Abstract P044: Ten-Year Blood Pressure Trajectories and Long-Term Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality: The Minnesota Business and Professional Men Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne M Tielemans ◽  
Johanna M Geleijnse ◽  
Hendriek C Boshuizen ◽  
Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu ◽  
Alessandro Menotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Single Baseline ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Introduction: We characterised 10[[Unable to Display Character: ‑]]year trajectories of annual blood pressure (BP) measurements and studied the added value on long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in comparison to a single baseline BP measurement. Methods: This study is based on data from 266 men, aged 45 to 55 years, who participated in the Minnesota Business and Professional Men Study. BP was measured annually between 1947[[Unable to Display Character: ‑]]1957, a time when only very high levels of BP were treated. Men who did not die before 1957 and did not have a history of myocardial infarction or stroke were included. We identified BP trajectories by means of finite mixture group-based trajectory modelling (PROC TRAJ in SAS). For each individual, time to death was defined as the difference in years between 1957 and year of death (the last man died in 2002). Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to examine BP trajectories in relation to CVD mortality. Results: All 266 men died and 142 (53.4%) from CVD, with mean (± sd) time to death 21±10 years. We identified four systolic BP trajectories with baseline mean systolic BP levels ranging from 112 (SBP1) to 165 (SBP4) mmHg. This difference of 53 mmHg in baseline systolic BP level was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.4 (95% CI: 1.5-3.8) for CVD mortality. From age 45 to 65, mean systolic BP levels of the four trajectories (Figure 1A) increased from 0.4 to 2.1 mmHg/year for SBP1 to SBP4. For systolic BP trajectories, the HR of CVD mortality increased from 1.6 (SBP2) to 4.2 (SBP4), compared to men in SBP1 (Figure 1A). A similar pattern was observed for diastolic BP (Figure 1B). Conclusion: In this population of middle[[Unable to Display Character: ‑]]aged US men, the increase in BP was strongest in those with the highest BP levels. Trajectories of BP predicted CVD mortality much better than a single BP measurement.

Abstract P160: Long-term Blood Pressure Variability And Cognitive Decline And Dementia Among Community-dwelling Elderly

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E Ernst ◽  
Joanne Ryan ◽  
Enayet K Chowdhury ◽  
Anne M Murray ◽  
Robyn L Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Immortal Time Bias ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
The Impact

Greater blood pressure variability (BPV) in midlife increases the risk of dementia, but the impact of BPV in cognitively intact older adults is unknown. We examined the risk of incident dementia and cognitive decline associated with long-term, visit-to-visit BPV in participants of the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) study, a randomized primary prevention trial of daily low-dose aspirin in community-dwelling adults in Australia and the US aged 70 and older (65 if US minority), who were free of dementia or evidence of cognitive impairment at enrollment. The mean of three BPs using an automated cuff was recorded at baseline and annually; participants also underwent baseline and biennial standardized assessments of global cognition, delayed episodic memory, verbal fluency, processing speed and attention. Cognitive decline was pre-specified as a >1.5 standard deviation (SD) decline in score from baseline on any of the cognitive tests, while incident dementia was a pre-specified secondary endpoint of ASPREE which was adjudicated using DSM-IV criteria. BPV was estimated using within-individual SD of mean systolic BP across baseline and the first two annual visits, and participants with cognitive decline or incident dementia during this period were excluded from the analysis to avoid immortal time bias. After adjustment for key covariates, Cox proportional hazards regression revealed increased risks for dementia and cognitive decline during follow-up for individuals in the highest SD tertile of BPV (Table). Our findings suggest that high BPV in older ages should be considered a potential therapeutic target to preserve cognitive function.

