Abstract P317: Serum Soy Isoflavones Are Inversely Associated With Coronary Artery Calcification In A Population-based Sample Of 299 Men In Japan

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Sekikawa ◽  
Katsuyuki Miura ◽  
Abhishek Vishnu ◽  
Akira Fujiyoshi ◽  
Rhobert W Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives: Epidemiological studies in Asia where consumption of soy isoflavones (ISF) are regular and high implicated that isoflavones are protective against coronary heart disease (CHD), especially in post-menopausal women. There is a lack of data on the association of isoflavones with atherosclerosis, especially in men. We aim to determine a cross sectional association of serum ISF with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in men in Japan. Methods: A population-based sample of 299 men aged 40-49 years in Japan was examined for CAC and other risk factors in 2002-06. Electron-beam CT was used to evaluate CAC. Stored serum samples were analyzed for ISF (genistein and daidzein). We defined serum ISFs as the sum of genistein and daidzein. Presence of CAC was defined as coronary calcium score ≥ 10. Because the distribution of serum ISF is skewed, we evaluated quartile of serum ISF and analyzed the association of ISF with the presence of CAC using a general linear model. Findings: The median value (interquartile range) of ISF was 517 (195, 1,147) nM/l. Serum ISF had a significant inverse association with CAC in crude analysis. After adjusting for age, LDL-C, smoking, and BMI, each of which had a significant univariate association with CAC, the inverse association of ISF with CAC remained, with littel change in point estimates. After further adjusting for other risk factors as well as serum levels of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, the inverse association remained. Conclusions: Serum levels of ISF in Japanese men in Japan had an inverse association of CAC, suggesting that ISF at the levels Japanese in Japan regularly consume have anti-atherogenic properties in men.

scholarly journals Significant inverse association of equol-producer status with coronary artery calcification but not dietary isoflavones in healthy Japanese men

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasudha Ahuja ◽  
Katsuyuki Miura ◽  
Abhishek Vishnu ◽  
Akira Fujiyoshi ◽  
Rhobert Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Multivariable Adjustment

AbstractEquol, a metabolite of the dietary isoflavone daidzein, is produced by the action of gut bacteria in some individuals who are termed as equol-producers. It is proposed to have stronger atheroprotective properties than dietary isoflavones. We examined a cross-sectional association of dietary isoflavones and equol-producer status with coronary artery calcification (CAC), a biomarker of coronary atherosclerosis, among men in Japan. A population-based sample of 272 Japanese men aged 40–49 years recruited from 2004 to 2007 was examined for serum isoflavones, serum equol, CAC and other factors. Equol-producers were classified as individuals having a serum level of equol >83 nm. The presence of CAC was defined as a coronary Ca score ≥10 Agatston units. The associations of dietary isoflavones and equol-producers with CAC were analysed using multiple logistic regression. The median of dietary isoflavones, equol and CAC were 512·7 (interquartile range (IQR) 194·1, 1170·0), 9·1 (IQR 0·10, 33·1) and 0·0 (IQR 0·0, 1·0) nm, respectively. Prevalence of CAC and equol-producers was 9·6 and 16·0 %, respectively. Dietary isoflavones were not significantly associated with CAC. After multivariable adjustment, the OR for the presence of CAC in equol-producers compared with equol non-producers was 0·10 (95 % CI 0·01, 0·90, P<0·04). Equol-producers had significantly lower CAC than equol non-producers, but there was no significant association between dietary isoflavones and CAC, suggesting that equol may be a key factor for atheroprotective properties of isoflavones in Japanese men. This finding must be confirmed in larger studies or clinical trials of equol that is now available as a dietary supplement.

Abstract P137: Association Of Equol Producing Capacity With Aortic Calcification In Middle-aged Japanese Men

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Akira Fujiyoshi ◽  
Aya Kadota ◽  
Vasudha Ahuja ◽  
Abhishek Vishnu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Aortic Calcification ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
The Us ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
20 Nm

Background: Soy isoflavones (ISFs) are regularly consumed in Japan and other Asian countries where some studies showed a significant inverse association of ISFs intake with incident coronary heart disease (CHD). However, a US randomized clinical trial did not find ISFs as anti-atherogenic. This discrepancy may be due to the higher capacity of people in Japan than in the US to produce equol, a metabolite of ISF by the gut microbiome. Equol may have greater anti-atherogenic properties than ISFs. It is unknown whether equol producers (EP), people who produce equol after consuming ISF, have lower aortic calcification (AC), a biomarker of atherosclerosis, as compared to non-EP. Aim: To determine the association between equol producing status and AC in Japanese men. Method: This cross-sectional, population-based study included 302 Japanese men aged 40-49, free of CHD. EP was defined as participants with serum levels of equol ≥20 nM. AC was measured in the entire aorta and quantified by the Agatston method. The presence of AC was defined as AC score ≥10. We analyzed the association between equol producing status and AC using the Tobit and the logistic regressions. Result: We observed 125 participants as EP. In multivariable analyses, EP had non-significantly lower AC score by 147 (95% confidence interval (CI): -386, 92) units and an odds ratio of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.40, 1.26) for the AC presence as compared to non-EP. As significant interaction of equol producing status with age was present, we stratified the analyses by the median age. In men aged 45-49 years, EP had non-significantly lower AC score by 246 units and a non-significant 0.62 times the odds of AC presence as compared to non-EP; the corresponding values in men aged 40-44 were 12 units and 0.91 times (Table). Such an association was not observed with serum ISFs (data not shown). Conclusion: Japanese middle-aged men who were EP had non-significantly lower AC than non-EP and such association was stronger in men aged 45-49 than 40-44 years. Further study with much larger sample size is warranted.

