scholarly journals Surveillance of hemorrhagic fever and/or neuroinvasive disease: challenges of diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Leonardo José Tadeu de Araújo ◽  
Lorenzo Lang Gonzalez ◽  
Lewis Fletcher Buss ◽  
Juliana Mariotti Guerra ◽  
David Salas Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Final Outcome ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Differential Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease

  OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of post mortem laboratory analysis in identifying the causes of hemorrhagic fever and/or neuroinvasive disease in deaths by arbovirus infection. METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional study based on the differential analysis and final outcome obtained in patients whose samples underwent laboratory testing for arboviruses at the Pathology Center of the Adolfo Lutz Institute, in São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS Of the 1355 adults clinically diagnosed with hemorrhagic fever and/or neuroinvasive disease, the most commonly attributed cause of death and the most common final outcome was dengue fever. Almost half of the samples tested negative on all laboratory tests conducted. CONCLUSION The failure to identify the causative agent in a great number of cases highlights a gap in the diagnosis of deaths of unknown etiology. Additional immunohistochemical and molecular assessments need to be added to the post-mortem protocol if all laboratory evaluations performed fail to identify a causative agent. While part of our findings may be due to technical issues related to sample fixation, better information availability when making the initial diagnosis is crucial. Including molecular approaches might lead to a significant advancement in diagnostic accuracy.

scholarly journals Fauna and frequency of hard ticks of livestock in South Khorasan province in 2018: Short Communication

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-193
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Hard Tick ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
South Khorasan

Identification of hard tick species and their hosts are essential for the development of control and prevention programs for tick-borne diseases. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, ticks were collected from the sheep, goat, and camel in different regions of South Khorasan province, Iran in 2018 through cluster sampling method. Fauna and frequency of ticks were recorded and analyzed in SPSS software (version?). In total, 977 ticks were collected, such as: Hyalomma spp, including Hy. dromedarii (40.5%), Hy. anatulicum (30.7%), Hy. marginatum (12.5%), Hy. asciaticum (6.8%), Hy. schulzei (4.4%), Hy. detritum (3.2%), and Hy. scupense (1.1%); Rhipicephalus spp, including Rh. bursa (0.3%), Rh. sanguineus (0.2%); and Haemaphysalis spp, including Ha. concina (0.2%), and Ha. punctate (0.1%). The ticks have a high frequency in the region and the identified species in this study were vectors of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). Moreover, the Hyalomma species is dominant and prevalent throughout the studied region in spring and summer. Therefore the health system of the province has to put into consideration the essential care, education and informing about the CCHF disease.

scholarly journals Etiological patterns of polyneuropathy in a tertiary level hospital of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Makhan Lal Paul ◽  
Monoj Sinha ◽  
Ahsan Habib ◽  
Lubna Khondker ◽  
Md Mahabubur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Muscle Cramp ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical University

The causes of polyneuropathy are many and it is important to identify them, as some of them, especially the inflammatory types are treatable. To explore the different etiological factors of polyneuropathy, this cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka. Data were collected by taking medical history and clinical examination and subsequent laboratory investigations. A total of 60 subjects were included in this study and mean age of the entire patient was 42.25 year. Out of all respondents, 83.3% had muscle weakness, similar number had problems with object handling, 66.3% had muscle cramp, 63.3% had impaired standing or gait, 55.0% had distal paraesthesia, 41.7% had burning feet, 8.3% had restless legs and 5.0% had stiffness. Out of all patients of polyneuropathy, 33.3% had diabetic neuropathy, 11.7% had Guillain-Barré syndrome, 10.0% had chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, similar number had unknown etiology, 6.7% had charcot-marry-tooth disease disease, 6.7% had renal failure, 5.0% had leprosy, Vitamin B 12 deficiency and chronic liver disease of each, 3.3% had history of isoniazide drug intake and similar had systemic lupus erythromatosus. We conclude that, polyneuropathy has wide variety of etiological factors. Among them, diabetes is the most common factor. Further large controlled study is needed to establish the etiological pattern in the context of Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v43i1.21371 Bangladesh Med J. 2014 January; 43 (1): 17-20

scholarly journals Effect of dengue hemorrhagic fever on thrombomodulin level

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Hendra Widjaja ◽  
Max F. J. Mantik
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Difference Test

