Abstract 9774: Shockable Rhythms Are Common First Rhythms in Cardiac Arrests Involving Patient with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hooks ◽  
Stephanie Joppa ◽  
Albertine Beard ◽  
Selcuk Adabag
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Initial Rhythm ◽  
Va Health Care System ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is responsible from 25% of the total mortality in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Whether SCD in HFpEF is due to shockable or unshockable rhythms is unknown. Hypothesis: Cardiac arrests in HFpEF are due to ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF). Methods: We determined the initial rhythm in 286 consecutive in-hospital cardiac arrests at the Minneapolis VA Health Care system from 2011 through 2020. Clinical and survival information were obtained from electronic health records. According to their heart failure history, we categorized the patients as HFpEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or no heart failure (NoHF). Results: Of the 286 patients (mean age 70.2±9.0 years old and 97.5% male), 51 (17.8%) had HFpEF, 77 (26.9%) had HFrEF and 158 (55.2%) had NoHF. The initial rhythm was VT/VF in 47.1%, 39.0% and 22.2% of patients with HFpEF, HFrEF and NoHF respectively (p<0.001) (Figure). Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after VT/VF arrest was similar amongst the three groups (66.7%, 73.3% and 74.3%, respectively; p=0.8) but the 30-day survival trended higher in HFpEF (54.2%) and NoHF (48.6%) when compared with HFrEF (26.7%) (p=0.08)(Figure). Among patients with HFpEF, 30-day survival was lower after cardiac arrests due to PEA/Asystole when compared to those due to VT/VF (18.5% vs. 54.2%, respectively, p=0.03). Conclusion: VT/VF was the initial rhythm in 47% of patients with HFpEF who had in-hospital cardiac arrest. The proportion of VT/VF and ROSC after in-hospital cardiac arrest was similar in HFpEF and HFrEF. These data provide one more piece of evidence that SCD could be a therapeutic target in HFpEF.

Abstract 12849: Changes in N-terminal Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels Predicts Mortality and Heart Failure Hospitalization in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Savarese ◽  
Camilla Hage ◽  
Ulf Dahlström ◽  
Pasquale Perrone-Filardi ◽  
Lars H Lund
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Changes in N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) have been demonstrated to correlate with outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction (EF). However the prognostic value of a change in NT-proBNP in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is unknown. Hypothesis: To assess the impact of changes in NT-proBNP on all-cause mortality, HF hospitalization and their composite in an unselected population of patients with HFPEF. Methods: 643 outpatients (age 72+12 years; 41% females) with HFPEF (ejection fraction ≥40%) enrolled in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry between 2005 and 2012 and reporting NT-proBNP levels assessment at initial registration and at follow-up were prospectively studied. Patients were divided into 2 groups according the median value of NT-proBNP absolute change that was 0 pg/ml. Median follow-up from first measurement was 2.25 years (IQR: 1.43 to 3.81). Adjusted Cox’s regression models were performed using total mortality, HF hospitalization (with censoring at death) and their composite as outcomes. Results: After adjustments for 19 baseline variables including baseline NT-proBNP, as compared with an increase in NT-proBNP levels at 6 months (NT-proBNP change>0 pg/ml), a reduction in NT-proBNP levels (NT-proBNP change<0 pg/ml) was associated with a 45.2% reduction in risk of all-cause death (HR: 0.548; 95% CI: 0.378 to 0.796; p:0.002), a 50.1% reduction in risk of HF hospitalization (HR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.362 to 0.689; p<0.001) and a 42.6% reduction in risk of the composite outcome (HR: 0.574; 95% CI: 0.435 to 0.758; p<0.001)(Figure). Conclusions: Reductions in NT-proBNP levels over time are independently associated with an improved prognosis in HFPEF patients. Changes in NT-proBNP could represent a surrogate outcome in phase 2 HFPEF trials.

Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Omote ◽  
Frederik H. Verbrugge ◽  
Barry A. Borlaug
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Approximately half of all patients with heart failure (HF) have a preserved ejection fraction, and the prevalence is growing rapidly given the aging population in many countries and the rising prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Functional capacity and quality of life are severely impaired in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and morbidity and mortality are high. In striking contrast to HF with reduced ejection fraction, there are few effective treatments currently identified for HFpEF, and these are limited to decongestion by diuretics, promotion of a healthy active lifestyle, and management of comorbidities. Improved phenotyping of subgroups within the overall HFpEF population might enhance individualization of treatment. This review focuses on the current understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying HFpEF and treatment strategies for this complex syndrome. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Medicine, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Targeting Endothelial Function to Treat Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: The Promise of Exercise Training

