scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GUINEA PIGS BRONCHUS ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE IN THE DYNAMICS OF EXPERIMENTAL OVALBUMIN-INDUCED ALLERGIC INFLAMMATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
S. S. Popko
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

The actual problem of modern medicine is the reaction of Bronchus associated lymphoid tissue in airways chronic allergic diseases, because the full functioning of the respiratory system depends on the state of its local immune system. The aim – to study morphological changes in Bronchus associated lymphoid tissue of guinea pigs in the dynamics of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation. Material and Methods. We have studied the lung of 48 guinea pigs, using histological and morphometric methods, under conditions of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation. To assess the structural and functional rearrangement of pulmonary lymphoid nodules, their diameter and number were determined. Results. We have shown that sensitization and allergization with ovalbumin leads to a significant structural and functional rearrangement of Bronchus associated lymphoid tissue of guinea pigs in the form of the elevation in their number and diameter. We found more pronounced morphological changes in the late period of development of allergic inflammation in peribronchial lymphoid nodules, confirmed by the maximum magnification factor – 2.6 (p*/**<0.001) of the diameter of peribronchial lymphoid nodules in the 4th experimental group compared to the control. Conclusions. Sensitization and inhalation with ovalbumin leads to structural reorganization of Bronchus associated lymphoid tissue of guinea pigs in the form of the elevation in their number and diameter, had the unidirectional staged character depending on localization of lymphoid nodules and the duration of the experiment and claimed proliferative changes in the cellular adaptive link of local lung immunity of guinea pigs in late period of allergic inflammatory process.

scholarly journals Morphfological changes in the membranes of the trachea of guinea pigs in experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation of the airways.

Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
M.V. Aksamytieva ◽  
S.S. Popko ◽  
V.M. Evtushenko
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Tracheal Mucosa ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Chicken Egg

Background. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of allergic diseases of the respiratory organs, especially in children. The predictor of the further development of bronchial asthma is sensitizing at an early age to the allergens of chicken egg. The use of new knowledge about the allergenic components of the chicken egg will predict the risks and clinical features of the disease. Despite the importance, the problem of morphogenesis of allergic inflammation of the wall of the trachea is not sufficiently studied, so far many issues are not found in morphology and require further research. Objective.The aim of the study is to establish morphological changes in the tracheal membranes in experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation of the airways of guinea pigs. Methods. The thickness of tracheal wall of 48 male guinea pigs was investigated by histological, morphometric, statistical methods on the twenty-third, thirty-sixth, thirty-sixth and forty-fourth days after the initiation of the experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation of the airways. Results. We have found, that maximum statistically significant thickening is shown in the late period of tracheal mucosa in 2 times on the 44th day of observation and tracheal submucosa in the 3rd experimental group on the 36th day of observation (increasing coefficient 2) compared to the control. However, the thinning of tracheal submucosa is observed in the early period of the inflammatory process on the 23rd and 30th day of observation. It has been proved, that the allergic inflammation of the tissues of the trachea caused by the sensitization and allergization of ovalbumin leads to the change in the thickness of layers of trachea in the chronobiological aspect. Conclusion. On the 23rd and 30th days of the experiment, thinning of tracheal mucosais observed due to damage of epithelial cells. Thickening of tracheal mucosa and submucosa was found in the third and fourth groups of observation (late period of allergic inflammation) compared with animals of the intact group and the control group due to an increase in the area of loose connective tissue, which is a consequence of the continuation of the allergic inflammatory process in the trachea after the end of the experiment.

scholarly journals Morphometric characteristics of distal airways of guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
S.S. Popko ◽  
V.M. Evtushenko
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Muscular Layer ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Adventitial Layer

The reaction of the structural components of small bronchi and terminal bronchioles is the urgent issue of morphology and medicine in general, as well as one of the insufficiently studied issue in the study of morphological changes in the airways with allergic inflammation in the chronobiological aspect. The purpose of this work is to study the morphometric parameters of distal airways of guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin. We have studied the lung of 48 guinea pigs, using histological, morphometric and statistical methods under conditions of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, simulated by three times subcutaneous sensitization and subsequent 8-day intranasal inhalation of ovalbumin. The thickness of mucosa, muscular layer and adventitial layer was determined to assess morphometric parameters of bronchioles and terminal bronchioles. There are reactive changes in morphometric parameters of bronchioles on the 23rd and 30th days of observation, such as the thinning of mucosa and on the 36th day such as muscular-fibrous hyperplasia, accompanied by the narrowing of the bronchioles lumen. There are the most significant confirmed statistically changes in the terminal bronchioles on the 36th day of the experiment such as the thickening of mucosa and adventitial layer, accompanied by muscular hyperplasia and edema of the connective tissue stroma. Thus, sensitization and allergization with ovalbumin of experimental animals cause morpho-functional changes in the structural elements of the wall of bronchioles and terminal bronchioles, which have a staged, mainly multidirectional character and correspond to the main morphological manifestations of allergic inflammation with maximal changes in the late period of its development (the 36th day of the experiment).

