scholarly journals O pensamento no período Edo (1603-1868)

1969 ◽  
pp. 77-100
Author(s):  
Madalena Natsuko Hashimoto Cordaro
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Edo Period ◽  
Philosophy And Religion

In an attempt to define (neo)confucianist ideas which are known to permeate Edo period, this essay deals with Confucianist Studies (Jugaku), Classic Studies (Kogaku)，Vernacular Studies {Kokugaku) and Heart Studies (Shingaku), with no discrimination between philosophy and religion, but aware of the diversity of approaches in different historical moments and social classes, as well as of those ideas transformation processed in Japan. It is analised mainly the giri-ninjô (obligation-human feelings) conflict, which is so abundant in literary pieces of the time and in the society as a whole, under the essay conclusions point of view.

Al-Farabi and Ibn-Rushd on the Correlation between Philosophy and Religion

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253
Author(s):  
Ainur D. Kurmanalieva
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Ibn Rushd ◽  
Philosophy And Religion ◽  
The World ◽  
Religious Teaching ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

Al-Farabi and Ibn Rushd interpreted religion and philosophy as two forms of knowledge which complete rather than nullify each other. This point of view was unique and novel. In this regard, both of them emphasized that, if philosophy were an instrument of a select few people for the comprehension of the meaning of existence, then religion is what gives the general populace a way to express their understanding of life. Ibn Rushd strove to draw the attention of representatives of religious teaching to philosophy, and aimed together with them at the understanding of the world which surrounds humankind. While al-Farabi tried by means of logical arguments to establish the priority of philosophy with reference to religion, Ibn Rushd did not restrict himself to the harmonizing of religion and philosophy, but attempted to use religion for the popularization of philosophy, as well as the raising of its prestige. Ibn Rushd fully realized that it was not necessary for science to argue with religious orthodoxy.

Jules Verne’s ‘Around the World in 80 Days’: Multilingualism, Multiculturalism and Symbols

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ii (15) ◽  
pp. 146-182
Author(s):  
Haroula Hatzimihail ◽  
Ioannis Pantelidis
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Jules Verne ◽  
The World ◽  
Semiotic Systems ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Different Cultures

In this announcement, the various –linguistic and non-linguistic- symbols used in the literary work 'Around the world in 80 days', written by Jules Verne, are examined from an intertemporal and contemporary point of view. The references through these points of view, in matters of multiculturalism and multilingualism, are becoming classical in nature: they concern the necessity of the applied ability to communicate between individuals who belong to different social classes and age groups, speak the same or different languages, come from different cultures, with rights and obligations in their various areas of life, etc. Key-words: linguistics, multilingualism, multiculturalism, semiotics, semiotic systems, symbols

scholarly journals Pandangan Dunia Pengarang Terhadap Kehidupan Sosial Masyarakat Dayak Benuaq dalam Novel Api Awan Asap Karya Korrie Layun Rampan

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Tefan Randika Putra ◽  
Suseno W S ◽  
Maharani Intan Andalas IRP
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Forest Sustainability ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich