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas B. Gevaert ◽  
Katrien Lemmens ◽  
Christiaan J. Vrints ◽  
Emeline M. Van Craenenbroeck
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction

Although the burden of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasing, there is no therapy available that improves prognosis. Clinical trials using beta blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, cardiac-targeting drugs that reduce mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), have had disappointing results in HFpEF patients. A new “whole-systems” approach has been proposed for designing future HFpEF therapies, moving focus from the cardiomyocyte to the endothelium. Indeed, dysfunction of endothelial cells throughout the entire cardiovascular system is suggested as a central mechanism in HFpEF pathophysiology. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of current knowledge regarding endothelial dysfunction in HFpEF. We discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to endothelial dysfunction and the extent, presence, and prognostic importance of clinical endothelial dysfunction in different vascular beds. We also consider implications towards exercise training, a promising therapy targeting system-wide endothelial dysfunction in HFpEF.

scholarly journals Clinical Significance of Mean and Pulse Pressure in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Fei Wei ◽  
Yuzhong Wu ◽  
Ruicong Xue ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Xin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

It remains debated whether pulse pressure is associated with left ventricular traits and adverse outcomes over and beyond mean arterial pressure (MAP) in patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction. We investigated these associations in 3428 patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (51.5% women; mean age, 68.6 years) enrolled in the TOPCAT trial (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist). We computed association sizes and hazards ratios with 1-SD increase in MAP and pulse pressure. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, association sizes ( P ≤0.039) for MAP were 0.016 cm and 0.014 cm for septal and posterior wall thickness, −0.15 for E/A ratio, −0.66 for E/e′, and −0.64% for ejection fraction, independent of pulse pressure. With adjustment additionally applied for MAP, E/A ratio and longitudinal strain increased with higher pulse pressure with association sizes amounting to 0.067 ( P =0.026) and 0.40% ( P =0.023). In multivariable-adjusted analyses of both placebo and spironolactone groups, lower MAP and higher pulse pressure predicted the primary composite end point ( P ≤0.028) and hospitalized HF ( P ≤0.002), whereas MAP was also significantly associated with total mortality ( P ≤0.007). Sensitivity analyses stratified by sex, median age, and region generated confirmatory results with exception for the association of adverse outcomes with pulse pressure in patients with age ≥69 years. In conclusion, the clinical application of MAP and pulse pressure may refine risk estimates in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction. This finding may help further investigation for the development of HF with preserved ejection fraction preventive strategies targeting pulsatility and blood pressure control.

Abstract 19228: Cost-effectiveness of the CardioMems Implantable Pulmonary Artery Pressure Monitoring System in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander T Sandhu ◽  
Jeremy D Goldhaber-Fiebert ◽  
Mintu P Turakhia ◽  
Daniel W Kaiser ◽  
Paul A Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Nyha Class ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Heart Failure Hospitalization ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Cost

Background: For management of heart failure, the value of the CardioMems device remains uncertain. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of the CardioMems device. Methods: We developed a Markov model to determine quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), cost, and cost-effectiveness of patients with heart failure receiving CardioMems implantation compared to those with routine care. In the main case analysis, we modeled the intervention in the CHAMPION trial cohort, which included patients with NYHA Class III heart failure with a heart failure hospitalization within the past twelve months. We also performed subgroup analyses of patients with preserved ejection fraction or reduced ejection fraction, and a scenario analysis of a second cohort of patients from the CHARM trials with a previous heart failure hospitalization. We obtained event rates and utilities from published trial data; we used costs from literature estimates and Medicare payment data. The main case analysis was calibrated to the hospitalization and survival rates of the CHAMPION trial. Results: In the CHAMPION trial main case analysis, CardioMems reduced lifetime hospitalizations (2.37 versus 3.27), increased months of survival (67 versus 62), increased QALYs (2.66 versus 2.38) and increased costs ($171,132 versus $154,084), yielding a cost of $59,520 per QALY gained or $40,301 per life-year gained. The cost per QALY gained was $71,964 in patients with reduced ejection fraction compared to $34,899 in those with preserved ejection fraction. In less ill patients from the CHARM trials, which included patients with NYHA Class II heart failure, the device cost increased to $110,565 per QALY gained. If the device cost decreased from $17,500 in the main case analysis to $15,000, the intervention would cost less than $50,000 per QALY gained. The duration of effectiveness was initially assumed to be lifelong; if less than 29 months, CardioMems would cost more than $150,000 per QALY gained. Conclusion: The CardioMems device is cost-effective in populations similar to the CHAMPION trial, with a cost of less than $100,000 per QALY gained, if durability of device effectiveness is sustained. Post-marketing surveillance data on the device’s durability will further clarify its value.