scholarly journals Association of dairy intake with all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality in Japanese adults: a 25-year population-based cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukai Lu ◽  
Yumi Sugawara ◽  
Sanae Matsuyama ◽  
Akira Fukao ◽  
Ichiro Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Purpose The association between dairy intake and mortality remains uncertain, and evidence for the Japanese population is scarce. We aimed to investigate the association between dairy intake and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Japanese adults. Methods A total of 34,161 participants (16,565 men and 17,596 women) aged 40–64 years without a history of cancer, myocardial infarction, or stroke at baseline were included in the analysis, using data from the Miyagi Cohort Study initiated in 1990. Milk, yogurt, and cheese intake were obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Total dairy intake was calculated as the sum of milk, yogurt, and cheese intake and then categorized by quartile. The outcomes were all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality risks. Results During 750,016 person-years of follow-up, the total number of deaths was 6498, including 2552 deaths due to cancer and 1693 deaths due to CVD. There was no association between total dairy intake and all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality for both men and women. We also examined the associations between subgroup dairy products and mortality. For milk and yogurt intake, our results suggest null associations. However, cheese intake was modestly associated with lower all-cause mortality in women; compared with non-consumers, the multivariable HRs (95%CIs) were 0.89 (0.81–0.98) for 1–2 times/month, 0.88 (0.78–1.00) for 1–2 times/week, and 0.89 (0.74–1.07) for 3 times/week or almost daily (p trend = 0.016). Conclusion Dairy intake was not associated with mortality in Japanese adults, except for limited evidence showing a modest association between cheese intake and a lower all-cause mortality risk in women.

Abstract 16866: Blood Pressure Control and Stroke or Bleeding Risk in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Results from the ROCKET AF Trial

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreekanth Vemulapalli ◽  
Anne S Hellkamp ◽  
W. Schuyler Jones ◽  
Jonathan P Piccini ◽  
Kenneth W Mahaffey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stage 1

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a risk factor for stroke and bleeding in atrial fibrillation (AF). Yet, the association between HTN stage and stroke and bleeding risk in AF is unknown. Methods: The study population included 14,256 of the patients randomized in the ROCKET AF trial. Baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) and history of HTN were determined and categorized as follows: (1) no history of HTN, (2) controlled HTN (SBP <140), (3) stage 1 HTN (SBP 140-159), and (4) stage 2 HTN (SBP ≥160). Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare event rates for stroke or systemic embolism (SE) and major bleeding. Results: Of the 90.5% of patients in ROCKET AF with HTN, 55.9% were controlled and 34.6% had stage 1 or 2 HTN. Compared with those with HTN, those without HTN had lower mean CHADS 2 scores (2.8 vs. 3.5), lower rates of prior myocardial infarction (11% vs. 18%), and lower mean age (69 vs. 73 years). Compared with those with no history of HTN, there was a trend towards an increased adjusted risk of stroke or SE in patients with controlled HTN (HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.89-1.66) and stage 1 or 2 HTN (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.03-1.95) (p=0.06). A similar trend in adjusted risk of hemorrhagic stroke (controlled HTN: HR 2.50, 95% CI 0.89-7.05; stage 1 or 2 HTN: HR 3.04, 95% CI 1.06-8.71) (p=0.11) was observed. The effect of HTN stage on stroke risk did not vary by baseline CHADS 2 score (p interaction=0.70). The adjusted risk of major bleeding was not different between groups (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.74-1.23; HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.77-1.30) (p=0.84). The benefit of rivaroxaban versus warfarin in preventing stroke or SE was consistent among patients regardless of baseline SBP (p interaction=0.69). Conclusion: One-third of patients in a clinical trial of AF had uncontrolled SBP at baseline. Uncontrolled SBP showed a trend towards a higher risk of stroke or SE, but not bleeding. Uncontrolled SBP may be an important factor in reducing the overall risk of stroke, and specifically hemorrhagic stroke, in patients with AF.