Karya sastra merupakan sebuah struktur, namun bukan sesuatu yang statis. Karya sastra adalah cermin dari masyarakat yang mewakilinya. Oleh karena itu, lewat sebuah karya sastra pengarang bisa mengekspresikan gagasannya. Untuk mengetahui pandangan dunia pengarang terhadap kehidupan sosial masyarakat Dayak Benuaq, penelitian ini menggunakan kajian teori strukturalisme genetik Lucien Goldmann. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan pandangan dunia pengarang terhadap kehidupan masyarakat Dayak Benuaq yang  tercermin dalam Api Awan Asap. Hasil dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa struktur karya sastra dalam novel Api Awan Asap meliputi tokoh, alur, latar, sudut pandang, dan tema yang menggambarkan pandangan dunia Korrie. Kemudian pandangan dunia pengarang dijelaskan melalui latar belakang sosial pengarang, pandangan terhadap kehidupan sosial, dan dialektika. Korrie mengekspresikan bentuk gagasannya bahwa Masyarakat Dayak Benuaq bukan oknum yang merusak hutan. Masyarakat Dayak sangat menjaga hutan dengan sistem masyarakat Dayak Benuaq yang diwariskan oleh nenek moyang. Sistem sosial masyarakat dijelaskan melalui kepercayaan masyarakat, interaksi sosial kemasyarakatan, ekonomi masyarakat, kesenian masyarakat, serta sistem pemeliharaan dan hukum masyarakat Dayak Benuaq. Kemudian pengarang sebagai subjek kolektif menggambarkan perbedaan kelas sosial antara kaum borjuis dengan kaum biasa. Dari penelitian skripsi ini dapat dilihat bahwa masyarakat Dayak memiliki konsep hidup untuk melestarikan alam dan sangat menghargai alam raya. Literature is a structure, but not something static. Literature is a reflection of society that represent it. Therefore, through a literary author can express his ideas. To know the author’s view towards the Dayak Benuaq’s social life, this research uses genetic structuralism theory proposed by Lucien Goldmann. The purpose of this study is to describe the author’s view towards the Dayak Benuaq’s social life that is reflected on a novel entitled Api Awan Asap. The finding of this study concludes that the literary stucture on the novel entitled Api Awan Asap includes character, plot, setting, point of view, and theme which describe the Korrie’s life. Then, the author’s life view is explained through the author’s social background, social life view, and dialectal. Korrie expreesses his ideas that Dayak Benuaq Society is not the doer who destroy the forest. Dayak Benuaq Society maintains the forest sustainability uses their own system that is innherited by their ancestors. Social Society system is exeplained through the society belief, social interaction, scoiety economy, society art, and as well as the maintenance and low system of Dayak Benuaq Society. Then, the author as the collective subject describes the social classes differentiation between the rich and poor people. Build on this study, it can be seen that Dayak Benuaq Society has a living concept to preserve the nature and appreciate the natural kingdom.

scholarly journals Edo Shigusa- A system of behavior manners for Japanese merchants in Edo period

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
Vu Doan Lien Khe
Keyword(s):  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
General Information ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Edo Period ◽  
Japanese People ◽  
Looking Back ◽  
People Today

Edo Shigusa was a system of behavior manners for Japanese merchants, was taught in the late Edo period. In the process of forming and developing this manner, the Edo-period instructors encountered many objections from the Tokugawa shogunate because they thought that its syllabus risked influence on the politics of the nation, causing Edo merchants not publicly but only in the form of word of mouth. Professor Shiba Mitsuakira was the instructor of Edo Shigusa, who is considered as the last surviving member of Edo Shigusa instructors, holded the seminar "Looking back to the good points of Edo Shigusa" in 1974. He synthesized all of syllabus in the Edo period, calling these manners are "Merchant manners", "Prosperity rules", "Edo Shigusa business philosophers" and finally, named them as “Edo Shigusa”. After restoration and development since 1980, Edo Shigusa has become a common standard in communication, a measure of manners not only for Japanese businessmen but also for ordinary people today. This study, from a cultural point of view, outlines some manners for Japanese merchants in the Edo period, influences in today's era, and analyzes its good and bad sides to explain the general information of Japanese businessmen in particular and Japanese people in general.

scholarly journals The Pronunciation of Egyptian Arabic and Its Aspect of Sociolinguistic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-356
Author(s):  
Fitra Nanda ◽  
Rika Astari ◽  
Haji Mohammad Bin Seman
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Egyptian Arabic ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Video Objects ◽  
Basic Language ◽  
The Social ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Insight Into

The purpose of this research is to provide insight into the characteristics of the Amiyah Egyptian language from a sociolinguistic point of view. This research was conducted by examining a variety of literature relating to the object of study and also the deepening of the material regarding sociolinguistics itself. The research method used is note taking, which takes data from YouTube consisting of 10 video objects whose results are presented in descriptive form. The procedures of the research are as 1) listening to every phrase which is spoken by the speaker, 2) writing the vocabulary that has phonological differences with Arabic Fusha, 3) classifying data according to sound change prepositions, 4) analyzing data related to phonological and morphological aspects, 5) doing further analysis related to the sociolinguistic point of view, 6) presents the results of the study. The results of this study, Amiyah Arabic is not included as a language but as a dialect that emerges from a basic language, namely Fusha Arabic. However, amiyah language has different phonological and morphological aspects that have become characteristic of being another language. This was explained by the social conditions of the Egyptian community who held that the language variations formed were higher social classes than the existing basic language namely fusha language.

