Abstract MP025: Physical Activity and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Young Women

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea K Chomistek ◽  
Kenneth J Mukamal ◽  
A. H Eliassen ◽  
Eric B Rimm
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Chd Risk

Background: The majority of studies on the association between physical activity and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk have been conducted in middle-aged and older populations. Although physical activity has been shown to lower risk of CHD in women by approximately 30%, evidence for the benefits of exercise for CHD in young women is very limited. Methods and Results: We conducted a prospective cohort study among 114 054 women, 25–42 years of age at baseline, enrolled in the Nurses’ Health Study II and followed from 1989 to 2009. Leisure-time physical activity was assessed at baseline and during follow-up through a series of questions on the specific type of activity and the average time per week spent on the activity over the previous year. Additionally, at baseline, women were asked the number of months per year they participated in strenuous exercise or sports during high school and ages 18–22. During 20 years of follow-up, we documented 518 new cases of non-fatal MI and fatal CHD. After adjusting for age and other cardiovascular risk factors, the rate ratios (RR) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) corresponding to 0, 0.1 – 3.5, 3.6 – 8.8, 8.9 – 21.0, and > 21 MET-hours/week of physical activity were 1.0, 0.93 (0.71, 1.21), 0.73 (0.56, 0.95), 0.67 (0.52, 0.88), and 0.63 (0.49, 0.83) (p for trend = 0.001). There was no evidence of effect modification by age or body mass index. Specifically in women less than 50 years of age, the corresponding RR were 1.0, 0.97 (0.70, 1.35), 0.75 (0.53, 1.04), 0.69 (0.50, 0.96), and 0.63 (0.45, 0.88) (p for trend = 0.008). Brisk walking alone was also associated with significant reductions in CHD risk. In contrast to physical activity during adulthood, frequency of participation in strenuous activity in high school or during ages 18–22 was not associated with risk of CHD when adjusted for current physical activity. Conclusions: These prospective data suggest that physical activity is associated with substantial risk reductions in the incidence of coronary heart disease in young women.

scholarly journals Frequency, Type, and Volume of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Young Women

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea K. Chomistek ◽  
Beate Henschel ◽  
A. Heather Eliassen ◽  
Kenneth J. Mukamal ◽  
Eric B. Rimm
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity

Abstract 13168: Food Quality Score and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Fung ◽  
An Pan ◽  
Tao Hou ◽  
Dariush Mozzafarian ◽  
Shilpa Bhupathiraju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
History Of

Introduction: We have previously derived a food based diet quality score associated with weight change. In this analysis, we prospectively assessed the association between this score and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: We followed 74,667 women in the Nurse’ Health Study (baseline age 35-55 y), 28,977 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (baseline age 50-72), and 92,513 women in the Nurses’ Health Study 2 (baseline age 25-42) without a history of cardiovascular disease for up to 26 years between 1984 and 2011. Diet was assessed up to 7 times using repeated food frequency questionnaires. We computed the Food Quality Score (FQS) for each individual. A higher FQS score represents a healthier diet. The association between the FQS and CHD risk was assessed using Cox proportional hazard model controlling for potential confounders. We also compared the strength of association of FQS with other diet quality scores. Results: We ascertained 6497 incident CHD events, including 4594 nonfatal myocardial infarct (MI) and 2055 fatal cases. Comparing top to bottom deciles, the pooled RR was 0.66 (95% CI=0.58-0.74, p trend<0.001) for total CHD, 0.63 (0.54-0.73, p trend<0.001) for non-fatal MI, and 0.73 (0.59-0.90, p trend=0.001) for fatal MI. The association for CHD was significant in lean (BMI<25) and overweight (BMI>=25) individuals, those with or without a family history of MI, and physical activity above or below the median. When comparing the FQS with other diet quality scores that have previously been associated to lower CHD risk, one standard deviation increase in the FQS was not significantly different from the Alternate Mediterranean Diet score, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 or the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score in its association with CHD risk. Conclusion: A higher FQS was associated with lower CHD risk. The FQS was comparable to food and nutrient based diet quality score that have previously been associated with lower CVD risk and indicates a potential to develop a simple food only diet quality for public health applications of assessing diet quality.

Abstract P001: Dietary and Plasma Magnesium and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease among Women

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie E Chiuve ◽  
Kathryn M Rexrode ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
Eric N Taylor ◽  
Gary C Curhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Plasma Magnesium ◽  
Chd Risk Factors

