New Robotics: Design Principles for Intelligent Systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Pfeifer ◽  
Fumiya Iida ◽  
Josh Bongard
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Building Systems ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Robotics Design ◽  
And Control

New robotics is an approach to robotics that, in contrast to traditional robotics, employs ideas and principles from biology. While in the traditional approach there are generally accepted methods (e.g., from control theory), designing agents in the new robotics approach is still largely considered an art. In recent years, we have been developing a set of heuristics, or design principles, that on the one hand capture theoretical insights about intelligent (adaptive) behavior, and on the other provide guidance in actually designing and building systems. In this article we provide an overview of all the principles but focus on the principles of ecological balance, which concerns the relation between environment, morphology, materials, and control, and sensory-motor coordination, which concerns self-generated sensory stimulation as the agent interacts with the environment and which is a key to the development of high-level intelligence. As we argue, artificial evolution together with morphogenesis is not only “nice to have” but is in fact a necessary tool for designing embodied agents.

Abstract 258: Did We Already Reach the Best Achievable Quality of Chest Compression in Vienna?

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Zeiner
Keyword(s):  
Chest Compression ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Ambulance Service ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hands On ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

INTRODUCTION: Annually ~45 citizens per 100,000 have no signs of circulation and are assessed by teams of the Vienna Ambulance Service. Only in 25 percent of these cases sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is achieved and merely unsatisfying 11.3 percent leave the hospital again. The goal of this project is to follow up on chest compression performances of the ambulance crews in Vienna after the Circulation Improving Resuscitation Care (CIRC) Trial some years ago. METHODS: This observational trial assesses the quality of chest compression based on the guideline recommendations. Data are gathered from run-reports and written event recordings as described by the Utstein criteria including command and control center and emergency call records, ECG, thoracic impedance data, vital parameters as well as hospital records. During the collection of this data, the ambulance service of Vienna received standardized feedback on their CPR performance. RESULTS: From August 1, 2013 to April 30, 2014701 patients were registered. MedianCompression ratewas 108/min.Median fraction of time in which chest compression were given with the target rate of 100 to 120/min, per case is 75% and median hands on fraction was 82%.Mean percentage of minutes with a hands off fraction of 75 or higher is 72% (SD ± 24). Comparing the group who regained ROSC to those who did not no significant difference can be found in either hands on fraction as well as frequency. The confidence interval of hands on fraction within the group that regained ROSC is between 75% and 80% compared to 74% and 78% within the group that did not. CONCLUSION: The missing presence of any difference between the groups with regained ROSC and the one that did not leads to the conclusion that the quality of chest compression is on overall high level and further improvement is hardly possible and will most likely not lead to further more ROSC.

scholarly journals The Effect of Family-Centered Affective Stimulation on Brain-Injured Comatose Patient’s Level of Consciousness Randomized Controlled Trial: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Rany Agustin Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
Family Centered

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury is one of the most common causes of disability, death and intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization worldwide. Each year an estimated ten million people experience brain injuries. All kinds of stimulation can effectively affect the brain, especially the reticular activation system. The aims to determine the effect of family-centered sensory stimulation by comparing the experimental, placebo and control groups. Method: This study used a randomized controlled trial involving comatose patients with brain injury. The investigators concluded that 30 patients were needed for each study group. Initially, an allocation protocol was developed using the permutation block randomization technique. Result: The one-way ANOVA results illustrated that the differences between groups regarding GCS scores on the first day and the second day of the intervention were not statistically significant, whereas on days 3-7, the differences were statistically significant. The results of this study indicate that early family-centered stimulation is more effective than sensory stimulation in correcting LOC among comatose patients with traumatic brain injury. Conclusion: Family-centered stimulation was effective in improving levels of consciousness among comatose patients from day three to day seven.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SPORTS COACH

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
O. KORNOSENKO ◽  
Ya. DEMUS
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Sports Team ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Psychological Activity ◽  
Emotional Burnout ◽  
And Control