Abstract 4881: Interaction of Genetic and Pharmacologic β -adrenergic Signaling Inhibitors Determines Long-term Mortality after Acute Coronary Ischemia

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Cresci ◽  
Reagan Kelly ◽  
Sharon Kardia ◽  
John A Spertus ◽  
Gerald W Dorn
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
P Value ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Human Heart Failure ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Protein Receptor

Introduction: While chronic β-blocker (BB) therapy after myocardial infarction (MI) reduces the long-term risk of death, recent studies suggest that BB within 24h after MI is associated with increased death from cardiogenic shock. We have described a naturally-occurring G-protein Receptor Kinase ( GRK )5 L41 polymorphism that mimics BB effects in experimental models and human heart failure raising the possibility that pre-existing “genetic β-blockade” might also affect outcomes after MI. Methods: 3,244 patients hospitalized with acute coronary ischemic syndromes (ACS; 2,943 MI; 301 unstable angina) were followed for an average of 2.7 years. Primary endpoint was time to death. A sub-cohort (n=973) was followed for time to rehospitalization. Independent variables were antecedent BB therapy (a-BB), discharge BB therapy (d-BB), and GRK5 Q41L genotype. Differences were assessed with Kaplan Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards modeling (HR). Results: Complete data were available for 2,732 subjects (24% African American [AA], 33% female, 32% a-BB, 87% d-BB). Overall mortality rate was 12%, and rehospitalization occurred in 41%. AA had increased mortality risk (HR=1.32, CI= 1.017–1.71, p=0.037). a-BB significantly increased mortality in both AA (HR=1.69, CI=1.006–2.84, p=0.047) and Caucasians (HR=1.98, CI=1.523–2.57, p=0.00000033). GRK5 L41 is more common in AA. GRK5 L41 carrier status did not significantly affect mortality in AA or Caucasian non-BB subjects, but protected against death in AA with a-BB (HR=0.456, CI= 0.256 – 0.812, p=0.0076; p value for gene-drug interaction=0.041). In the rehospitalization sub-study, GRK5 L41 protected AA from rehospitalization, independent of BB use (HR=0.605, CI=0.388 – 0.943, p=0.026). d-BB status was not associated with mortality or rehospitalization after discharge. Conclusions: Antecedent, but not discharge, treatment with BB is associated with adverse long-term outcomes in ACS patients requiring hospitalization. In contrast, AA patients carrying the GRK5 L41 polymorphism are protected against death and rehospitalization. “Genetic β-blockade” may have advantages over, and can oppose some untoward consequences of, pharmacological β-receptor antagonism in ACS patients.

Abstract P28: Comparison of Short- and Long-Term Mortality Between Older Asian and White Patients with Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Findings from CRUSADE-CMS Database

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixian Xu ◽  
DaJuanicia N Holmes ◽  
Richard C Becker ◽  
Matthew T Roe ◽  
Eric D Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Coronary Revascularization ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
St Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
White Patients

Background: While previous studies have shown similar in-hospital mortality between Asian and White patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), little is known about their longer-term mortality differences. Methods: We linked Medicare claims data to detailed clinical data for 37702 NSTEMI patients ≥65 years of age from 444 CRUSADE hospitals between 2003 and 2006 to examine longitudinal outcomes. All-cause 30-day and 1-year mortality were compared between Asian and White patients by Cox proportional hazards modeling adjusting for differences in baseline patient characteristics. Results: Compared with White patients, Asians (n= 307) were younger, more frequently had hypertension, diabetes, and renal insufficiency, and less likely to have had a prior MI or coronary revascularization. There were no significant differences in rates of cardiac catheterization (60.7% vs. 58.0%, p=0.26), PCI (32.2% vs. 31.6%, p=0.73), and CABG (9.2% vs. 8.5%, p=0.62) between Whites and Asians respectively. While the difference in risk-adjusted mortality was not statistically significant between Asian and White patients at 30-days (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.48 - 1.01), lower 1-year mortality (adjusted HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.48 - 0.79) and 1-year mortality conditional on surviving 30 days (adjusted HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40 - 0.78) were observed among Asians (Figure). Conclusions: While short-term outcomes were similar between Asian and White NSTEMI patients ≥65 years of age, Asians had better outcomes at 1 year. Further study is needed to determine whether more complete follow-up and use of secondary prevention strategies in Asians help to explain these long-term differences in outcome.