Background Thrombocyte and endothelial cells play animportant role in dengue hemorrhagic fever pathogenesis.Thrombomodulin is a part of glycoprotein membrane inendothelial cells. Therefore, thrombomodulin level willincrease if endothelial cells disruption occurs.Objective To acknowledge the correlation between thedegree of dengue hemorrhagic fever and thrombomodulinlevel.Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Subjects werehospitalized pediatric patients with age ranging from oneto 13 year old in pediatric ward at Pro£ Dr. R.D. KandouHospital, Manado, who had fever. Three milliliters of bloodwere taken from vein, and were divided for two tests whichwere routine blood analysis and thrombomodulin analysis.Different data resulted from the dengue hemorrhagic fevergroup were processed, and analyzed statistically using F Testand LSD (least significant difference) test. The relationbetween dengue hemorrhagic fever and thrombomodulinwas analyzed with Spearman correlation coefficient.Results There was a significant result in the difference ofthrombomodulin level on four dengue hemorrhagic fevergroups which were classified according to the severity ofdengue hemorrhagic fever. There was a very significantpositive correlation between the severity of denguehemorrhagic fever and thrombomodulin level in detectingendothelial cells impairment.Conclusion Thrombomodulin level can be used as amarker to detect endothelial cells impairment in denguehemorrhagic fever. Higher grade of dengue hemorrhagicfever will have higher thrombomodulin level.

scholarly journals Exposure to Hantavirus is a Risk Factor Associated with Kidney Diseases in Sri Lanka: A Cross Sectional Study

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarathkumara ◽  
Gamage ◽  
Lokupathirage ◽  
Muthusinghe ◽  
Nanayakkara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Hantavirus Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) imposes a substantial burden on public health in Sri Lankan agricultural communities. High seroprevalences of hantavirus have been reported in CKDu patients in several locations of Sri Lanka. We carried out a cross-sectional study followed by an unmatched case-control comparison in two geographically distinct areas of Sri Lanka, Girandurukotte (CKDu endemic) and Kandy (CKDu non-endemic) to determine whether exposure to hantaviruses is a potential risk factor in patients with kidney disease. An indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay using two antigens, Thailand orthohantavirus-infected and recombinant N protein-expressing Vero E6 cells, were used for serodiagnosis. Participants’ demographic and other socio-economic data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Fifty kidney disease patients and 270 controls from Kandy and 104 kidney disease patients and 242 controls from Girandurukotte were examined. Seropositivities were 50% and 17.4% in kidney patients and controls, respectively, in Girandurukotte, and they were 18% and 7% in Kandy. The odds of exposure to hantaviruses were higher for kidney disease patients than for controls in both Girandurukotte (OR:3.66, 95% CI:2.01 to 6.64) and Kandy (OR:2.64, 95% CI:1.07 to 6.54) in binary logistic regression models. According to statistical analysis, individuals exposed to hantaviruses had a higher risk of developing renal impairment. Therefore, hantavirus infection might be an important risk factor for development of kidney disease in Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals Quantitative NS1 antigen and the severity of dengue virus infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Ni Made Adi Purnami ◽  
Mohammad Juffrie ◽  
Made Gde Dwi Lingga Utama
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nonstructural Protein 1 ◽  
Spearman Test

Background Dengue infection is one of the main cause ofmorbidity and mortality in children in Indonesia. Since it is knownthat earlier treatment and supportive therapies can decreased casefatality rate from dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), identificationof children who have risks to develop to DHF must be quicklyidentified, mainly in areas of endemic.Objective To find a correlation between increased quantitativesecreted nonstructural protein-1 (sNS1) with clinical course ofsevere dengue infections.Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted on childrenwith dengue infections in Tropical Infections Division of ChildHealth Department, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Detection ofthe dengue antigen was made by examining sNS1 quantitativeimmuno-assay. Analysis correlation of Spearman test was used tolook the relationship between increased quantitative sNS1 withclinical course of severe dengue infections.Results There was a positive relationship between quantitativesNS1 and clinical course of severe dengue infections with a valueof r = 0.903, P=0.001. Increased sNS1 level had a positivecorrelation with more severe dengue infections.Conclusions Quantitative sNS1 titer has a strong positivecorrelation with clinical course of severe dengue infections.