The basis of sports are interconnected activities: training, coaching, competitions. Achieving success in sports requires a high level of formation not only of physical qualities and motor skills, but also psychological readiness for training and competitiveloads. The inability to control one’s emotions can nullify years of training. The coach and the sports psychologist are key figures in preparing the athlete for the main starts. Their main professional responsibilities include: timely study of individual characteristics of the athlete’s psyche, development of an individual plan for the development of abilities, strategies of pre-competitive and competitive behavior, formation of necessary mental qualities to win, creating psychologically comfortable conditions in sports, identifying ways to overcome emotional burnout in crisis periods that are caused by various reasons: defeat in the competition, transfer to another team, change of coach, problems in personal life, etc. The tandem “athlete-coach” in the context of psychological interaction and mutual understanding is a basic lever in the education of personal qualities and achieving high sports results.In the context of our study, we distinguish a number of professional functions of a modern coach - educational, managerial, regulatory, formative, gnostic, socio-psychological. The main function that allows to exercise psychological influence and control over the condition of the athlete at different stages of sports training is socio-psychological. This function, on the one hand,  requires the coach to be able to establish contact with students, clearly, accurately and clearly explain the requirements for athletes, and on the other - to provide psychological support, create a psychologically comfortable microclimate in the sports team and more.A detailed analysis of the socio-psychological function of the coach suggests that the coach must have a number of theoretical knowledge, professional and practical skills, language, public speaking, communication skills, ability to make managerial decisions, experience of their own sports, have a high level of empathy, stress, etc., the symbiosis of which allows him to have ahigh level of leadership, authority, competence.

Emotional Intelligence Among Secondary Students: Role of Gender and Type of School

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-182
Author(s):  
Dhananjay Joshi ◽  
Indrajeet Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The One ◽  
As Stress ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Type Of School

In recent years emotional intelligence has gained immense importance especially in predicting the success and failure of an individual in his life. The one who has high level of emotional intelligence is found to be better in handling the situations of life than one who has low level of emotional intelligence. Children in the age group of 14-16 years pass through the phase of life which is considered to be crucial in determining the development of a later phase of life. This phase is considered by many as stress and storm. Therefore, it is imperative that they are able to handle and control their emotions as it has implications for their immediate and future life. The present study was conducted in the urban settings wherein 246 students from public and private-funded institutions participated. The result indicated that female students have higher emotional intelligence in comparison to their male counterparts whereas the type of school does not act as a significant factor in differentiating emotional intelligence.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT – TRADITIONAL OR AGILE?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Hanna Soroka-Potrzebna
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agile Project Management ◽  
The World ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

In a fast-growing world, project management has become one of the most important pillars that help companies operate without interruptions in their processes. Both small and large organizations around the world use methods and techniques of project management to successfully complete various projects without any obstacles. Although traditional project management has been used for a long time, for several years changes have been observed on the one hand due to the high level of complexity and dynamics of the business environment, and on the other hand the innovativeness of enterprises. In such an environment, the traditional approach becomes inadequate to the contemporary requirements of the environment and may be unfavorable for projects that are structurally complex and uncertain. Currently, it is the agile project management that is considered the most practical and flexible for the company’s development. The article aims to present and compare both approaches to project management, and to assess the validity of the prevailing belief that agile project management is better.

The effect of realistic mathematics education on student achievement in 8th grades geometric objects teaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Hasan Huseyin Aksu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
T Test ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dependent Samples

The purpose of this study is to answer if there is a reasonable difference on academical success of students who get education with traditional and RME approach question on “Teaching geometrical objects to 8th grade students” subject. Study group consists of 47 students which contains 21 experimental and 16 control group from “Ordu Anadolu İmam Hatip High School Project School” in Altinordu, Ordu. Experimental and control group have same academical success level, as the school which this study has runned is a school which accepts students with an exam only. After the experimental and control groups were created, a 25 question pre-test was performed to understand the level of knowledge of the group regarding geometrical objects. The same test was performed on the same groups 8 weeks later as retention test. To determine opinions of the students in experimental group regarding RME and related learning activities, semi-structured interviews are conducted. The data obtained from the pretest, posttest and retention tests were analyzed with t-test for independent samples and t-test for dependent samples and variance analysis for mixed measurements with 0.05 significance level. According to the results, it is seen that learning activities prepared according to RME approach are much more effective than learning activities prepared according to the traditional approach on students’ academic success.

