Abstract 215: New Mannequin Made by Recyclable Plastic Bottles for Training Thoracic Compressions at Schools

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnaldo Piscopo ◽  
Isabella C Piscopo ◽  
Alvaro AVEZUM ◽  
Ibrain M Pinto ◽  
Francisco K Saraiva
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chest Compressions ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Plastic Bottle ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cpr Training ◽  
Previous Training ◽  
Recycled Material

Introduction: The teaching of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) in schools is already established by the "Kids Save Lives".A low-cost mannequin with the possibility of using recycled material may be a new means of training for children and young people in low-income areas. Objectives: To develop a low-cost mannequin derived from recycled material and evaluate its ability to demonstrate simulations of chest compressions for children and young people. Methods: Development of the model of a low fidelity mannequin made by children in a standard platform based on a plastic bottle (PET) inserted in a T-shirt with other recycled materials such as paper and Styrofoam. The compression simulation test was conducted by a randomized, single-blind study with the inclusion of volunteers at a high school. The children, without previous training in CPR, were randomized to one of the training arms of Laerdal’s Litle Anne mannequin (L) or plastic bottle mannequin (PB). The compression test was performed on a multi-sport court, during 60 minutes, through a video demonstration of CPR with emphasis on chest compressions. The two groups were balanced in age and gender. After the training, all students underwent a test on the Anne Quality Laedal mannequin with two minutes of chest compressions supervised by an instructor (blind to the previous training), that evaluate the frequency of the compressions, correct position of the hands, mean time without compression, total number of compressions and mean depth of compressions. Results: A total of 88 children and young people with a mean age of 14 years of both genders were included. Forty children trained with the L mannequin and 48 with the PB. The variable depth of compression showed differences between the trained groups, where the PB model was 4.1 points higher than the L model (p=0.012) without being able to affirm that there was an effect on the item depth sufficient (p=0.077). Others variables did not present differences between groups. Conclusion: The PB mannequins have very low cost and can be a new model for CPR training in schools. On the compressions ability, only the depth variable was superior in the PB model, perhaps due to the greater similarity of the mannequin to human chest strength.

scholarly journals Holiday Club Programmes in Northern Ireland: The Voices of Children and Young People

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1337
Author(s):  
Jackie Shinwell ◽  
Ellen Finlay ◽  
Caitlin Allen ◽  
Margaret Anne Defeyter
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Young People ◽  
School Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
High Level

In Northern Ireland, nearly 30% of children are thought to be at risk of going hungry in the summer holidays when they are unable to access free school meals. Community groups, voluntary groups, local authorities, and faith groups have responded to this concern by developing and delivering holiday programmes that enable children from low-income families to take part in activities and access food. The current study used purposive sampling to investigate children’s and young people’s views of holiday provision, from across three holiday clubs, in Northern Ireland. Both primary school children (n = 34; aged 4–11) and secondary school children (n = 31; aged 12–17) showed high levels of awareness of poverty and food insecurity and associated pressures and stresses on households. Importantly, children and young people did not feel stigmatised about attending holiday provision, suggesting a positive and inclusive culture towards holiday club attendance. Children reported that they enjoyed the range of activities provided at holiday clubs and reported that attendance improved their self-confidence, especially for some older children, who acted as peer mentors to younger attendees, helped them to develop new skills, and provided them with opportunities to socialise with peers in a safe environment, out with their normal social groupings in school. Older children showed a high level of shrewdness and knowledge of sectarian divides in communities but spoke positively about how different religious or cultural backgrounds did not matter in terms of meeting and making new friends in holiday club settings. In terms of food provision, the findings of this study suggest that further work needs to be done to support children to access and eat healthy, nutritious food.

Thinking about ethnicity and gender diversity in children and young people

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastasja M de Graaf ◽  
Ilham I Manjra ◽  
Anna Hames ◽  
Claudia Zitz
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ethnicity Data

Background: Little is known about how social and cultural variants interact with gender identity development. This article aims to identify the ethnicities of children and young people referred to the United Kingdom’s national Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS), and compare the ethnicity data with the UK child population and referrals to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). Methods: GIDS referrals made between April 2012 and April 2015 for children and young people were retrieved. Ethnicity data were obtained by the ‘16 + 1’ ethnicity list. Chi-square and t-tests were performed on the demographics. Results: Less than 10% of the 995 referrals at GIDS were from Black and minority ethnic (BME) groups – an underrepresentation as compared with both the national population and CAMHS figures. No significant differences in ethnic representation were found between the demographic birth-assigned sexes, across age groups, or year of referral. Conclusions: Hypotheses proposed for this underrepresentation take into account both the potential barriers to accessing services and the possibility of cross-cultural variations in the conceptualisations of gender, gender roles and gender diversity. Ethnicity, culture and religion, and their overlapping relationship with gender need further exploration.