Abstract 18070: Therapies Optimizing Organ Perfusion and Protection After Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Improves Survival With Favorable Neurologic Outcome

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Jacobs ◽  
Leo S Derevin ◽  
Sue Duval ◽  
James E Pointer ◽  
Karl A Sporer
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cerebral Performance Category ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Neurological Function ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Advanced Airway ◽  
Initial Rhythm ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: Survival rates with favorable neurologic function after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have remained low for decades. Hypothesis: Use of therapies focused on better perfusion during CPR using mechanical adjuncts and protective post-resuscitation care would improve survival and neurologic outcomes after OHCA compared to conventional CPR and care. Methods: OHCA outcomes in Alameda County, CA, USA, population 1.5 million, from December 2009-2011 when there was incomplete availability and use of impedance threshold device [ITD], mechanical CPR [MCPR], and hospital therapeutic hypothermia [HTH], were compared to 2012 when all were available and more widely used. Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC), survival and Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) scores were compared using univariate and multivariable analyses. Results: Of the 3008 non-traumatic OHCAs who received CPR during the study period, >95% of survival outcome data were available. From 2009-11 to 2012, there was an increase in ROSC from 28.6% to 34.1% (p=0.002; OR=1.28; CI=1.09, 1.51) and a non-significant increase in hospital discharge from 10.5% to 12.3% (p=0.14; OR=1.17; CI=0.92, 1.49). There was, however, an 80% increase in survival with favorable neurological function between the two periods, as determined by CPC≤2, from 4.4% to 7.9% (p<0.001; unadjusted OR=1.85; CI=1.35, 2.54). After adjusting for witnessed arrest, bystander CPR, initial rhythm (VT/VF vs. others), placement of an advanced airway, EMS response time, and age, the adjusted OR was 1.60 (1.11, 2.31; p=0.012). Using a stepwise regression model, the most important independent positive predictors of CPC≤2 were 2012 (p=0.019), witnessed (p<0.001), initial rhythm VT/VF (p<0.001), and advanced airway (inverse association p<0.001). Additional analyses of the three therapies, separately and in combination, demonstrated that for all patients admitted to the hospital, ITD use with HTH had the most impact on survival to discharge with CPC≤2 of 24%. Conclusions: Therapies (ITD, MCPR, HTH) developed to enhance circulation during CPR and cerebral recovery after ROSC, significantly improved survival with favorable neurological function by 80% following OHCA.

Abstract 17264: Predictive Value of Plasma Ceramide C24:0/C16:0 Ratio in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in the TOPCAT Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda R Peterson ◽  
Xuntian Jiang ◽  
Hannah Campbell ◽  
Sharon Cresci
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Confidence Bounds ◽  
Liquid Chromatograph ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is an “emerging epidemic” as nearly half of all patients with HF have HFpEF. However, most HF biomarkers, including plasma brain natriuretic peptide, have less robust utility in HFpEF than in those with HF with reduced ejection fraction. In order to better understand HFpEF and its associated morbidity and mortality, it is vital to identify robust biomarkers that predict outcomes in patients who suffer from HFpEF. Ceramides are bioactive lipids involved in signaling, cell death programs, mitochondrial function, and cell structure. Our group showed that the ratio of specific plasma ceramides (C24:0/C16:0) is inversely related to primary incident HF and to death in large community-based cohorts. Whether plasma C24:0/C16:0 has utility in prediction of secondary events/outcomes in patients with HFpEF is unclear. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that there is an association between plasma C24:0/16:0 ratio and outcomes in HFpEF. Methods: Data and plasma was obtained from 477 subjects in the TOPCAT study via the BioLINCC biobank. Plasma ceramides C24:0 and C16:0 were measured using targeted liquid chromatograph/tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Inclusion criteria for TOPCAT was age >50 years, ejection fraction of 45% or higher and diagnosis of HF. Subjects were randomized to treatment with spironolactone or placebo. In the 477 subjects who provided samples to BioLINCC, the mean age was 69.3 years; 47% were women; 43.9% were from the United States; 94.4% had hypertension; 31 were African American. Mean follow-up was 3.3 years. Univariate analysis showed that time to hospitalization for heart failure was inversely related to plasma C24:0/C16:0 concentration (Hazard ratio 0.901 [Confidence bounds 0.82,0.99], P = 0.026. Conclusions: Plasma ceramide (C24:0/C16:0) is inversely related to time to hospitalization in patients with HFpEF. Plasma C24:0/C16:0 may be a useful new biomarker in HFpEF and may point to novel, targetable pathophysiologic pathways .

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document