scholarly journals TERMINOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BASIC DEFINITIONS OF STUDYING VOCATIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE JUNIOR SPECIALISTS IN NURSING IN COLLEGES

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
М. R. Demianchuk
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
World Health ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
Specialized Institutions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

The article argues that nowadays a well-established conceptual and terminological apparatus, whose origins have deep historical roots, in modern vocational training of future specialists in nursing of different qualification levels, is used. On the basis of theoretical analysis of scientific literary sources and conceptual and terminological synthesis has been established that definition of “nurse” comes from Latin “nutricius”,which means caring for those who suffer. On the basis of comparative analysis the comparative-historical way of becoming nurse profession has been reflected.The basis is a five-stage periodization of the formation and development of nursing (by M. Shehedyn). It has been concretized that in the prehistoric period, which lasted from ancient times to the V century AD, work that reflected some of the functions of modern nurse was regarded as a spontaneous care, not as a profession; the period of the Middle Ages was marked by the functioning of specialized institutions for the care of sick people; during the Classical period the nursing and Sisters of Charity were born; the Neoclassical period was marked by the development of scientific concepts for the organization of the system of training nurses; in the Modern period the degree nursing education was introduced. In different historical periods, to indicate the functional characteristics of persons who determine the modern professional activity of nurse, the following terms were used: “deaconess”, “caregiver”, “Sister of Mercy”, “Daughter of Charity”, “nurse”. The recognition of nursing staff by the World Health Organization in 1983 as independent and equal in the health care system, as well as the official definition of “nursing”, which was considered as an activity aimed at addressing individual and public health problems in a changing environmental conditions, became an extremely important event in development of the world nursing.

Health for All and Primary Health Care, 1978–2018: A Historical Perspective on Policies and Programs Over 40 Years

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. Rifkin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Good Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of Health ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

In 1978, at an international conference in Kazakhstan, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund put forward a policy proposal entitled “Primary Health Care” (PHC). Adopted by all the World Health Organization member states, the proposal catalyzed ideas and experiences by which governments and people began to change their views about how good health was obtained and sustained. The Declaration of Alma-Ata (as it is known, after the city in which the conference was held) committed member states to take action to achieve the WHO definition of health as “state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Arguing that good health was not merely the result of biomedical advances, health-services provision, and professional care, the declaration stated that health was a human right, that the inequality of health status among the world’s populations was unacceptable, and that people had a right and duty to become involved in the planning and implementation of their own healthcare. It proposed that this policy be supported through collaboration with other government sectors to ensure that health was recognized as a key to development planning. Under the banner call “Health for All by the Year 2000,” WHO and the United Nations Children’s Fund set out to turn their vision for improving health into practice. They confronted a number of critical challenges. These included defining PHC and translating PHC into practice, developing frameworks to translate equity into action, experiencing both the potential and the limitations of community participation in helping to achieve the WHO definition of health, and seeking the necessary financing to support the transformation of health systems. These challenges were taken up by global, national, and nongovernmental organization programs in efforts to balance the PHC vision with the realities of health-service delivery. The implementation of these programs had varying degrees of success and failure. In the future, PHC will need to address to critical concerns, the first of which is how to address the pressing health issues of the early 21st century, including climate change, control of noncommunicable diseases, global health emergencies, and the cost and effectiveness of humanitarian aid in the light of increasing violent disturbances and issues around global governance. The second is how PHC will influence policies emerging from the increasing understanding that health interventions should be implemented in the context of complexity rather than as linear, predictable solutions.

Kısa Cinsel Refah Ölçeğinin Türkçe Sürümü [Turkish Version of the Short Sexual Well-Being Scale]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Gerymski ◽  
Ezgi Nur Güvem
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Psychometric Validation ◽  
Turkish Version ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

Sexual well-being is often mistakenly operationalized simply as sexual satisfaction. The concept of sexual well-being has been often used as an umbrella term for positive aspects of sexuality, apart from its negative spheres. A new concept of sexual well-being was proposed in line with the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of sexual health. The definition tried to enrich the concept of sexual well-being, but it did not solve the problem of its operationalization. Two separate studies were conducted for the psychometric validation of the Short Sexual Well-Being Scale. Short Sexual Well-Being Scales shows good psychometric properties in its original version. These properties are yet unknown for the its Turkish translation.

Reflection on the definition of impairment and disability as defined by the World Health Organization

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Brandsma ◽  
K. Lakerveld-Heyl ◽  
C. D. Van Ravensberg ◽  
Y. F. Heerkens
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

scholarly journals Seminiferous Tubules and Spermatogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amor Houda ◽  
Shelko Nyaz ◽  
Bakry Mohamed Sobhy ◽  
Almandouh Hussein Bosilah ◽  
Micu Romeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminiferous Tubule ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
World Health ◽  
Genetic Abnormalities ◽  
The World ◽  
American Society ◽  
One Year ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

