scholarly journals Review of social media intervention in adult population during COVID-19 pandemic based on Protection Motivation Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 843
Author(s):  
Muhammad Prima Cakra Randana ◽  
Rizma Adlia Syakurah
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Media Intervention ◽  
The Impact

During COVID-19 pandemic, social media has become a basis for information deployment, it has the potential to change people opinion and solve many issues in this situation. Based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), threat and coping appraisal were predictors to behavioral responses in pandemics. This study aimed to analyze the impact of social media intervention in adult population during COVID-19 pandemic based on PMT. This review was created using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and data collection from electronic databases such as Pubmed, Mendeley app, Europe PMC, Cochrane Databases, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library. Inclusion criteria consists of English studies, studies related to the topic and match with required variables. There are five cross-sectional studies involving a total of 2.448 participants that were published in 2020. Among all categories based on included studied, it was shown that cyberchondria, perceived severity and perceived vulnerability are predictors in social media, related to behavioral responses during COVID-19 pandemic. Reducing information overload, related to cyberchondria, via the clear structuring and communication of reliable health information is needed. Hence, educating people on responsible and healthy social media use could help alleviate the observed negative consequences from perceived severity and vulnerability.

scholarly journals The protection motivation theory for predict intention of COVID-19 vaccination in Iran: a structural equation modeling approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam ◽  
Maryam Seraji ◽  
Zahra Sharafi ◽  
Mahdi Mohammadi ◽  
Hassan Okati-Aliabad
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Response Efficacy

Abstract Background Many efforts are being made around the world to discover the vaccine against COVID-19. After discovering the vaccine, its acceptance by individuals is a fundamental issue for disease control. This study aimed to examine COVID-19 vaccination intention determinants based on the protection motivation theory (PMT). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Iranian adult population and surveyed 256 study participants from the first to the 30th of June 2020 with a web-based self-administered questionnaire. We used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to investigate the interrelationship between COVID-19 vaccination intention and perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived self-efficacy, and perceived response efficacy. Results SEM showed that perceived severity to COVID-19 (β = .17, p < .001), perceived self-efficacy about receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (β = .26, p < .001), and the perceived response efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine (β = .70, p < .001) were significant predictors of vaccination intention. PMT accounted for 61.5% of the variance in intention to COVID-19 vaccination, and perceived response efficacy was the strongest predictor of COVID-19 vaccination intention. Conclusions This study found the PMT constructs are useful in predicting COVID-19 vaccination intention. Programs designed to increase the vaccination rate after discovering the COVID-19 vaccine can include interventions on the severity of the COVID-19, the self-efficacy of individuals receiving the vaccine, and the effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing infection.

scholarly journals The Protection motivation theory for predict intention of COVID-19 vaccination in Iran: A structural equation modeling approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam ◽  
Maryam Seraji ◽  
Zahra Sharafi ◽  
Mahdi Mohammadi ◽  
Hassan Okati-Aliabad
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Response Efficacy

Abstract BackgroundMany efforts are being made around the world to discover the vaccine against COVID-19. After discovering the vaccine, its acceptance by individuals is a fundamental issue for disease control. This study aimed to examine COVID-19 vaccination intention determinants based on the protection motivation theory (PMT). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Iranian adult population and surveyed study participants from the first to the 30th of June 2020 with a web-based self-administered questionnaire. We used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to investigate the interrelationship between COVID-19 vaccination intention and perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived self-efficacy, and perceived response efficacy. Results SEM showed that perceived severity to COVID-19 (β=.17, p < .001), perceived self-efficacy about receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (β=.26, p < .001), and the perceived response efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine (β=.70, p < .001) were significant predictors of vaccination intention. PMT accounted for 61.5% of the variance in intention to COVID-19 vaccination, and response efficacy was the strongest predictor of COVID-19 vaccination intention. ConclusionsThis study found the PMT constructs are useful in predicting COVID-19 vaccination intention. Programs designed to increase the vaccination rate after discovering the COVID-19 vaccine can include interventions on the severity of the COVID-19, the self-efficacy of individuals receiving the vaccine, and the effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing infection.

scholarly journals Determinants of Intention to Participate in Breast Cancer Screening among Urban Chinese Women: An Application of the Protection Motivation Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11093
Author(s):  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Wenshuang Wei ◽  
Qinmei Li ◽  
Xinguang Chen ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Intention To Participate ◽  
Screening Intention ◽  
Fit Index

