scholarly journals Pictorial Statistics Following the Vienna Method

ARTMargins ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Neurath
Keyword(s):  
General Structure ◽  
Vienna Circle ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Educational Achievements ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Visual Pedagogy ◽  
Austrian Tradition ◽  
Philosophical Debates ◽  
International Social

This text introduces a programmatic text of Otto Neurath on the educational use of the method of pictorial statistics. Neurath emphasizes the importance of a visual method to transfer scientific knowledge to popular audiences. At the same time, his Vienna Method attempts to adapt the popular educational strategy to an increasingly visual modernity. The specific educational interest of Neurath's Vienna Method consists in political education, in transferring basic knowledge about the general structure and dominant developments of society. His program thus echoes his contemporaries’ debates on the possibilities of social realism. To understand the historical significance of Neurath the introductory text accentuates three lines of possible discussion. It points out the importance of Neurath's visual pedagogy for the tradition of contemporary discussions around the so-called Bildwissenschaften. It also contextualizes Neurath's visual pedagogy in the Austrian tradition of Second International Social Democracy and in the context of the philosophical debates of the Vienna circle. Against this double historical background, the text eventually tries to understand the educational achievements and political pitfalls of Neurath's attempt to represent general societal developments visually.

Otto Neurath's Visual Politics: An Introduction to “Pictorial Statistics Following the Vienna Method”

ARTMargins ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
Johan Frederik Hartle
Keyword(s):  
General Structure ◽  
Vienna Circle ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Visual Politics ◽  
Visual Pedagogy ◽  
Austrian Tradition ◽  
Philosophical Debates ◽  
International Social

This text introduces a programmatic text of Otto Neurath on the educational use of the method of pictorial statistics. Neurath emphasizes the importance of a visual method to transfer scientific knowledge to popular audiences. At the same time, his Vienna Method attempts to adapt the popular educational strategy to an increasingly visual modernity. The specific educational interest of Neurath's Vienna Method consists in political education, in transferring basic knowledge about the general structure and dominant developments of society. His program thus echoes his contemporaries’ debates on the possibilities of social realism. To understand the historical significance of Neurath the introductory text accentuates three lines of possible discussion. It points out the importance of Neurath's visual pedagogy for the tradition of contemporary discussions around the so-called Bildwissenschaften. It also contextualizes Neurath's visual pedagogy in the Austrian tradition of Second International Social Democracy and in the context of the philosophical debates of the Vienna circle. Against this double historical background, the text eventually tries to understand the educational achievements and political pitfalls of Neurath's attempt to represent general societal developments visually.

scholarly journals The Danger of Analogical Myths: Explaining the Power and Consequences of the Sykes-Picot Delusion

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Dodge
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Historical Analogy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Units ◽  
Postcolonial States

Even before its hundredth year anniversary on 16 May 2016, the Sykes-Picot agreement had become a widely cited historical analogy both in the region itself and in Europe and the United States. In the Middle East, it is frequently deployed as an infamous example of European imperial betrayal and Western attempts more generally to keep the region divided, in conflict, and easy to dominate. In Europe and the United States, however, its role as a historical analogy is more complex—a shorthand for understanding the Middle East as irrevocably divided into mutually hostile sects and clans, destined to be mired in conflict until another external intervention imposes a new, more authentic, set of political units on the region to replace the postcolonial states left in the wake of WWI. What is notable about both these uses of the Sykes-Picot agreement is that they fundamentally misread, and thus overstate, its historical significance. The agreement reached by the British diplomat Mark Sykes and his French counterpart, François Georges-Picot, in May 1916, quickly became irrelevant as the realities on the ground in the Middle East, U.S. intervention into the war, a resurgent Turkey and the comparative weakness of the French and British states transformed international relations at the end of the First World War. Against this historical background, explaining the contemporary power of the narrative surrounding the use of the Sykes-Picot agreement becomes more intellectually interesting than its minor role in the history of European imperial interventions in the Middle East.

scholarly journals Environmental Ethics of Buddhism: Ecological Values in the Mirror of Wisdom by Erdeni Galshiev

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Galina P. Dondukova ◽  
◽  
Erdeni P. Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Sustainable Living ◽  
Didactic Literature ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Ecological Values ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Modern Context ◽  
The Republic

The aim of this article is to analyze one of the most outstanding works of Buryat didactic literature – The Mirror of Wisdom by Erdeni Khaibzun Galshiev (1855 – 26 June (9 July) 1915) and to identify the Buddhist ecological values in it. We argue that in the modern context of global environmental awareness as well as local ecological problems in the Baikal region, Russia, The Mirror of Wisdom, and its described practices for laymen have become extremely significant and can serve as the guideline for sustainable living. We start with the overview of the historical background of Buddhism on the territory of the republic of Buryatia, Russia, go on with the general structure of The Mirror of Wisdom by Erdeni Galshiev, and proceed to the analysis of ecological values, such as non-harming to other creatures, the law of karma, non-attachment, and so on. The analysis shows that although written a century ago and not aimed initially to bring together the inter-related issues of population, consumption and the environment, The Mirror of Wisdom suggests certain conclusions concerning these issues and can contribute to ecological sustainability as well as economic and social justice.

