could be improved with relay nodes, giving insights to new<br>multihop proposals for LoRaWAN.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Backhaul-Aware User Association in 5G Ultradense Heterogeneous Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Junpeng Yu ◽  
Hongtao Zhang ◽  
Yuqing Chen ◽  
Yaduan Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Networks ◽  
Association Scheme ◽  
Coverage Probability ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
User Association ◽  
The Impact

In 5G ultradense heterogeneous networks, wireless backhaul, as one of the important base station (BS) resources that affect user services, has attracted more and more attention. However, a user would access to the BS which is the nearest for the user based on the conventional user association scheme, which constrains the network performance improvement due to the limited backhaul capacity. In this paper, using backhaul-aware user association scheme, semiclosed expressions of network performance metrics are derived in ultradense heterogeneous networks, including coverage probability, rate coverage, and network delay. Specifically, all possible access and backhaul links within the user connectable range of BSs and anchor base stations (A-BSs) are considered to minimize the analytical results of outage probability. The outage for the user occurs only when the access link or backhaul link which forms the link combination with the optimal performance is failure. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis and numerical results evaluate the impact of the fraction of A-BSs and the BS-to-user density ratio on network performance metric to seek for a more reasonable deployment of BSs in the practical scenario. The simulation results show that the coverage probability of backhaul-aware user association scheme is improved significantly by about 2× compared to that of the conventional user association scheme when backhaul is constrained.

A Framework for High-Speed Passenger Train Wireless Network Radio Evaluations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subharthi Banerjee ◽  
Michael Hempel ◽  
Naji Albakay ◽  
Pejman Ghasemzadeh ◽  
Hamid Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Network ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Passenger Train ◽  
Past Experiences

By 2030, the United States Federal Transit Administration (FTA) plans to have High Speed Train (HST) systems deployed that span over 12,000 miles across the US. Given the rapidly accelerating growth in consumers demand for fast on-board Internet services, there is a need for a robust and dedicated railroad wireless network architecture for their onboard and Train-to-Ground (T2G) communication systems. And while there are several potential candidates for radio access technologies (RAT), a full understanding of the benefits and drawbacks of each is still missing. We therefore have developed and studied a simulation framework that offers railroads the ability to perform an in-depth evaluation of capabilities for different RATs in terms of interoperability, throughput, handover and bit error rate for various user-driven scenarios. The framework is capable of studying and analyzing conditions such as network performance at different train velocities, base station spacing requirements, as well as analyzing US-specific geographical or track-related architectural scenarios. Our Past experiences in researching railroad wireless solutions have shown that wireless network performance varies widely in environments like tunnels, viaducts, bridges, stations, etc. The simulator offers the network designers significant flexibility in terms of defining parameters to create simulation scenarios and obtaining a detailed understanding of network performance. The work has created a novel, flexible and adaptable simulation framework for high-speed passenger train wireless network evaluation. The simulation tool supports 220MHz-100GHz systems for simulating LTE and 5G-New Radio (5G-NR), and it can support other technologies such as 220MHz PTC, in a time-variant channel. In this paper we present the architecture and the capabilities of the simulator with a sample scenario evaluation. The developed framework aims to support HST wireless communication designers to conduct more detailed analyses and to make more informed decisions in optimizing system deployments.

Performance Studies of FTP, Voice and Video over ATM-Wireless Backbone Network

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
Nurul I. Sarkar ◽  
Ritchie Qi ◽  
Akbar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Asynchronous Transfer Mode ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Atm Network ◽  
Backbone Network

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a high-speed networking technology designed to support real-time applications such as voice and video over both wired and wireless networks. This type of network is being used by medium-to-large organizations and the Internet service providers as backbone network to carry data traffic over long-distance with a guaranteed quality of service (QoS). The guaranteed QoS is achieved through a point-to-point link between end users. While the performance of ATM network over wired network has been studied extensively, the performance of real-time traffic over an ATM-Wireless extension has not been fully explored yet. It is useful to be able to compare the performance of ATM network with and without wireless extension against various network performance metrics to find out the effect of wireless extension on system performance.

scholarly journals Imitation learning for agile autonomous driving

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 286-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Pan ◽  
Ching-An Cheng ◽  
Kamil Saigol ◽  
Keuntaek Lee ◽  
Xinyan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Imitation Learning ◽  
Predictive Controller ◽  
Autonomous Driving System ◽  
Better Than

We present an end-to-end imitation learning system for agile, off-road autonomous driving using only low-cost on-board sensors. By imitating a model predictive controller equipped with advanced sensors, we train a deep neural network control policy to map raw, high-dimensional observations to continuous steering and throttle commands. Compared with recent approaches to similar tasks, our method requires neither state estimation nor on-the-fly planning to navigate the vehicle. Our approach relies on, and experimentally validates, recent imitation learning theory. Empirically, we show that policies trained with online imitation learning overcome well-known challenges related to covariate shift and generalize better than policies trained with batch imitation learning. Built on these insights, our autonomous driving system demonstrates successful high-speed off-road driving, matching the state-of-the-art performance.