Despite the significance of early detection of breast cancer through screening, the screening uptake in China remains relatively low. Protection motivation theory (PMT) suggested by Rogers is one of the theories concerning threat appeal. This study aimed to apply the protection motivation theory (PMT) in predicting breast cancer screening intention. In this cross-sectional study, a sample of Chinese urban women was recruited using the convenient sampling method from five communities in Wuhan. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire that included demographic variables, knowledge about breast cancer, six PMT subconstructs, and screening intention. We used the structural equation modeling (SEM) to identify the predictor factors associated with screening intention. Of the total sample (n = 412), 86.65% had intention to participate in screening. Our data fit the hypothesized SEM model well (Goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.91, adjusted GFI (AGFI) = 0.89, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.91, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.05, standardized root mean residual (SRMR) = 0.06, and Chi-square/df = 2.01). Three PMT subconstructs (perceived severity, response cost, and self-efficacy) were significantly associated with screening intention. Knowledge, social status, and medical history had significantly indirect associations with screening intention through the mediating effect of PMT subconstructs. Considering the utility of PMT, intervention programs might be more effective based on the subconstructs of PMT, especially to improve self-efficacy, perceived severity, and knowledge, reduce response cost, as well as targeting specific demographic groups.

scholarly journals The Effect of Countermeasure Readability on Security Intentions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-704
Author(s):  
Tim Smit ◽  
Max van Haastrecht ◽  
Marco Spruit
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Human Failure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Countermeasures Research

Human failure is a primary contributor to successful cyber attacks. For any cybersecurity initiative, it is therefore vital to motivate individuals to implement secure behavior. Research using protection motivation theory (PMT) has given insights into what motivates people to safeguard themselves in cyberspace. Recent PMT results have highlighted the central role of the coping appraisal in the cybersecurity context. In cybersecurity, we cope with threats using countermeasures. Research has shown that countermeasure awareness is a significant antecedent to all coping appraisal elements. Yet, although awareness plays a key role within the PMT framework, it is generally challenging to influence. A factor that is easy to influence is countermeasure readability. Earlier work has shown the impact of readability on understanding and that readability metrics make measuring and improving readability simple. Therefore, our research aims to clarify the relationship between countermeasure readability and security intentions. We propose an extended theoretical framework and investigate its implications using a survey. In line with related studies, results indicate that people are more likely to have favorable security intentions if they are aware of countermeasures and are confident in their ability to implement them. Crucially, the data show that countermeasure readability influences security intentions. Our results imply that cybersecurity professionals can utilize readability metrics to assess and improve the readability of countermeasure texts, providing an actionable avenue towards influencing security intentions.

Modeling the Impact of Biometric Security on Millennials’ Protection Motivation

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-49
Author(s):  
Benjamin Ngugi ◽  
Arnold Kamis
Keyword(s):  
User Authentication ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
System Response ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Biometric Security ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
System Access ◽  
The Impact

Security researchers and managers would like to know the best ways of introducing new innovations and motivating their use. This study applies Protection Motivation Theory to model the coping and threat appraisals that motivate Millennials, who are early technology adopters, to adopt or resist biometric security for system access. One hundred fifty-nine Millennials were given a hypothetical scenario in which system access would be enhanced by biometric security to strengthen user authentication. The authors model the results with PLS and find that Protection Motivation Theory provides a good explanation of the user’s perceptions of biometric security. The model suggests that the users’ protection motivation is influenced directly by the Perceived System Response Efficacy of the biometric system and indirectly by Perceived Effort Expectancy, Perceived Computer Self-Efficacy, Perceived Privacy Invasion and Perceived System Vulnerability. Implications and limitations of the model are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparisons of Motivation to Receive COVID-19 Vaccination and Related Factors between Frontline Physicians and Nurses and the Public in Taiwan: Applying the Extended Protection Motivation Theory

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 528
Author(s):  
Yen-Ju Lin ◽  
Cheng-Fang Yen ◽  
Yu-Ping Chang ◽  
Peng-Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Response Cost ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Response Efficacy ◽  
Frontline Health Workers ◽  
To Receive

