scholarly journals An Analytical Model for Multihop LoRaWAN Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim ◽  
João Henrique Kleinschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Multihop Networks ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Low Energy Consumption

LoRaWAN is one of the most popular LPWAN technology due to the facility to implement applications that require a low cost, low energy consumption, low data rate, and large coverage area. A LoRaWAN network is composed of end-devices that transmit data to gateways, forming a single-hop star topology. Multihop networks are receiving the attention of the LoRaWAN community since it allows to extend the coverage area and improve the energy efficiency,<br>thus prolonging the network lifetime. In this paper, we propose an analytical model for multihop LoRaWAN networks.<br>We investigate the energy consumption, throughput, delay, and packet delivery ratio of single-hop and multihop relay<br>networks. The results showed that the network performance could be improved with relay nodes, giving insights to new<br>multihop proposals for LoRaWAN.

scholarly journals An Analytical Model for Multihop LoRaWAN Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim ◽  
João Henrique Kleinschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Multihop Networks ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Low Energy Consumption

LoRaWAN is one of the most popular LPWAN technology due to the facility to implement applications that require a low cost, low energy consumption, low data rate, and large coverage area. A LoRaWAN network is composed of end-devices that transmit data to gateways, forming a single-hop star topology. Multihop networks are receiving the attention of the LoRaWAN community since it allows to extend the coverage area and improve the energy efficiency,<br>thus prolonging the network lifetime. In this paper, we propose an analytical model for multihop LoRaWAN networks.<br>We investigate the energy consumption, throughput, delay, and packet delivery ratio of single-hop and multihop relay<br>networks. The results showed that the network performance could be improved with relay nodes, giving insights to new<br>multihop proposals for LoRaWAN.

scholarly journals Analisis Performansi Perubahan RAW Slot Pada Standar IEEE 802.11ah

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Oktaviana ◽  
Doan Perdana ◽  
Ridha Muldina Negara
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ieee 802.11 ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Ieee 802.11Ah ◽  
Ieee 802.11 Standard

The increasing needs and demands of diverse services by the users to be able to exchange and obtain information in real time, reliable, and flexible to be one of the problems faced by existing communication technology. WLAN on the IEEE 802.11 standard is one of the wireless technologies that can be the solution of the problem. It has a relatively small area of ??communication that is between 20-70 meters only, only able to serve up to 2007 stations, and has considerable energy consumption, causing some systems contained in the WLAN in IEEE 802.11 standard less work maximally. With these shortcomings, the WLAN on the IEEE 802.11 standard introduces a new task group called IEEE 802.11ah. IEEE 802.11ah is a new WLAN standard working on the 900 MHz frequency spectrum, a 1 kilometer communications coverage area, capable of serving 8192 stations with new AID hierarchies, has lower energy consumption and can increase throughput value by RAW mechanism. This study will make changes to the number of RAW slots in the IEEE 802.11ah to see how they affect the network performance. In this research it is found that the change of RAW slot number influence to network performance, in this case is throughput, average delay, packet delivery ratio and energy consumption.

scholarly journals Evaluación de las topologías físicas de redes WSN para la medición de variables ambientales

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
S. Saigua Carvajal ◽  
M. Villafuerte Haro ◽  
D. Ávila Pesantez ◽  
A. Arellano
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Environmental Sensors ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Para Determinar

En este trabajo se presenta un estudio comparativo entre las topologías físicas que apoyan WSN con el fin de determinar la más eficaz aplicado a una red inalámbrica de sensores ambientales. La investigación se realizó mediante el apoyo del Network Simulator 2 (NS-2), que permite crear un entorno similar al real y simulado su funcionamiento, para determinar la mejor topología de un método inductivo se aplicó para evaluar los datos de NS-2 que se basaron en las métricas de rendimiento, tales como: el envío de paquetes, el consumo de energía y la cobertura. Como resultado se obtuvo que la topología física estrella es la mejor manera de aplicar una red WSN para las mediciones ambientales, que tiene una relación de Entrega de paquetes del 97,9%, el rendimiento de 0,7542 Kbps, un retraso de 0,0162 ms, un consumo de energía bajo y una mayor área de cobertura del sensor. AbstractThis paper presents a comparative study between physical topologies that support WSN in order to determine the most efficient applied to a wireless network of environmental sensors. The research was performed by the support of Network Simulator 2 (NS-2), it allows to create an environment similar to real and simulated its operation, to determine the best topology an inductive method was applied to evaluate the data from NS-2 that were based on the performance metrics such as: sending packages, energy consumption and coverage. As a result it was obtained that the star physical topology is the best to implement a WSN network for environmental measurements, that has Packet Delivery Ratio of 97,9 %, Throughput of 0,7542 Kbps, a delay of 0,0162 ms, a low energy consumption and a greater sensor coverage area.

scholarly journals Construction of Black Box to Detect the Location of Road Mishap in Remote Area in the IoT Domain

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-146
Author(s):  
Joy Iong-Zong Chen ◽  
S Smys
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Accident Detection

In recent years, both developed and developing countries have witnessed an increase in the number of traffic accidents. Aside from a significant rise in the overall number of on-road commercial and non-commercial vehicles, advancements in transportation infrastructure and on-road technologies may result in road accidents, which generally result in high mortality. More than half of these fatalities are the result of delayed response by medical and rescue personnel. If an accident site receives quick medical treatment, an accident victim's chances of survival may improve considerably. Based on the IoT-based multiple-level vehicle environment, this study proposes a low-cost accident detection and alarm system. Vehicles are equipped with a "Black Box" board unit and an accident location identification module for the Global Positioning System (GPS), in addition to mechanical sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope) for accurate accident detection. This study has evaluated the proposed system with average packet delivery ratio (PDR) vs. relay nodes. Our simulation results have evaluated the evolution of relay nodes in the mobile / sensor node through internet gateway. It has also been demonstrated that the packet delivery ratio is inversely related to the incremental number of relay nodes.