Abstract 17385: CPR Education in High-need Schools to Increase Student Knowledge and Comfort Performing CPR

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Heard ◽  
Comilla Sasson
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Classroom Teacher ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Bystander Cpr ◽  
Cpr Training

Introduction: Low-income neighborhoods are important targets for CPR trainings as they typically have high incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and low prevalence of bystander CPR. Training middle school students in these neighborhoods is a novel intervention to increase CPR awareness. Objective: Conduct a school-based CPR intervention using classroom teachers as facilitators at 1131 middle schools across the United States with a high proportion of students from lower-income families. Methods: Population: 1131 public middle and high schools in 34 states (including the District of Columbia) were selected for the 2014-2015 school year to participate based on close proximity to sponsor’s U.S. store locations and 50% or more student eligibility for free or reduced-price lunch. Intervention: Participants completed a pre-test survey to assess baseline knowledge of CPR and comfort performing CPR. A classroom Hands-Only CPR training lasting one class period was conducted with the CPR in Schools Training Kit™, which includes an educational DVD, 10 manikins and resources for any classroom teacher to conduct trainings. Participants then completed post-training knowledge and comfort survey. McNemar’s tests on paired data and chi square and t-tests on aggregated unpaired data were conducted to assess for differences in CPR knowledge and comfort performing CPR pre- and post-training. Results: Training data were returned by 563 (49.8%) participating schools training a total of 150,409 students in Hands-Only CPR. Using a sample of returned data, the mean number of questions answered correctly on CPR knowledge increased from 2.5 to 4.2 (out of 5). The majority of participants (75.8%) felt comfortable performing Hands-Only CPR after the intervention. Conclusion: A total of 150,409 students from 563 schools were trained in Hands-Only CPR (average 267 students/CPR in Schools Training Kit). At $625 per CPR in Schools Training Kit (with 10 manikins and materials), training cost $4.70 for each student trained. Participants demonstrated increased knowledge of and comfort performing CPR. The CPR in Schools Training Kit is a low cost and promising method for increasing bystander CPR awareness in the student population in low-income neighborhoods.

Gender dysphoria and the controversy over the Safe Schools program

Sexual Health ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Safe Schools ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
And Gender

The Safe Schools program has attracted great controversy. On one end of the spectrum, it is defended as an anti-bullying program for young people who identify themselves as gay or lesbian, or have issues concerning their gender identity. On the other end of the spectrum, it is regarded as social engineering. This article seeks to promote a discussion of the way in which gender identity issues are addressed in the Safe Schools program. It is argued that the information in this program to Principals, teachers and young people is inaccurate and misleading. The program, as presently designed, may actually cause harm to children and young people who experience gender identity issues because it promotes gender transitioning without expert medical advice. The Safe Schools materials do not acknowledge that the great majority of children resolve gender dysphoria issues around the time of puberty. It may be much more difficult for a child to accept his or her gender at puberty if he or she has already changed name and gender identity in primary school. These deficits need to be addressed if the program is to continue.

scholarly journals Beyond the Disease: Contextualized Implications of COVID-19 for Children and Young People Living in Eastern and Southern Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaymarlin Govender ◽  
Richard G. Cowden ◽  
Patrick Nyamruze ◽  
Russell Armstrong ◽  
Luann Hatane
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Eastern And Southern Africa ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The COVID-19 pandemic has created extraordinary challenges and prompted remarkable social changes around the world. The implications of the novel coronavirus and the public health control measures that have been implemented to mitigate its impact are likely to be accompanied by a unique set of consequences for specific populations living in low income-countries that have fragile health systems and pervasive social-structural vulnerabilities. This paper discusses the implications of COVID-19 and related public health interventions for children and young people living in Eastern and Southern Africa. Actionable prevention, care, and health promotion initiatives are proposed to attenuate the negative effects of the pandemic and government-enforced movement restrictions on children and young people.