scholarly journals Morphological features of histogenic differon cells in connective tissue of guinea pigs’ lungs after sensitization with ovalbumin

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
S. S. Popko ◽  
V. M. Yevtushenko
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Experimental Sensitization ◽  
Pulmonary Connective Tissue

An urgent issue of modern morphology is establishing a number of patterns of morphological changes and reactivity of connective tissue components of lungs in case of experimental sensitization with allergens. The aim is to estimate morphological features of histogenic differon cells in connective tissue of guinea pigs’ lungs after sensitization with ovalbumin. Materials and methods. Using morphometric and histological method, we have estimated the lung connective tissue of 48 male guinea pigs with experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, simulated by subcutaneous sensitization and aeroallergization with ovalbumin. The number of fibrocytes, fibroblasts per 5000 μm2 and their ratio – fibroblast/fibrocyte coefficient were determined. Results. We have established the regularity of morphological changes dynamics in the cellular elements of pulmonary connective tissue. Experimental sensitization and inhalated allergization with ovalbumin leads to a statistically significant increase in the average number of fibroblasts and fibrocytes throughout the observation period in all experimental groups. It has been proved that the dynamics of cells has a multidirectional character, demonstrated by indicators of the fibroblast/fibrocyte coefficient, which shows the disproportion in the fibroblast/fibrocyte ratio and proves the tendency to the development of fibrosis in guinea pigs’ pulmonary connective tissue in case of experimental sensitization with ovalbumin. Conclusions. A gradual increase in the number of fibrocytes, against the background of a decrease in the number of fibroblasts is observed from the 23rd day to the completion of experimental sensitization with ovalbumin in the lungs of guinea pigs, compared with control group. A decrease of fibroblast/fibrocyte coefficient from 1.37 ± 0.03 in the early period to 0.82 ± 0.03 in the late period of the allergic inflammation demonstrates multidirectional nature of the dynamics in the number of connective tissue cells and indicates a tendency towards the development of fibrosis in pulmonary connective tissue.

scholarly journals Dynamics of quantitative changes of diffuse lymphoid tissue cells of bronchi and lungs of guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin

Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
S.S. Popko ◽  
V.M. Yevtushenko
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Experimental Group

Background. There is a progressive increase of respiratory allergic diseases nowadays in the world, made it necessary to study the participation of the components of the immune system in these processes. From the point of view of modern aspects about the organs of the immune system, interesting are the patterns of morphogenesis and function of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue, occupied a special place in the immunological protection of the body due to the large area of contact with various antigens. Morphogenesis and reactive changes in the local immunity in respiratory system in conditions of allergic inflammation remain urgent issue of modern morphology. Objective. To study the changes in diffuse lymphoid tissue of bronchi and lungs of guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin. Methods. We have studied the lung of 48 guinea pigs, using histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, statistical methods, under conditions of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, assessed the average number of lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells in the diffuse lymphoid tissue. Results. The average number of lymphocytes in diffuse lymphoid tissue of bronchi and lungs increased from the 23rd day of observation and remained at a high level until the end of the experiment, the maximum was during the early period of the development of allergic inflammation, the increasing coefficient was 4.7. The average number of plasma cells also acquired maximum elevation in the early period of allergic process, the increasing coefficient was 2.0. The most significant average number of macrophages was on the 23rd day of observation with same increasing coefficient. Among all types of immunocompetent cells of diffuse lymphoid tissue in bronchi and lungs, T-lymphocytes prevailed during the experiment elevated almost by 5 times. Conclusions. In the early period of development of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, the specific resistance of the respiratory system manifests itself in the form of activation of local links of cellular and humoral adaptive immunity, as evidenced by the dynamics of changes in the average number of lymphocytes (the maximum increasing coefficient 4.7 in the 1st experimental group), macrophages and plasma cells (maximum increasing coefficient 2.0 in the 1st experimental group) of diffuse lymphoid tissue of bronchi and lungs of guinea pigs.

scholarly journals Morphological rearrangement of the metabolic link of the microcirculatory bed of guinea pigs lungs after sensitization with ovalbumin

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
S. S. Popko
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Microcirculatory Bed ◽  
Functional Reorganization ◽  
Connective Tissue Component ◽  
Adaptive Processes