Age at onset and familial risk for major depression in a Swedish national twin sample

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1573-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH S. KENDLER ◽  
MARGARET GATZ ◽  
CHARLES O. GARDNER ◽  
NANCY L. PEDERSEN
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background. In many biomedical disorders, early age at onset (AAO) is an index of high liability to illness which is manifest by an increased risk of illness in relatives. Most but not all prior studies report such a pattern for major depression (MD).Method. Lifetime MD and AAO were assessed at personal interview using modified DSM-III-R criteria in 13864 twin pairs, including 4229 onsets of MD, from the Swedish National Twin Registry. Analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazards models.Results. Controlling for year of birth, gender, zygosity, co-twin history of MD and the interaction of zygosity and co-twin history, the best-fit model showed a significant main effect and a quadratic effect of AAO of MD in the co-twin on the log hazard ratio for MD in the index twin. When examined together, these effects predicted that from the ages of 15 to ~35 years, AAO of MD is moderately negatively related to risk of illness in relatives. However, past age 35, the function flattens out, with little change of risk in relatives with further increases of AAO. Even when the co-twin had a late AAO, the risk in the index twin substantially exceeded that seen when the co-twin had no history of MD.Conclusion. In this large sample, AAO is a meaningful, albeit modest, index of familial liability to MD. The relationship is nonlinear and results largely from an increased liability in individuals with an early AAO. These results should be interpreted in the context of the limitations of long-term recall.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the effectiveness of endovascular kidney revascularization in patients with renal arteria stenosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
E. V. Frolova ◽  
N. V. Morkovskikh ◽  
E. V. Kamenev ◽  
D. R. Sakhipov ◽  
V. A. Germanov
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Multivariate Correlation ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sequential Regression

The paper analyzes the results of surgical treatment of 109 patients with renal artery stenosis and manifestations of ischemic kidney disease (IBD) in the form of renovascular arterial hypertension. Blood pressure normalization was noted in 97 (89%) patients in the early and in 91 (84%) in the late postoperative periods. A sequential regression and multivariate correlation analysis of the factors of a good outcome of the operation was carried out. It was determined that significant prognostic factors are the presence of microalbuminuria and the duration of the history of arterial hypertension before surgery (correlation coefficients (HR) –0.684 and –0.695 at p = 0.0001). With these factors, the difference between the assessment of cumulative survival without clinical deterioration and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was statistically significant.

scholarly journals Perioperative Geriatric Assessment as A Predictor of Long-Term Hepatectomy Outcomes in Elderly Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 842
Author(s):  
Masaki Kaibori ◽  
Hideyuki Matsushima ◽  
Morihiko Ishizaki ◽  
Hisashi Kosaka ◽  
Kosuke Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Geriatric Assessment ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Score Change ◽  
Comorbidity Burden ◽  
Reduction Group

This retrospective study recorded pertinent baseline geriatric assessment variables to identify risk factors for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) after hepatectomy in 100 consecutive patients aged ≥70 years with hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients had geriatric assessments of cognition, nutritional and functional statuses, and comorbidity burden, both preoperatively and at six months postoperatively. The rate of change in each score between preoperative and postoperative assessments was calculated by subtracting the preoperative score from the score at six months postoperatively, then dividing by the score at six months postoperatively. Patients with score change ≥0 comprised the maintenance group, while patients with score change <0 comprised the reduction group. The change in Geriatric 8 (G8) score at six months postoperatively was the most significant predictive factor for RFS and OS among the tested geriatric assessments. Five-year RFS rates were 43.4% vs. 6.7% (maintenance vs. reduction group; HR, 0.19; 95%CI, 0.11–0.31; p < 0.001). Five-year OS rates were 73.8% vs. 17.8% (HR, 0.12; 95%CI, 0.06–0.25; p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that perioperative maintenance of G8 score was an independent prognostic indicator for both RFS and OS. Perioperative changes in G8 scores can help forecast postoperative long-term outcomes in these patients.