scholarly journals Correlation between Osteoprotegerin Serum Level and Coronary Calcification Using Coronary Artery Calcium Score in Patient with Moderate–Severe Cardiovascular Risk Factor

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (04) ◽  
pp. 234-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widorini Widorini ◽  
J. Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcium ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Coronary Calcification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

AbstractCoronary artery calcification is a part of atherosclerosis process associated with coronary heart disease. Recently, coronary artery calcification assessment using computed tomography (CT) is still the best noninvasive imaging with high sensitivity and specificity. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is one of vascular calcification marker that through its role to bind receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ ligand and inhibit osteoclastogenesis is suspected of playing a role for coronary calcification in atherosclerosis process. The objective of this study was to prove a positive correlation between OPG serum level and coronary calcification using coronary artery calcium (CAC) score in patient with moderate–severe cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. This is a cross-sectional study with purposive sampling technique. Thirty-three subjects participate in this research and each subject underwent a multislice computed tomography (MSCT) examination to assess coronary calcification and their blood samples were collected for OPG measurement. This study is analyzed with Spearman's correlation test. The mean of OPG serum level in this study was 5.89 ± 2.1 pmol/L for moderate-risk Framingham risk score (FRS) and the mean of OPG serum level for high-risk FRS was 7.27 ± 3.4. There was a positive, moderate, and significant correlation between OPG serum level and coronary calcification using CAC score in patient with moderate–severe CV risk factor (r = 0.694; p < 0.001).

scholarly journals Association between Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Coronary Artery Calcification Progression in Korean Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Sun Nam ◽  
Min Kyung Kim ◽  
Joo Young Nam ◽  
Kahui Park ◽  
Shinae Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Korean Adults

Abstract Background Dyslipidemia is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recently, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has been proposed as a novel predictive marker for CVD, and there are few cross sectional studies that demonstrated a relationship between AIP and coronary artery disease. We investigated the association between AIP and the progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in Korean adults without CVD. Methods A total of 1,124 participants who had undergone CAC measurement at least twice by multi-detector CT in a health care center were enrolled. Anthropometric profiles and multiple cardiovascular risk factors were assessed. The AIP was defined as the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the concentration of TG to HDL-C. The CAC progression was defined as either incident CAC in a CAC-free population at baseline or an increase of ≥ 2.5 units between the square roots of the baseline and follow-up coronary artery calcium scores (CACS) among subjects with detectable CAC at baseline Results CAC progression was observed in 290 subjects (25.8%) during the mean 4.2 years of follow-up. All subjects were stratified into three groups according to AIP. There were significant differences in cardiovascular parameters among the groups at baseline. The follow-up CAC and the incidence of CAC progression increased gradually with the rising AIP tertiles. In the logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for CAC progression was 2.27 when comparing the highest to the lowest tertile of the AIP (95% CI: 1.61-3.19; P for trend <0.01). However, this association was attenuated after adjustment for multiple risk factors (P for trend = 0.67). Conclusions There is a significant correlation between AIP and CAC and its progression in subjects without CVD, but AIP is not an independent predictor of CAC progression.

scholarly journals Atherogenic index of plasma and coronary artery calcification progression beyond traditional risk factors according to baseline coronary artery calcium score

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Bum Won ◽  
Donghee Han ◽  
Ji Hyun Lee ◽  
Su-Yeon Choi ◽  
Eun Ju Chun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcium ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcium Score ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the association between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), which has been suggested as a novel marker for atherosclerosis, and coronary artery calcification (CAC) progression according to the baseline coronary artery calcium score (CACS). We included 12,326 asymptomatic Korean adults who underwent at least two CAC evaluations from December 2012 to August 2016. Participants were stratified into four groups according to AIP quartiles, which were determined by the log of (triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Baseline CACSs were divided into three groups: 0, 1 − 100, and > 100. CAC progression was defined as a difference ≥ 2.5 between the square roots (√) of the baseline and follow-up CACSs (Δ√transformed CACS). Annualized Δ√transformed CACS was defined as Δ√transformed CACS divided by the inter-scan period. During a mean 3.3-year follow-up period, the overall incidence of CAC progression was 30.6%. The incidences of CAC progression and annualized Δ√transformed CACS were markedly elevated with increasing AIP quartile in participants with baseline CACSs of 0 and 1 − 100, but not in those with a baseline CACS > 100. The AIP level was associated with the annualized Δ√transformed CACS in participants with baseline CACSs of 0 (β = 0.016; P < 0.001) and 1 − 100 (β = 0.035; P < 0.001), but not in those with baseline CACS > 100 (β = 0.032; P = 0.385). After adjusting for traditional risk factors, the AIP was significantly associated with CAC progression in those with baseline CACS ≤ 100. The AIP has value for predicting CAC progression in asymptomatic adults without heavy baseline CAC.