Background: Plasma magnesium (Mg) has been strongly associated with lower risk of fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) and sudden cardiac death, which may be due to its anti-arrhythmic properties. Mg also affects endothelial function, inflammation, blood pressure and diabetes and thus may impact atherosclerosis in general. We examined the association between magnesium, measured in diet and plasma, and risk of fatal, nonfatal and total CHD among women in the Nurses’ Health Study. Design: The association for Mg intake was examined prospectively among 86,361 women free of disease in 1980. Mg intake and other covariates were ascertained updated every 2-4 years through questionnaires and 3661 cases of CHD (1214 fatal/2447 nonfatal) were documented through 2008. For plasma Mg, we conducted a nested case-control analysis with 405 CHD (63 fatal/342 nonfatal) cases, matched to controls (1:1) on age, smoking, fasting status, and date of blood sampling. Results: Dietary magnesium was inversely associated with risk of CHD, even after controlling for diet and CHD risk factors (RR comparing extreme quintiles: 0.75; 95%CI: 0.64, 0.89; P trend=0.002) (Table 1). The relationship with plasma Mg was less linear ( P trend=0.09) with a potential threshold effect at the 2 nd quintile. The RR of CHD comparing plasma Mg >2.0 v. ≤2.0 mg/dl was 0.49 (95%CI: 0.32, 0.74). The associations for dietary and plasma Mg appeared stronger for fatal versus nonfatal CHD. The RR (95%CI; P trend) comparing the highest to lowest quintile of dietary Mg was 0.60 (0.45, 0.79; p <0.001) for fatal and 0.85 (0.70, 1.04; p = 0.14) for nonfatal CHD. The RR (95%CI) comparing plasma Mg >2.0 v. ≤2.0 mg/dl was 0.23 (0.07, 0.81) for fatal and 0.55 (0.35, 0.86) for nonfatal CHD. Conclusions: Higher levels of Mg, in diet and plasma, were associated with lower risk of total CHD among women. The consistent inverse association found between two measures of Mg and CHD risk supports the hypothesis that Mg might lower CHD risk through multiple mechanisms, and may be most strongly protective for fatal events.

The long-term effect of physical activity on incidence of coronary heart disease: A 12-year follow-up study

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Sundquist ◽  
Jan Qvist ◽  
Sven-Erik Johansson ◽  
Jan Sundquist
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Long Term Effect

Abstract 4985: Are All Patients Considered “Low Risk” for Coronary Heart Disease Really Low Risk? An Analysis from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Nambi ◽  
Lloyd Chambless ◽  
Aaron R Folsom ◽  
Yijuan Hu ◽  
Tom Mosley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Event Rates ◽  
Aric Study

Low risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) is defined by ATP III as a 10 year risk of <10%. There have been suggestions, however, that a 10 year CHD risk of 5–10% be considered as intermediate risk. The addition of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) has been shown to improve CHD risk prediction when added to traditional risk factors (TRF) (age, gender, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension and cigarette smoking) in the ARIC study. We investigated the absolute event rates with and without the addition of CIMT to TRF in the ARIC study and determined the impact in the 0–10% risk group. Participants in the ARIC study (n=13145) without baseline CHD or stroke and with CIMT measurements available were included for this analysis. Using Cox proportional hazards models the participants were classified into various risk categories using TRF and further classified by sex specific CIMT (categorized as <25 th , 25 th to 75 th and >75 th percentile). The absolute event rates were then described in each group (table ). Over a mean follow up of 13.8 years, 1601 (12.2%) individuals had incident CHD events. Approximately 31% of these incident CHD events were in the 5–10% risk group which made up 28% of the study while only 16% of the incident CHD events occurred in the 0–5% risk group which made up 47% of the study population. The 5–10% group had event rates (13.7%) greater than the study average (12.2%), especially in those with thicker CIMT (>75 th percentile, event rate 17%), and greater event rates than those in the 0–5% risk group (4.1%) (table ). Given the notably higher observed CHD risk in the 5–10% group (especially in those with thicker CIMT) relative to the 0–5% group, the availability of safe, low cost lipid lowering medications and low risk tests such as ultrasound that may improve risk stratification, it may be time to evaluate the low risk group more carefully for cardiovascular preventive therapies. Table. Incident CHD in the various risk groups over a mean follow up of 13.8 years in the ARIC study

Abstract P075: Influence of Systemic Interleukin-6 on the Inverse Association between Your-Choice American Heart Diet and a 41-Year Mortality Risk from Coronary Heart Disease among Men