First molecular-based anti-TB drug resistance survey in Eritrea

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
A. B. Mesfin ◽  
Z. Z. Araia ◽  
H. N. Beyene ◽  
A. H. Mebrahtu ◽  
N. N. Suud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Previously Treated

BACKGROUND: In the absence of reliable data on drug-resistant TB in Eritrea, a national survey was conducted in 2018 using molecular-based methods, bypassing the need for culture.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in all 77 TB microscopy centres in the country. All 629 newly registered sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB patients were enrolled over 12 months. Sputum samples were tested using the Xpert® MTB/RIF assay and targeted next-generation sequencing (Deeplex Myc-TB) to identify resistance and explore the phylogenetics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains.RESULTS: Drug resistance profiles were obtained for 555 patients (502 new, 53 previously treated). The prevalence of rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) was respectively 2.0% and 7.6% among new and previously treated cases. All RR-TB isolates that were susceptible to isoniazid displayed a phylogenetic marker conferring capreomycin resistance, confirming circulation of a previously described resistant TB sub-lineage in the Horn of Africa. Only one case of fluoroquinolone resistance was detected.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of rifampicin resistance among TB patients is encouragingly low. The scarcity of fluoroquinolone resistance bodes well for the success of the recommended all-oral treatment regimen. Surveillance based on molecular approaches enables a reliable estimation of the burden of resistance and can be used to guide appropriate treatment and care.

Intracortical remodelling and porosity in the distal radius and post-mortem femurs of women: a cross-sectional study

The Lancet ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 375 (9727) ◽  
pp. 1729-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger MD Zebaze ◽  
Ali Ghasem-Zadeh ◽  
Ann Bohte ◽  
Sandra Iuliano-Burns ◽  
Michiko Mirams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distal Radius ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Hypocalcemia is associated with disease severity in patients with dengue

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (09) ◽  
pp. 1205-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin R Constantine ◽  
Senaka Rajapakse ◽  
Priyanga Ranasinghe ◽  
Balasundaram Parththipan ◽  
Ananda Wijewickrama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Probable Case ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in tropical regions. Serum free calcium (Ca2+) is known to be important in cardiac and circulatory function. We evaluated association between serum Ca2+ level and severity of dengue. Methodology:A cross-sectional study was carried out at a tertiary care private hospital in Sri Lanka. A probable case of dengue was diagnosed and classified according to World Health Organization criteria and confirmed by either IgM antibody, PCR, or NS1 antigen detection. Socio-demographic details were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results: The sample size was 135. The mean age was 26.1 years, and the majority were males (n = 80, 59.3%). DHF was diagnosed in 71 patients (52.6%). Mean serum Ca2+ level of the study population was 1.05 mmol/L (range 0.77–1.24). Mean serum Ca2+ was significantly higher in patients with dengue fever (DF) (1.09 mmol/L) than in those with DHF (1.02 mmol/L) (p < 0.05). A significant difference was observed between mean serum calcium levels of DHF I and DHF II. Prevalence of hypocalcemia in DHF and DF patients was 86.9% (n = 60) and 29.7% (n = 11), respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Serum Ca2+ levels significantly correlated with dengue severity. Serum Ca2+ levels were significantly lower and hypocalcemia was more prevalent in patients with DHF than in patients with DF. Further studies are required to determine whether hypocalcemia can be utilized as a prognostic indicator and to evaluate effectiveness of calcium therapy in prevention of dengue complications.

scholarly journals Depression Associated With COVID-19 and its Impact on Physical Activities of Young Adults of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakhtawar Samejo ◽  
Sajida Bibi Noonari ◽  
Sikander Munir Memon ◽  
Dua-e- Noor
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Daily Routines

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a cluster of acute respiratory illnesses with unknown etiology, which firstly appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. All educational institutes of Pakistan were completely closed from March 13, 2020, to August 15, 2020. This condition disturbs the daily routines of children with mental health needs. This sudden closure limited their physical activities in their routine life. This study aims to observe the depression associated with COVID-19 and its impact on the physical activities of young adults of Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 young adults. A modified depression scale was used to assess depression, and the revised physical activity questionnaire was used to evaluate the physical activity of Pakistani young adults in the past month. Results: About 57.8% of the samples were sometimes  sad; 44.5% sometimes  felt grouchy in the mood; 43.8% never felt hopeless about the future. Also, 32.6% sometimes slept less or more than usual, 35.9% sometimes had difficulty concentrating on their work, 48.7% slept 6-8 hours per day. Besides, 49% engaged 1-3 hours in work or study per day; 43.2% watched TV, sat quietly, or listened to music for 1-3 hours. About 57.8% engaged less than 1 hour per week in light physical activities. Also, 77.9% engaged for less than 1 hour per week in moderately strenuous activities. Conclusion: Depression could be highly associated with the COVID-19 outbreak, and it might affect the physical activities of young adults.

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