Freedom and Religious Worldview

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-159
Author(s):  
Mikhail Yu. Sergeev ◽  
Aleksandr E. Rybas
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Religious Worldview ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Philosophy And Religion ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Understanding

The article, written in the form of a dialogue/discussion, examines the problem of freedom in the context of its interpretation in religious and philosophical thought. The starting point for considering freedom is the thesis that the concept of freedom, as it is presented in the metaphysical and spiritual traditions, hinders both the philosophical understanding of freedom and its implementation in practice since the status of the concept requires the identification of freedom with the knowledge of freedom. However, the knowledge, as it always implies being universal, excludes the possibility of a different understanding of freedom, which leads to the confusion of freedom and necessity. While criticizing this thesis, Mikhail Sergeev insists that the adoption of a particular system of beliefs, including religious faith, does not necessarily make other people understand freedom the same way, which leads to the elimination of freedom in real life and to the substitution of freedom by necessity on theoretical level: as the history of philosophy and religion shows, there have always been many different concepts of freedom, even within the same school or tradition. From the point of view of Aleksandr Rybas, the variety of interpretations of freedom is such only formally since each of these interpretations is aimed at formulating the only one, “true” concept of freedom, resulting from the chosen point of view and therefore making it necessary to characterize alternative views as false: the very idea of “true” freedom is rooted in the specifics of metaphysical thinking, which should be seen the reason for the rejection of freedom. As a result of the discussion, however, some common views on freedom were developed. In particular, freedom was defined as the inherent ability of man to consciously initiate his own changes and determine the parameters of his own existence. Moreover, it was argued that there could not be the only valid or universal form of human life.

scholarly journals Aristophanes and de Ste. Croix: The Value of Old Comedy as Evidence for Athenian Popular Culture

Antichthon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 14-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Old Comedy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich

AbstractDe Ste. Croix famously argued that Aristophanes had a conservative political outlook and attempted to use his comedies to win over lower-class audiences to this minority point of view. The ongoing influence of his interpretation has meant that Old Comedy has been largely ignored in the historiography of Athenian popular culture. This article extends earlier critiques of de Ste. Croix by systematically comparing how Aristophanes and the indisputably popular genre of fourth-century oratory represented the social classes of the Athenians and political leaders. The striking parallels between the two suggest that Aristophanes, far from advocating a minority position, exploited the rich and, at times, contradictory views of lower-class citizens for comic and ultimately competitive ends. As a consequence his plays are valuable evidence for Athenian popular culture and help to correct the markedly fourth-century bias in the writing of Athenian cultural history.

scholarly journals (Auto)Mobilities and social identities in Portugal

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Sales Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contemporary Western Society

Mobility is an expression of modernity, and is considered by some an analytical paradigm of contemporary western society (Sheller and Urry, 2006). Stratification, on the other hand, is a classic sociological dilemma. In this article we propose to look at mobility patterns from the point of view of the social composition of their actors in the Portuguese context. Based on the results of PhD research on Portuguese metropolitan mobility patterns, we explore the relationship between mobility and social classes, with particular emphasis on the choice of automobility. We identify different mobility profiles, mainly according to the means of transport and the socio-professional identity of the studied population.

Moral rules for the word. A few remarks from the perspective of linguistics, philosophy and religious ethics

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-358
Author(s):  
Dominika Dziurosz-Serafinowicz
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Religious Ethics ◽  
Golden Mean ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
Philosophy And Religion ◽  
Ancient Ethics ◽  
Moral Rules

In this paper, I present some directives concerning the ethical use of speech and conversation. I focus on three areas – linguistics, philosophy and religion – and moral rules elaborated there with regard to what should and what should not be revealed by words. From the point of view of linguistics, I analyse modern principles of politeness and maxims of conversation. From the point of view of philosophical reflection, I consider ancient ethics of speech, and in particular: the three sieves of Socrates, rhetoric (lat. ars bene dicendi), and the Aristotelian golden mean. From the point of view of religion, I show the moral rules for words in Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, Confucianism, and the Toltec faith.

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