The reaction of the lung microvessels is an urgent issue of morphology and medicine in general, as well as one of the insufficiently investigated points in the study of morphological changes in chronic allergic diseases of the respiratory system. The aim is to study the morphological changes in the vessels of the metabolic link of the microcirculation in the lungs of guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin. Materials and methods. We have studied the lungs of 48 guinea pigs, using histological and morphometric methods, under conditions of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, simulated by three-time subcutaneous sensitization and subsequent 8-day intranasal inhalation of ovalbumin. To estimate the structural and functional state of capillaries, the inner diameter of the vessels was determined. Results. A general regularity in the reactivity of the hemomicrocirculatory bed of guinea pig lungs in experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation was established, which consists in a significant structural and functional restructuring of the exchange vessels of the microcirculatory bed. Dysfunction of the capillaries endothelium is manifested by a change of vasodilatation to vasospasm, as evidenced by morphometric changes in the diameter of the capillaries lumen in the experimental groups, and an increase in the permeability of the capillaries wall, which is confirmed by edema and disorganization of the connective tissue component. Conclusions. Allergic inflammation leads to structural and functional reorganization of the metabolic link of the hemomicrocirculatory bed of guinea pig lungs, which has a multidirectional staging character depending on the duration of the experiment and is a manifestation of a violation of the compensatory-adaptive processes of hemomicrocirculation. The most pronounced changes in the form of a decrease in the diameter of the lumen of the blood capillaries of the lungs of guinea pigs by 23 % compared to the control are observed during the late period of the development of the allergic inflammatory process.

Characteristics of the course of nephritis associated with Iga-vasculitis Henoch-Schoenlein in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
A. V. Sukalo ◽  
I. A. Kazyra
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pediatric Nephrology ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Iga Vasculitis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Treatment Regimens

INTRODUCTION. Among systemic vasopathies in children, IgA vasculitis Henoch Schoenlein (HS) is the most common, according to various authors, kidney damage is noted in 25-80 % and usually determines the prognosis of the disease.THE AIM of the study was to analyze clinical, laboratory, immunological, morphological characteristics, features of the course and treatment of nephritis associated with IgA vasculitis HS in children, as well as factors affecting the prognosis.PATIENTS AND METHODS. The study included 31 patients with morphologically verified nephritis due to IgA vasculitis HS (18 – boys, 13 – girls) aged 3 to 17 years, who were monitored at the Nephrology Department of the "2nd Children's City Clinical Hospital" of the National Center for Pediatric Nephrology and Renal Replacement therapy in Minsk from 2010 to 2019 yrs.The following parameters were analyzed: the clinical variant of kidney damage, laboratory tests (including the study of BAFF, RANTES lymphocyte activation molecules, pro-inflammatory IL1β, caspase1, TNFα, growth factors VEGF, TGF), 24 hours monitoring and office blood pressure measurements, ECHO cardiography with indicescalculation, ultrasound of the carotid arteries with the thickness of intima-media complex, morphological changes in the renal tissue, as well as treatment regimens.RESULTS. The contribution of deGal-IgA1, markers of T and B lymphocytes activation, pro-inflammatory and profibrotic molecules in the development of the disease is shown. Arterial hypertension was registered in 42 % of children, signs of heart remodeling according to the calculated indices in 19,3 %. Decrease level of adiponectin, vitamin D, leptin, increase concentration of obestatin, Pro-BNP, hs-CRP, and TSAT indicator classify patients with nephritis due to IgA vasculitis HS at moderate risk for the developmentof cardio-vascular disorders, which suggests the need for timely correction.CONCLUSION. In most cases, nephritis with IgA vasculitis HS has a benign course with rare relapses and progression to the end stage of chronic kidney disease (6,5 %).

scholarly journals Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease with Mitral Valve Prolapse and Mitral Annular Disjunction: Clinical and Functional Significance of the Coincidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Nina C. Wunderlich ◽  
Siew Yen Ho ◽  
Nir Flint ◽  
Robert J. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mitral Annulus ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Basal Portion

The morphological changes that occur in myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) involve various components, ultimately leading to the impairment of mitral valve (MV) function. In this context, intrinsic mitral annular abnormalities are increasingly recognized, such as a mitral annular disjunction (MAD), a specific anatomical abnormality whereby there is a distinct separation between the mitral annulus and the left atrial wall and the basal portion of the posterolateral left ventricular myocardium. In recent years, several studies have suggested that MAD contributes to myxomatous degeneration of the mitral leaflets, and there is growing evidence that MAD is associated with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In this review, the morphological characteristics of MAD and imaging tools for diagnosis will be described, and the clinical and functional aspects of the coincidence of MAD and myxomatous MVP will be discussed.