scholarly journals Transmit and Receive Antenna Selection Based Resource Allocation for Self-Backhaul 5G Massive MIMO HetNets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Akif ◽  
Aqdas Malik ◽  
Ijaz Qureshi ◽  
Ayesha Abassi
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Antenna Selection ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
User Association ◽  
Transmit Antenna Selection ◽  
Coverage Area

With the advancement in wireless communication technology, the ease of accessibility and increasing coverage area is a major challenge for service providers. Network densification through Small cell Base Stations (SBS) integration in Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) promises to improve network performance for cell edge users. Since providing wired backhaul for small cells is not cost effective or practical, the third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has developed architecture for self-backhaul known as Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) for Fifth Generation (5G). This allows for Main Base Station (MBS) resources to be shared between SBS and MBS users. However, fair and efficient division of MBS resources remains a problem to be addressed. We develop a novel transmit antenna selection/partitioning technique for taking advantage of IAB 5G standard for Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) HetNets. Transmit antenna resources are divided among access for MBS users and for providing wireless backhaul for SBS. We develop A Genetic Algorithm (GA) based Transmit Antenna Selection (TAS) scheme and compare with random selection, eigenvalue-based selection and bandwidth portioning. Our analysis show that GA based TAS has the ability to converge to an optimum antenna subset providing better rate coverage. Furthermore, we also signify the performance of TAS based partitioning over bandwidth partitioning and also show user association can also be controlled using number of antennas reserved for access or backhaul.

scholarly journals An Analytical Model for Multihop LoRaWAN Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim ◽  
João Henrique Kleinschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Multihop Networks ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Low Energy Consumption

LoRaWAN is one of the most popular LPWAN technology due to the facility to implement applications that require a low cost, low energy consumption, low data rate, and large coverage area. A LoRaWAN network is composed of end-devices that transmit data to gateways, forming a single-hop star topology. Multihop networks are receiving the attention of the LoRaWAN community since it allows to extend the coverage area and improve the energy efficiency,<br>thus prolonging the network lifetime. In this paper, we propose an analytical model for multihop LoRaWAN networks.<br>We investigate the energy consumption, throughput, delay, and packet delivery ratio of single-hop and multihop relay<br>networks. The results showed that the network performance could be improved with relay nodes, giving insights to new<br>multihop proposals for LoRaWAN.

scholarly journals Measuring and Assessing Performance of Mobile Broadband Networks and Future 5G Trends

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Ayman A. El-Saleh ◽  
Abdulraqeb Alhammadi ◽  
Ibraheem Shayea ◽  
Nizar Alsharif ◽  
Nouf M. Alzahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Mobile Broadband ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Suburban Cities

Mobile broadband (MBB) is one of the critical goals in fifth-generation (5G) networks due to rising data demand. MBB provides very high-speed internet access with seamless connections. Existing MBB, including third-generation (3G) and fourth-generation (4G) networks, also requires monitoring to ensure good network performance. Thus, performing analysis of existing MBB assists mobile network operators (MNOs) in further improving their MBB networks’ capabilities to meet user satisfaction. In this paper, we analyzed and evaluated the multidimensional performance of existing MBB in Oman. Drive test measurements were carried out in four urban and suburban cities: Muscat, Ibra, Sur and Bahla. This study aimed to analyze and understand the MBB performance, but it did not benchmark the performance of MNOs. The data measurements were collected through drive tests from two MNOs supporting 3G and 4G technologies: Omantel and Ooredoo. Several performance metrics were measured during the drive tests, such as signal quality, throughput (downlink and unlink), ping and handover. The measurement results demonstrate that 4G technologies were the dominant networks in most of the tested cities during the drive test. The average downlink and uplink data rates were 18 Mbps and 13 Mbps, respectively, whereas the average ping and pong loss were 53 ms and 0.9, respectively, for all MNOs.

scholarly journals Oceanographic Multisensor Buoy Based on Low Cost Sensors for Posidonia Meadows Monitoring in Mediterranean Sea

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sendra ◽  
Lorena Parra ◽  
Jaime Lloret ◽  
José Miguel Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Considerable Work

There are some underwater areas with high ecological interest that should be monitored. Posidonia and seagrasses exert considerable work in protecting the coastline from erosion. In these areas, many animals and organisms live and find the grassland food and the protection against predators. It is considered a bioindicator of the quality of coastal marine waters. It is important to monitor them and maintain these ecological communities as clean as possible. In this paper, we present an oceanographic buoy for Posidonia meadows monitoring. It is based on a set of low cost sensors which are able to collect data from water such as salinity, temperature, and turbidity and from the weather as temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall, among others. The system is mounted in a buoy which keeps it isolated to possible oxidation problems. Data gathered are processed using a microcontroller. Finally the buoy is connected with a base station placed on the mainland through a wireless connection using a FlyPort module. The network performance is checked in order to ensure that no delays will be generated on the data transmission. This proposal could be used to monitor other areas with special ecological interest and for monitoring and supervising aquaculture activities.

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