PETCO2 gradient: a novel prognostic parameter in cardiopulmonary exercise testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.D Poveda Pinedo ◽  
I Marco Clement ◽  
O Gonzalez ◽  
I Ponz ◽  
A.M Iniesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Prognostic Parameter ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Previous parameters such as peak VO2, VE/VCO2 slope and OUES have been described to be prognostic in heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was to identify further prognostic factors of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in HF patients. Methods A retrospective analysis of HF patients who underwent CPET from January to November 2019 in a single centre was performed. PETCO2 gradient was defined by the difference between final PETCO2 and baseline PETCO2. HF events were defined as decompensated HF requiring hospital admission or IV diuretics, or decompensated HF resulting in death. Results A total of 64 HF patients were assessed by CPET, HF events occurred in 8 (12.5%) patients. Baseline characteristics are shown in table 1. Patients having HF events had a negative PETCO2 gradient while patients not having events showed a positive PETCO2 gradient (−1.5 [IQR −4.8, 2.3] vs 3 [IQR 1, 5] mmHg; p=0.004). A multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis revealed that PETCO2 gradient was an independent predictor of HF events (HR 0.74, 95% CI [0.61–0.89]; p=0.002). Kaplan-Meier curves showed a significantly higher incidence of HF events in patients having negative gradients, p=0.002 (figure 1). Conclusion PETCO2 gradient was demonstrated to be a prognostic parameter of CPET in HF patients in our study. Patients having negative gradients had worse outcomes by having more HF events. Time to first event, decompensated heart Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Long-term systolic blood pressure and all-cause mortality in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: an analysis of the TOPCAT trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Huang ◽  
C Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) at admission or discharge was associated with poor outcomes in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, the optimal long-term SBP for HFpEF was less clear. Purpose To examine the association of long-term SBP and all-cause mortality among patients with HFpEF. Methods We analyzed participants from the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) study. Participants had at least two SBP measurements of different times during the follow-up were included. Long-term SBP was defined as the average of all SBP measurements during the follow-up. We stratified participants into four groups according to long-term SBP: &lt;120mmHg, ≥120mmHg and &lt;130mmHg, ≥130mmHg and &lt;140mmHg, ≥140mmHg. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause mortality associated with SBP level. To assess for nonlinearity, we fitted restricted cubic spline models of long-term SBP. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by confining participants with history of hypertension or those with left ventricular ejection fraction≥50%. Results The 3338 participants had a mean (SD) age of 68.5 (9.6) years; 51.4% were women, and 89.3% were White. The median long-term SBP was 127.3 mmHg (IQR 121–134.2, range 77–180.7). Patients in the SBP of &lt;120mmHg group were older age, less often female, less often current smoker, had higher estimated glomerular filtration rate, less often had history of hypertension, and more often had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atrial fibrillation. After multivariable adjustment, long-term SBP of 120–130mmHg and 130–140mmHg was associated with a lower risk of mortality during a mean follow-up of 3.3 years (HR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.49–0.85, P=0.001; HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50–0.88, P=0.004, respectively); long-term SBP of &lt;120mmHg had similar risk of mortality (HR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.78–1.36, P=0.836), compared with long-term SBP of ≥140mmHg. Findings from restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrate that there was J-shaped association between long-term SBP and all-cause mortality (P=0.02). These association was essentially unchanged in sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Among patients with HFpEF, long-term SBP showed a J-shaped pattern with all-cause mortality and a range of 120–140 mmHg was significantly associated with better outcomes. Future randomized controlled trials need to evaluate optimal long-term SBP goal in patients with HFpEF. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant (2019M660229 and 2019TQ0380)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document