One of the major concerns of the world health community is the infertility. The definition of infertility according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) is the inability of a healthy couple to achieve a conception after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse. Fertility complications affect seven percent of the male. The causes of infertility were divided to non-obstructive and obstructive. But, in almost 75% of male infertility cases are idiopathic with predominance of the genetic abnormalities. Numerical or structural chromosomal abnormalities are considered as genetic abnormalities that occur during the meiotic division in spermatogenesis. These abnormalities get transferred to the Offspring, which affects the normal and even the artificial conception. In the human reproduction, sperm cells are considered as a delivery vehicle for the male genetic material packed in chromosomes, which are composed of nearly 2-meter Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule and their packaging proteins. This chapter points to grant a summarized description of individual components of the male reproductive system: the seminiferous tubule and spermatogenesis. Here, we describe step by step the structure of the testis seminiferous tubule and what occurs inside these tubules like cell communication and germ cell development from spermatogonia until spermatozoon. This book chapter is very useful for the biologists and physicians working in Assisted reproduction field to understand the physiology and pathology of spermatogenesis.

scholarly journals La prevenzione in andrologia: recenti acquisizioni e nuove prospettive scientifiche ed etiche

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mancini ◽  
R. Festa ◽  
G. Grande ◽  
L. De Marinis ◽  
A.G. Spagnolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Function ◽  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World Health ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Complex State ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

Il concetto di prevenzione si è imposto sempre più nel panorama medico, divenendo elemento centrale della pratica clinica. In andrologia ciò significa sottolineare l’importanza di ridurre le cause di sterilità o disfunzioni nella sfera sessuale, spesso prima che la stessa funzione sessuale abbia inizio. In tale ambito l’intervento avviene su più livelli, comprendendo il singolo, la coppia e l’ambiente. La prevenzione, dunque, è un fondamentale elemento in grado di ridurre l’incidenza della sterilità da causa maschile. La definizione dell’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità indica primariamente come la salute sessuale sia un complesso stato di benessere fisico, emozionale, mentale e sociale, connesso alla sessualità, e non soltanto l’assenza di disfunzioni, malattie o infermità. Occorre, allora, riconsiderare il concetto di prevenzione alla luce di tale visione olistica e personalista della sessualità, sia nell’approccio alla sterilità di coppia, favorendo una maturazione verso una più completa visione della genitorialità e della fecondità, che nel processo di sviluppo dell’identità sessuale, favorendo la maturazione di una personalità autonoma ed aperta alla comunicazione con l’altro. ---------- The concept of prevention become more and more important in the pratical medicine. In andrology it means to reduce the causes of sterility or dysfunctions in the sexual sphere, often before that the same sexual function begins. Within the prevention, the intervention happens on more levels, including the single one, the couple and the background. The prevention, therefore, is fundamental element that can reduce the incidence of sterility from male factor. The definition of the World Health Organization indicates that the sexual health is a complex state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality and not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity. It is then necessary to reconsider the prevention under an olistic and personalistic point of view, both in couple sterility, favouring a maturation towards a more complete vision of the being parents and the fecundity, and in the process of development of the sexual identity, promoting the maturation of an autonomous personality open to the communication with the others.

State Reporting of Live Births of Newborns Weighing Less Than 500 Grams: Impact on Neonatal Mortality Rates

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 850-854
Author(s):  
Ann L. Wilson ◽  
Lawrence J. Fenton ◽  
David P. Munson
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

The National Center for Health Statistics reports that in 1983 65% of all infant deaths in the United States occurred in the neonatal period. Of these reported neonatal deaths, 17% were of infants weighing less than 500 g at birth. There was, however, variation in state-reported incidence of live births of newborns in this weight cohort (0.2 to 2.2 per 1,000 live births). Thé states with the lowest neonatal mortality rate have the lowest incidence of birth weights less than 500 g (ρ = .77). If it is assumed that mortality for this weight category is nearly 100%, there is marked variation (5% to 32%) in the contribution of this weight cohort to a state's total neonatal mortality rate. Contributing to this variation may be definitions of live birth used by states. The World Health Organization defines a live birth as the product of conception showing signs of life "irrespective of the duration of pregnancy" and this definition is used by 33 states. Only one state (Ohio) includes the gestational criteria of "at least 20 weeks" in its definition of live birth. There is evidence to suggest that definitions are not uniformly used within individual states. For example, in 1983, 20 states did not report any live births with weights less than 500 g among their "other" populations of nonwhite, nonblack residents. Half of these states, however, use the World Health Organization definition of live birth. Despite the exclusionary wording in Ohio's definition of live birth, 16% of newborns who died in that state had birth weights less than 500 g. Inconsistency in state definitions and possible variations in reporting live births less than 500 g affect state comparisons of infant and neonatal mortality rates.

Causes of Sexual Abuse

2018 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Steffi Elizabeth Behanan ◽  
Manik Bhadkamkar
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

This chapter outlines the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of sexual violence as: ‘Any sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, unwanted sexual comments or advances, or acts to traffic or otherwise directed against a person's sexuality using coercion, by any person regardless of their relationship to the victim, in any setting, including but not limited to home and work'. Although there are many factors which contribute to our understanding of the causes of sexual abuse, this chapter focuses on the various psycho-social factors that would lead to sexual abuse and the various psychological theories such as cognitive, behavioural, personality and social learning theories that help us explain the causes of sexual abuse.

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