Relations between carbon removal rates, biofilm size and density of a novel anaerobic reactor: the inverse turbulent bed

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Buffière ◽  
R. Moletta
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Carbon Removal ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
High Turbulence ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

An anaerobic inverse turbulent bed, in which the biogas only ensures fluidisation of floating carrier particles, was investigated for carbon removal kinetics and for biofilm growth and detachment. The range of operation of the reactor was kept within 5 and 30 kgCOD· m−3· d−1, with Hydraulic Retention Times between 0.28 and 1 day. The carbon removal efficiency remained between 70 and 85%. Biofilm size were rather low (between 5 and 30 μm) while biofilm density reached very high values (over 80 kgVS· m−3). The biofilm size and density varied with increasing carbon removal rates with opposite trends; as biofilm size increases, its density decreases. On the one hand, biomass activity within the reactor was kept at a high level, (between 0.23 and 0.75 kgTOC· kgVS· d−1, i.e. between 0.6 and 1.85 kgCOD·kgVS · d−1).This result indicates that high turbulence and shear may favour growth of thin, dense and active biofilms. It is thus an interesting tool for biomass control. On the other hand, volatile solid detachment increases quasi linearly with carbon removal rate and the total amount of solid in the reactor levels off at high OLR. This means that detachment could be a limit of the process at higher organic loading rates.

Non-Communicable Diseases and Global Health Politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 626-659
Author(s):  
Roger Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, are responsible for around 70 percent of global deaths each year. This chapter describes how NCDs have become prevalent and critically evaluates global efforts to address NCDs and their risk factors, with a particular focus on the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) system. It explores the factors that have prevented those addressing NCDs from achieving access to resources and a priority commensurate with their impact on people’s lives. The chapter evaluates the global response to NCDs both prior to and since the UN High-Level Meeting on Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, held in 2011, and considers opportunities for strengthening that response in future.

An LQ Approach to Active Control of Vibrations in Helicopters

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Bittanti ◽  
Fabrizio Lorito ◽  
Silvia Strada
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Vibration Effect ◽  
Suitable Definition ◽  
Lq Optimal Control ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

In this paper, Linear Quadratic (LQ) optimal control concepts are applied for the active control of vibrations in helicopters. The study is based on an identified dynamic model of the rotor. The vibration effect is captured by suitably augmenting the state vector of the rotor model. Then, Kalman filtering concepts can be used to obtain a real-time estimate of the vibration, which is then fed back to form a suitable compensation signal. This design rationale is derived here starting from a rigorous problem position in an optimal control context. Among other things, this calls for a suitable definition of the performance index, of nonstandard type. The application of these ideas to a test helicopter, by means of computer simulations, shows good performances both in terms of disturbance rejection effectiveness and control effort limitation. The performance of the obtained controller is compared with the one achievable by the so called Higher Harmonic Control (HHC) approach, well known within the helicopter community.

scholarly journals Boundaryless working hours and recovery in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Vieten ◽  
Anne Marit Wöhrmann ◽  
Alexandra Michel
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Overtime Work ◽  
Psychological Detachment ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Recovery Experiences ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Extended Work

Abstract Objective Due to recent trends such as globalization and digitalization, more and more employees tend to have flexible working time arrangements, including boundaryless working hours. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of various aspects of boundaryless working hours (overtime, Sunday work, and extended work availability) with employees’ state of recovery. Besides, we examined the mediating and moderating role of recovery experiences (psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery, and control) in these relationships. Methods We used data from 8586 employees (48% women; average age of 48 years) who took part in the 2017 BAuA-Working Time Survey, a representative study of the German working population. Regression analyses were conducted to test main effects as well as mediation and moderation. Results Overtime work, Sunday work, and extended work availability were negatively related to state of recovery. Psychological detachment mediated these relationships. Furthermore, we found that relaxation and control mediated the association between extended work availability and state of recovery. However, no relevant moderating effects were found. Conclusions Altogether, our findings indicate that various aspects of boundaryless working hours pose a risk to employees’ state of recovery and that especially psychological detachment is a potential mechanism in these relationships. In addition, the results suggest that a high level of recovery experiences cannot attenuate these negative relationships in leisure time. Therefore, employers and employees alike should try to avoid or minimize boundaryless working hours.

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