Histochemical Studies on Post Natal Development of Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) of Intestine of Pati Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) of Assam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Deka ◽  
M. Talukdar ◽  
D.J. Talukdar
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Strong Reaction ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Background: The Pati duck constitutes a major indigenous duck variety in the state of Assam. The study of the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of Pati duck of Assam is of great value in regard to normal academic and bio-medical research aspects. It is also pre-requisite for correct diagnosis and evaluating the treatment of certain diseases like duck virus enteritis, duck cholera, aflatoxicosis, botulism etc, caused by different types of pathogens, food poisoning and food allergy. Methods: The study was conducted on Pati duck of Assam in where 45 numbers of ducks were selected by irrespective of sex at different stages of development. The birds were divided into five groups depending on its age viz., 1st week, 4th week, 16th week, 24th week and 42nd weeks old. The pieces of gut having lymphoid tissue or Peyer’s patches were collected immediately after slaughter. Samples were made cryosections (-20oC) at 10µm in thickness and were temporally stored at (-22oC). The histochemical staining was done after that. Result: The acid phosphatase activity was weak in the lymphoid follicles of 1st and 4th week of age of Pati duck, while its activity was moderate in 16th, 24th and 42th week of age.The alkaline phosphatase activity was moderate reaction in the lymphoid follicles of 1st and 4th week of age of Pati duck, while its activity was intense in 16th, 24th and 42th week of age of duck. The lymphoid follicles of both Peyer’s patches and solitary lymphoid nodules were showed moderate activity for adenosine tri-phosphatase activity in 1st and 4th week old Pati duck and strong activity in 16th, 24th and 42th week of age of Pati duck, respectively. The lymphoid nodules of intestine showed strong reaction for non-specific esterase activity in all the age groups of Pati duck.

REACTION OF CD68-POSITIVE RAT LIVER AND SPLEEN CELLS ON SILICON INTAKE WITH DRINKING WATER

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Evgeniia A. Grigoreva ◽  
Valentina S. Gordova ◽  
Valentina E. Sergeeva ◽  
Alina T. Smorodchenko
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Silicon Compound ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

The article presents data on the long-term effect (nine months) of a silicon compound supplied with drinking water – nonahydrate sodium metasilicate (10 mg/l in terms of silicon), on CD68-positive macrophages in the liver and spleen of laboratory rats. Changes in the morphological characteristics of this cell population were found. There was a decrease in the average cell area (in the liver of the control group of rats, the average macrophage area was 179.23±5.94 microns2, and in the group receiving silicon with drinking water – 117.04±3.35 microns2; in the spleen-136.02±3.93 microns2 and 103.44±2.8 microns2, respectively). Macrophages in the liver preparations of the experimental group of rats had a fewer processes and a darker cytoplasmic membrane. The number of macrophages in the liver per unit area was comparable, for the control group of rats it was 18.78±1.24, and for the rats that received with water with the addition of silicon – 19.41±0.75 cells. CD68+ macrophages of the red splenic pulp in laboratory rats that received silicon also underwent the following morphological changes: they were located in a denser way and had fewer processes, while the number of macrophages per unit area was 73.7±2.3 for the control group, 91.6±5.0-for the experimental group, respectively. The distance between them did not change. There was a change in the intensity of CD68 expression on the surface of the cytoplasmic membrane and in the cytoplasm of liver and spleen macrophages. These changes can be interpreted as the adaptive ability of liver and spleen macrophages to silicon introduced with drinking water. Given the heterogeneity of the macrophage population in the liver and spleen, further studies using markers for different subpopulations of macrophages are needed to clarify their role in the response of tissues to silicon supplied with drinking water.

Functional zones of Peyer’s patch (PPs) in rabbits’ caecum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
M. O. Nikitina ◽  
M. V. Kravtsova ◽  
A. A. Bohomaz
Keyword(s):  
Germinal Center ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Vermiform Appendix ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Mantle Zone ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

A feature of rabbit gut-associated lymphoid tissue is that its structure is more developed than in other animal species. In rabbits it is composed of sacculus rotundus, vermiform appendix and Peyer’s patches. These immune formations contain an organized component of lymphoid tissue – lymphoid nodules (B-cell zone) and interfollicular region (T-cell). Secondary lymphoid nodules with germinal centers presented in them are formed due to antigen stimulation. The caecum of Hyplus rabbits at the age of 30 -, 60 - and 90-days was investigated. Each age group consisted of 5 rabbits. Experimental rabbits are clinically healthy, unvaccinated and untreated against ecto- and endoparasites. Peyer’s patches of the caecum were selected for the study and fixed in 10% of formalin. Subsequently, the specimens stained with hematoxylin-eosin were prepared from the obtained samples. On the 30th day of life, Peyer’s patches in the cecum were detected by gross examination. On the histological level, they had formed interfollicular region and lymphoid nodules. In turn, lymphoid nodules were divided into primary and secondary ones. A well-defined mantle zone and germinal centers were observed in the secondary lymphoid nodules. The regularities of their area indicators increase (mean value, median and interquartile range (IQR)) and their correlation were studied. The most intensive growth of the mantle area and the germinal center was observed from the 30th to the 60th day. The relative area of the mantle zone and the germinal center as part of the secondary lymphoid nodule was determined. Its value did not change during the experimental period.

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