scholarly journals Participation-performance tension and gender affect recreational sports clubs’ engagement with children and young people with diverse backgrounds and abilities

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0214537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Spaaij ◽  
Dean Lusher ◽  
Ruth Jeanes ◽  
Karen Farquharson ◽  
Sean Gorman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Recreational Sports ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Fifteen-minute consultation in the normal child: Challenges relating to sexuality and gender identity in children and young people

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O’Neill ◽  
Justin Wakefield
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
And Gender

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT+) young people face several challenges in their daily lives, including specific healthcare inequalities. Negative societal attitudes towards sexual and gender minorities, and the effects of regular experiences of bullying and homophobia/transphobia exacerbate the normal trials and tribulations of childhood and adolescence. Barriers to accessing healthy activities, such as sport, are created by perceived stigma and real-life experiences. Healthcare environments are by default heteronormative and contribute to the isolation and exclusion of LGBT+ young people. Paediatricians are well placed to act on these healthcare inequalities and to advocate for LGBT+ youth, through simple changes to individual practice as well as system-wide improvements.

scholarly journals Sustainable and low-cost automated greenhouse prototype with a social focus for integral formation

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Norma Angélica ÁLVAREZ-TORRES ◽  
Omar VELARDE-ANAYA ◽  
Mario Balvanedo RODRÍGUEZ-ARENAS ◽  
Sara TORRES-ÁLVAREZ
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Social Sector ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Electronic Control System ◽  
The Social

A low-cost automated greenhouse prototype was developed, which can be installed on rooftops, gardens, and even commercial greenhouses. This work was carried out through the use of an electronic control system, and a user interface, which allows it to be used by children, young people or adults of the Private Assistance Institution (IAP) "Manitas que hablan", contributing to the cultivation of flowers, herbs, fruits and vegetables. Surveys, experimental and observation was applied wish methodology of during the development of this project, to know the needs of the agricultural sector and to integrate the components of the systems for the automated greenhouse. The study demonstrates the feasibility of collaborative work in the development of a prototype that allows the germination of seeds and harvest of crops, and the importance of providing support to the social sector, promoting urban gardens for the integration of children and young people in this activity, achieving better health and food safety for the future.

scholarly journals The impact of cash transfers on mental health in children and young people in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e004661
Author(s):  
Annie Zimmerman ◽  
Emily Garman ◽  
Mauricio Avendano-Pabon ◽  
Ricardo Araya ◽  
Sara Evans-Lacko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Young People ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionAlthough cash transfer programmes are not explicitly designed to improve mental health, by reducing poverty and improving the life chances of children and young people, they may also improve their mental health. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the evidence on the effectiveness of cash transfers to improve the mental health of children and young people in low-income and middle-income countries.MethodsWe searched Pubmed, EBSCOhost, Scientific Electronic Library Online, ISI Web of Science and Social Sciences Citation Index and grey literature (from January 2000 to July 2020) for studies which quantitatively assessed the impact of cash transfers on mental health in young people (aged 0–24 years), using a design that incorporated a control group. We extracted Cohen’s d effects size and used a random-effects model for the meta-analysis on studies that measured depressive symptoms, I2 statistic and assessment of study quality.ResultsWe identified 12 116 articles for screening, of which 12 were included in the systematic review (covering 13 interventions) and seven in the meta-analysis assessing impact on depressive symptoms specifically. There was high heterogeneity (I2=95.2) and a high risk of bias (0.38, 95% CIs: −5.08 to 5.85; p=0.86) across studies. Eleven interventions (85%) showed a significant positive impact of cash transfers on at least one mental health outcome in children and young people. However, no study found a positive effect on all mental health outcomes examined, and the meta-analysis showed no impact of cash transfers on depressive symptoms (0.02, 95% CIs: −0.19 to 0.23; p=0.85).ConclusionCash transfers may have positive effects on some mental health outcomes for young people, with no negative effects identified. However, there is high heterogeneity across studies, with some interventions showing no effects. Our review highlights how the effect of cash transfers may vary by social and economic context, culture, design, conditionality and mental health outcome.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document