This study aimed to compare the differences in motivation to receive a COVID-19 vaccination between frontline physicians and nurses and the Taiwanese public. The associations of threat and coping appraisals, as described in Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), with motivation to receive COVID-19 vaccination were compared between these groups, too. We recruited 279 frontline physicians and nurses and 768 members of the public by a Facebook advertisement. Participants’ motivation to receive COVID-19 vaccination, perceived severity of and vulnerability to COVID-19, self-efficacy and response efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination, response cost of COVID-19 vaccination, and knowledge about the mechanism of COVID-19 vaccination in light of PMT were determined. The results demonstrated that frontline health workers had higher motivation to receive COVID-19 vaccination than the public. Response efficacy and knowledge of COVID-19 vaccination were positively associated with motivation to receive COVID-19 vaccination in both frontline health workers and the public, whereas perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, and response cost of COVID-19 vaccination were positively associated with motivation in the public but not in frontline physicians and nurses. The factors related to motivation to receive COVID-19 vaccination should be considered when designing programs to increase motivation to receive COVID-19 vaccination among frontline health workers and the public.

scholarly journals Increasing Intention to Reduce Fossil Fuel Consumption: A Protection Motivation Theory Based Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Jane Kothe ◽  
Mathew Ling ◽  
Barbara Mullan ◽  
Anna Klas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
The Impact

Reducing individual fossil fuel use is an important component of climate change mitigation, but motivating behaviour change to achieve this is difficult. This experimental study tests the impact of Protection Motivation Theory based messages on intention to reduce fossil fuel use in 3803 US adults recruited via Amazon MTurk (mean age = 36.11 years; 51.4% female). Only messages targeting self-efficacy and response efficacy increased intention to reduce fossil fuel use relative to the control group. However, only the self-efficacy message had an impact on its corresponding construct, highlighting the importance of manipulation checks in model testing. Given the urgency of responding to climate change, the potential for additive benefits of effective messages should be considered irrespective of their underlying psychological mechanism. Study preregistration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/2G6BQ. Data related to this manuscript: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/2TRBK.

Modeling Individual Defiance of COVID-19 Pandemic Mitigation Strategies: Insights From the Expanded Model of Deterrence and Protection Motivation Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110103
Author(s):  
George W. Burruss ◽  
Chae M. Jaynes ◽  
Richard K. Moule ◽  
Rachel E. Fairchild
Keyword(s):  
National Sample ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The governmental responses to the COVID-19 pandemic include concerns for both public health and formal social control. Government leaders asked the public to help mitigate the spread of the virus by adopting various protective behaviors. Our purpose was to evaluate and explain defiance of COVID-19 mitigation strategies, drawing from the expanded model of deterrence and protection motivation theory. A national sample of 600 American adults were surveyed about perceptions of, and behaviors during, the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic, including defiance of COVID-19 mitigation strategies. Perceived severity of the disease, certainty about dying from it, and how much control one has over getting it each predicted fear of COVID-19. Defiance of COVID-19 mitigation guidelines appear to be a combination of rational choice considerations and emotions. Government and health officials should consider how the public evaluates messages about taking protective actions to maximize compliance.

scholarly journals Motivation to Have COVID-19 Vaccination Explained Using an Extended Protection Motivation Theory among University Students in China: The Role of Information Sources

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Peng-Wei Wang ◽  
Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu ◽  
Chung-Ying Lin ◽  
I-Hua Chen ◽  
Cheng-Fang Yen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Response Efficacy ◽  
And Coping

Background: The aims of the present study were to examine the prediction of the threat and coping appraisal utilizing an extended protection motivation theory (PMT) for the motivation to have COVID-19 vaccination and the influence of various information sources on coping appraisal among university students in China. Methods: The sample comprised 3145 students from 43 universities in China who completed an online survey including PMT constructs as well as constructs added to PMT. The PMT constructs comprised motivation to have COVID-19 vaccination, threat appraisal, and coping appraisal. The extended PMT constructs comprised knowledge about mechanisms and information sources of COVID-19 vaccination. Results: Perceived severity of COVID-19 was positively associated with motivation to have COVID-19 vaccination. Receiving information concerning COVID-19 vaccination from medical personnel was associated with greater self-efficacy, response efficacy, and knowledge, whereas receiving information concerning COVID-19 vaccination from coworkers/colleagues was associated with less response efficacy and knowledge. Receiving online information concerning COVID-19 vaccination was associated with greater response cost of vaccination efficacy and less knowledge. Conclusions: This study supported the prediction of perceived severity in the PMT for motivation to have COVID-19 vaccination among university students in China. Vaccination information sources have different effects on students’ coping appraisal of COVID-19 vaccination.

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