Optimization Based Sink Deployment Technique in WSN to Improve Network Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-230
Author(s):  
Sonal Telang Chandel ◽  
Sanjay Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Multiple Sinks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deployment Cost

Background & Objective: Currently, WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) provides a variety of services in industrial and commercial applications. WSN consists of nodes that are used to sense the environments like humidity, temperature, pressure, sound, etc. As the use of WSN grows there are some issues like coverage, fault tolerance, a deployment problem, localization, Quality of Service, etc. which needs to be resolved. Sink deployment is a very important problem because it is not the only impact on performance, but also influence on deployment cost. In traditional WSN, a single sink is deployed in the network, which aggregates all the data. Due to this, the whole network is suffering from some serious issues like delay, congestion, network failure that reduces network performance. Methods: One solution is to deploy multiple sinks instead of a single sink. Deploying multiple sinks can improve network performance, but increases sink deployment cost. In this paper, an ISDOA (Improved Sink Deployment Optimization Algorithm) is proposed to find the optimum number of sinks and their optimum location in ROI. Simulation is carried out in Matlab simulator. The impact of sensors and sinks on various network performance parameters like throughput, network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, energy consumption and cost of the network is analyzed. Results & Conclusion: It is shown by simulation results that the number of sinks varies inversely with energy consumption of the nodes; and it is linearly proportional to the network lifetime, throughput and packet delivery ratio. Furthermore, results show that the proposed approach outperforms random deployment with 25% higher throughput, 30% better network lifetime, 15% lesser energy consumption and 21% optimized cost of the network, respectively.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Wireless Sensor Network with Low Cost and Low Energy Consumption for Fire Detection and Monitoring

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Silvani ◽  
Frédéric Morandini ◽  
Eric Innocenti ◽  
Sylvestre Peres
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Low Energy Consumption

scholarly journals Collecting Malware in Swiss German University with Low Energy and Cost Computer

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Mario Marcello
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Swiss German ◽  
Low Energy Consumption

The malware spreads massively in Indonesia. The security in Information Technology doesn’t seem to become a top priority for Indonesian. The use of pirated software is still high, although it is the biggest threat and entrance for the malwares to attacks. This paper shows how to collect a spreading malware in a system to know the malware trends that exist. So, the owner may know the malware trends inside his system and he can countermeasure the attacks. To collect the malwares, I use the Dionaea, the honeypot to collect malware and implement it to Raspberry Pi. Raspberry Pi is a small, low cost and low energy consumption computer. By using Raspberry Pi to collect malware, we can minimize budget, save the energy and space.

scholarly journals Enhancement of WiMAX networks using OPNET modeler platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
Noor Nateq Alfaisaly ◽  
Suhad Qasim Naeem ◽  
Azhar Hussein Neama
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Multipath Channel ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Wimax Networks ◽  
Better Than

Worldwide interoperability microwave access (WiMAX) is an 802.16 wireless standard that delivers high speed, provides a data rate of 100 Mbps and a coverage area of 50 km. Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) is flexible and offers low-cost telephony for clients over IP. However, there are still many challenges that must be addressed to provide a stable and good quality voice connection over the internet. The performance of various parameters such as multipath channel model and bandwidth over the Star trajectoryWiMAX network were evaluated under a scenario consisting of four cells. Each cell contains one mobile and one base station. Network performance metrics such as throughput and MOS were used to evaluate the best performance of VoIP codecs. Performance was analyzed via OPNET program14.5. The result use of multipath channel model (disable) was better than using the model (ITU pedestrian A). The value of the throughput at 15 dB was approximately 1600 packet/sec, and at -1 dB was its value 1300 packet/se. According to data, the Multipath channel model of the disable type the value of the MOS was better than the ITU Pedestrian A type.

A Weighted Routing Scheme for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Rajeev Tripathi ◽  
Sudarshan Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Path Discovery

The WSNs replace the medium of communication from wired to wireless in industrial environment. This offer several advantages that includes easy and fast installation, low-cost maintenance and energy saving. In industrial monitoring and control application, the sensory measures should be delivered to control center in predefined deadline time, so the necessary actions may timely initiated. The geographical routing as reactive routing protocol plays a massive role for real-time packet delivery. The proposed routing protocol follows path discovery on demand basis to reduce the path discovery overhead. Moreover, the routing protocol follows weighted forwarding node selection process. This selects the shorter path over speedy reliable links for smaller deadline time and distributes the traffic over energy efficient node for larger deadline time. Through simulation, the authors demonstrate, compared to existing routing protocol the proposed routing protocol improves the packet delivery ratio along with enhanced network life while maintaining the high energy efficiency and low delivery latency.

Technical Principle and Working Properties of Sludge Dredging by Airlift Water Jet

2013 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 585-588
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng Yang ◽  
Yong Kang ◽  
Xiao Chuan Wang ◽  
Deng Li ◽  
Zhen Fang Liao
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Bubble Volume ◽  
Low Energy Consumption

The sludge in rivers, dams and municipal facilities have caused increasing attentions. The airlift water jet can make density difference between sludge and the environment, and make the sludge float automatically. A kind of airlift water jet dredging system is designed and its work properties are analyzed. Mechanical structure analysis shows that the airlift water jet dredging device is low energy consumption and easy of maintenance with low cost. Numerical Simulation shows that the bubble volume ratio will affect the flow performance: the bigger bubble volume ratio will generate higher transport capacity.

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