Infection risk factors associated with seropositivity forToxoplasma gondiiin a population-based study in the Central Region, Ghana

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (9) ◽  
pp. 1904-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. ABU ◽  
J. N. BOAMPONG ◽  
I. AYI ◽  
G. GHARTEY-KWANSAH ◽  
R. AFOAKWAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Infection Risk Factors

SUMMARYAbout 20–90% of the world's population has had contact withToxoplasma gondiiparasites. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated withT. gondiiinfection in the Central Region, Ghana. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in three selected communities. Serum samples were tested for the presence of anti-T. gondiiIgG and IgM antibodies by ELISA. A serological criterion for seropositivity was a positive test result for any of the two anti-ToxoplasmaIgG or IgM antibodies or a combination of both. In all, 390 participants of mean age 47·0 years consisting of 118 (30·3%) males and 272 (69·7%) females were tested. The overall seroprevalence ofT. gondiiwas 85% (333/390) where fishermen, farmers and fishmongers, respectively, had the highest seropositivity. IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in 329 (84%) and 25 (6%), respectively, while both IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in 21 (5%) of the participants. Respectively, 1% (4/390) and 79% (308/390) of participants tested positive for IgM-only and IgG-only antibodies. There was a significant relationship betweenToxoplasmaseropositivity and contact with soil, presence of a cat in the surrounding area, age, sources of drinking water, level of formal education, and socioeconomic status. The results suggest that the seashore may serve as a good ground for sporulation and survival ofToxoplasmaoocysts.

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with coronary artery calcification among asymptomatic adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Huynh ◽  
Thomas H Marwick ◽  
Prasanna Venkataraman ◽  
Luke D Knibbs ◽  
Fay H Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Very High

Abstract Aims We investigated the effects of exposure to very low levels of particulate matter &lt;2.5 µm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on coronary calcium score (CCS) in asymptomatic adults who are free of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods and results This study included 606 asymptomatic adults (49% men, aged 56±7 years) recruited from communities in three states of Australia during 2017–2018. CCS was measured using coronary computed tomography scan at recruitment. Annual PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations were estimated on the year before recruitment using statistical exposure models and assigned to each participant’s residential address. Medical history, physical measurements, biochemistry, and sociodemographic and socioeconomic status were also recorded. Median concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2 were 6.9 µg/m3 [interquartile range (IQR) 6.0–7.7)] and 3.1 ppb [IQR 2.2–4.5], respectively. Of the 606 participants, 16% had high CCS (≥100) and 4% had very high CCS (≥400). Exposure to higher PM2.5 (per µg/m3) was significantly associated with greater odds of having high CCS (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02–1.43) and very high CCS (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.05–2.29). Similar associations were observed for NO2 and high CCS (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.27) and very high CCS (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07–1.51). These findings were robust to adjustment for sociodemographic factors, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, renal function, education, and socio-economic status. Conclusions Ambient air pollution even at low concentration was associated with degree of coronary artery calcification among asymptomatic low cardiovascular risk adults, independent of other risk factors. These findings suggest that air pollution is one of the residual risk factors of CAD.

scholarly journals Regional Variations in Risk Factors for Asthma in School Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A Lawson ◽  
Donna C Rennie ◽  
Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan ◽  
Donald W Cockcroft ◽  
Helen H McDuffie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
School Children ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND: The authors have previously reported an increased prevalence of asthma in Estevan, Saskatchewan (21.4%) compared with Swift Current, Saskatchewan (16.2%).OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between asthma and personal and indoor environmental risk factors in these communities.METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2000. A questionnaire was distributed to school children in grades 1 to 6 for completion by a parent. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations between various risk factors and physician-diagnosed asthma.RESULTS: Asthma was associated with respiratory allergy (adjusted OR [adjOR]=8.85, 95% CI 6.79 to 11.54), early respiratory illness (adjOR=2.81, 95% CI 1.96 to 4.03) and family history of asthma (adjOR=2.37, 95% CI 1.67 to 3.36). Several environmental factors varied with asthma by town. In Estevan, asthma was associated with home mould or dampness (adjOR=1.82, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.69) and was inversely associated with air conditioning (adjOR=0.56, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.85). The risk of asthma was increased if the child had previous exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from the mother in both communities (Swift Current: OR=1.87, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.30; Estevan: OR=2.00, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.43), and there was an inverse association with current exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from the mother in Estevan (OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.00). When multivariate analyses were stratified by sex, the relationship between home mould or dampness and asthma was most prominent in girls in Estevan.CONCLUSIONS: Despite a similar regional location, different risk factors for asthma were identified in each community. Local environmental factors are important to consider when interpreting findings and planning asthma care.

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