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Dai ◽  
Anthony J Acton ◽  
Robert V Considine ◽  
Ruth E Krasnow ◽  
Terry Reed
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Introduction: Whole diet evaluated using dietary pattern is associated with systemic inflammation and coronary heart disease (CHD). Systemic inflammation also contributes to CHD risk. Genetic factors explain variations in whole diet, systemic inflammation, and CHD. However, it is unknown whether systemic inflammation is a mechanism linking whole diet to the long-term mortality risk from coronary heart disease independent of genes. Hypothesis: Systemic inflammation measured as plasma interleukin-6 levels medicates the association between whole diet and long-term mortality risk from coronary heart disease independent of genes. Methods: From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Twin Study, we included 554 white, middle-aged, veteran male twins (105 monozygotic and 109 dizygotic twin pairs; 65 monozygotic and 61 dizygotic unpaired twins). The twins were not on antihypertensive medication and had diastolic blood pressure below 105 mmHg at baseline (1969-1973) and did not have suspected acute inflammation [plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) above 10 pg/mL or C-reactive protein above 30 mg/L)]. Usual dietary data at baseline were collected through nutritionist-administered dietary history interview. Your-Choice American Heart Diet (YCARD) score was devised to quantitatively evaluate whole diet. Plasma interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were measured with ELISA. Data on vital status and death causes were collected through death certificates until Dec 31, 2010. A frailty survival model was used to estimate various associations: overall (equivalent to the association in the general population), within-pair (independent of genes and environment common to co-twins), and between-pair (indicating influence of the common factors). We controlled for total caloric intake and known CHD risk factors including body mass index and modified Framingham Risk Score. Results: There were 75 CHD deaths during a 41-year follow-up (median follow-up of 34 years). The adjusted overall association between YCARD score and the CHD mortality risk was negative [partial coefficient for a 10-unit increment in the YCARD score: βo (95% confidence interval (CI)): -0.13 (-0.24, -0.02); hazard ratio (95% CI): 0.88 (0.78, 0.98)]. The partial regression coefficient was -0.02 [95% CI (-0.23, 0.19)] for the within-pair effect of YCARD (βw) and -0.12 [95% CI (-0.26, 0)] for the between-pair effect of YCARD (βb) in relation to CHD mortality risk. Additional adjustment for IL-6 led to a 15.4% reduction in the βo, a 100% increment in the βw, and a 16.7% reduction in the βb. Conclusions: Systemic inflammation measured as interleukin-6 mediates the association between whole diet and long-term coronary heart mortality risk, which is largely through genetic and environmental factors shared between co-twins.

Abstract P370: Obesity and Incident Coronary Heart Disease in the Million Women Study: A Prospective, Population-based Cohort Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexter Canoy ◽  
Benjamin J Cairns ◽  
Angela Balkwill ◽  
Jayne Green ◽  
Lucy Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chd Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

Background: Higher body-mass index (BMI) has been associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality but its association with incident CHD is less investigated, and data for women are limited. Methods: We examined the prospective relation between BMI and incident CHD (first CHD hospitalization or death) in 1.2 million women aged ≥50 years without prior CHD, who were recruited through a national breast screening programme in 1996 to 2001 and followed for an average of 9 years (48,842 events with 10.7 million person-years of follow-up). Absolute and relative risks (using Cox regression) associated with higher BMI were estimated. Results: After excluding the first 4 years of follow-up, there were 32,465 events (5.9 million person-years) including 3,345 CHD deaths. The adjusted relative risk per 5 kg/m 2 BMI difference was 1.24 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22 to 1.25]. CHD risk increased linearly across a wide range of BMI, with no apparent excess risk in the lower end of BMI distribution. The relation persisted after excluding current smokers or limiting cases to myocardial infarction only. For women in this cohort, the 20-year cumulative risk of CHD from age 55 to 74 years (95% CI) ranged from 9% (8 to10) to 18% (16 to 20) for women with BMI of 20 to 22.5 kg/m 2 and ≥35 kg/m 2 , respectively. Never smokers with BMI ≥35 kg/m 2 had comparable cumulative risk to current smokers with BMI of 20 to 22.5 kg/m 2 . Conclusion: In this large cohort of women, the impact of excess weight on CHD morbidity and mortality is substantial. Measures to prevent and control excess weight and other CHD risk factors are needed to help reduce CHD burden in women.

scholarly journals Excess Body Mass and Leisure Time Physical Activity in the Incidence and Persistence of Chronic Pain

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3094-3101
Author(s):  
Rahman Shiri ◽  
Tea Lallukka ◽  
Ossi Rahkonen ◽  
Päivi Leino-Arjas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
The City

Abstract Objective To estimate the effects of excess body mass and leisure time physical activity on the incidence and persistence of chronic pain. Design A prospective cohort study. Methods As a part of the Finnish Helsinki Health Study, we included three cohorts of employees of the City of Helsinki (18,562 observations) and defined incident chronic pain as having pain in any part of the body for more than three months at follow-up in participants without chronic pain at baseline (N = 13,029 observations). Persistent chronic pain was defined as having pain for more than three months at both baseline and follow-up (N = 5,533 observations). Results Overweight (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–1.31) and obesity (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.45–1.88) increased the incidence of chronic pain. Moreover, overweight (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02–1.32) and obesity (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.26–1.74) increased the risk of persistent chronic pain. Vigorous leisure time physical activity reduced the incidence of chronic pain (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.75–0.96). Physical activity did not influence the risk of persistent chronic pain. Furthermore, overweight/obesity modified the effect of leisure time physical activity on incident chronic pain. Inactive overweight or obese participants were at the highest risk of chronic pain (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.40–2.09), while the OR dropped to 1.44 (95% CI = 1.19–1.75) in moderately active overweight or obese participants and to 1.20 (95% CI = 0.97–1.47) in highly active overweight or obese participants. Conclusions Obesity not only increases the risk of developing chronic pain, but also increases the risk of persistent pain, while leisure time physical activity reduces the risk of developing chronic pain.

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