Otto Neurath, the Vienna Circle and the Austrian Tradition

1999 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 249-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Uebel
Keyword(s):  
Vienna Circle ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Austrian Tradition

It is one of the distinctive claims of Neurath, though not of the Vienna Circle generally, that the Vienna Circle's philosophy was not really German philosophy at all. The relation is, if Neurath is to be trusted, anything but straight-forward. To understand it, not only must some effort be expended on specifying Neurath's claim, but also on delineating the different party-lines within the Vienna Circle.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Lisa Siraganian
Keyword(s):  
Literary Form ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Citizens United ◽  
Corporate Personhood ◽  
Legal Case ◽  
Supreme Court Case ◽  
Modernist Studies ◽  
Philosophical Debates ◽  
The U.S

The Introduction contextualizes the book’s broader legal and philosophical debates about corporate personhood, collective agency, and modernism. The book’s methodology and structure are explained using accessible modernist poems, political cartoons, and legal case studies to present to non-experts the key ideas and historical background of corporate personhood in the U.S., with its first life not after the U.S. Supreme Court case Citizens United (2010), but after Santa Clara v. Southern Pacific Railroad (1886). Beginning with an extended example from Muriel Rukeyser’s long poem, The Book of the Dead, the Introduction canvasses American literature from the nineteenth through the twentieth century to show how the book renders the field of modernist studies radically different, as modernism’s formal speculations emerge as deeply entangled with a range of social and political developments. Asking the question “Has a corporation a soul?” becomes a means to explore the aims of collective social agents, and to think through how collective forms produce meaning by their acts. Not until the postwar era did philosophy synthesize these ideas (on the possibility of corporate intention) being teased out in mostly prewar novels, poetry, and short stories. The third section situates this analysis within modernist literary studies as a field, culminating with a reading of an Archibald MacLeish poem in light of this focus on collective action and literary form and descriptions of each subsequent chapter.

Part I Introduction, 1 Introduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baumann Antje ◽  
Pfitzner Tanja V
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
International Arbitration ◽  
Party Autonomy ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Arbitral Proceedings ◽  
Dispute Resolution Mechanism ◽  
Substantive Law

This introduction discusses arbitration as a method for resolving disputes. It first provides an overview of the advantages of arbitration as a dispute resolution mechanism and a brief historical background on the development of modern international arbitration before exploring the effects of arbitration agreements, taking into account the applicable law for the question of arbitrability (objective arbitrability and subjective arbitrability). It then considers two options between which parties can choose when deciding to settle their dispute by arbitration: institutional arbitration and ad hoc arbitration. It also analyses the parties’ right to choose—based on the principle of party autonomy—the place and language of arbitration, the substantive law applicable to the merits of the dispute, and number of arbitrators. Finally, it explains the applicable rules and general structure of arbitral proceedings as well as the enforceability of arbitral awards.

Conservative Liberalism, Ordo-liberalism, and the State

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Dyson
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Ethical Philosophy ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Social Basis ◽  
Interview Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Franz Böhm ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Luigi Einaudi

This book uses extensive original archival and elite interview research to examine the attempt to rejuvenate liberalism as a means of disciplining democracy and the market through a new rule-based economic and political order. This rebirth took the form of conservative liberalism and, in its most developed form, Ordo-liberalism. It occurred against the historical background of the great transformational crisis of liberalism in the first part of the twentieth century. Conservative liberalism evolved as a cross-national phenomenon. It included such eminent and cultured liberal economists as James Buchanan, Frank Knight, Henry Simons, Ralph Hawtrey, Jacques Rueff, Luigi Einaudi, Walter Eucken, Friedrich Hayek, Alfred Müller-Armack, Wilhelm Röpke, Alexander Rüstow, and Paul van Zeeland, as well as leading lawyers like Louis Brandeis, Franz Böhm, and Maurice Hauriou. It also played a formative role in establishing new international networks, notably the Mont Pèlerin Society. The book investigates the rich intellectual inheritance of this variant of new liberalism from aristocratic liberalism, ethical philosophy, and religious thought. It also locates the social basis of conservative liberalism and Ordo-liberalism in the cultivated bourgeois intelligentsia. The book goes on to examine the attempts to embed this new disciplinary form of liberalism in Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and the United States, and to consider the determinants of its varying significance across space and over time. It concludes by assessing the historical significance and contemporary relevance of conservative liberalism and Ordo-liberalism as liberalism confronts a new transformational crisis at the beginning of the new millennium. Is their promise of disciplining democracy and the market a hollow one?

scholarly journals Association of Space Flight Participants: History and Development Issues (Part 1).

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-147
Author(s):  
Yu.M. Baturin ◽  
L.V. Ivanova ◽  
S.V. Krichevsky
Keyword(s):  
Space Flight ◽  
International Association ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Activity Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Technical

The paper is devoted to the establishment and development of the International Association of Space Explorers with the active involvement of the Soviet and Russian cosmonauts. The Association is a unique and influential space community for cooperation and experience exchange; it unites 430 people who have been in space and represents 38 countries of the world. The paper examines a period of about half a century (1970–2020): a 10-year historical background of the establishment of the Association, about 5 years of its pre-history and about 35 years of its history. It also presents the Association’s activity area, general structure and symbols, systematizes the main events and achievements of this organization as an actor and history object of world and domestic manned astronautics in scientific, technical, political, socio-cultural and sociological aspects, summarizes the main conclusions about development problems.

scholarly journals Association of Space Flight Participants: History and Development Issues (Part 2).

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-147
Author(s):  
Yu.M. Baturin ◽  
L.V. Ivanova ◽  
S.V. Krichevsky
Keyword(s):  
Space Flight ◽  
International Association ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Activity Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Technical

The paper is devoted to the establishment and development of the International Association of Space Explorers with the active involvement of the Soviet and Russian cosmonauts. The Association is a unique and influential space community for cooperation and experience exchange; it unites 430 people who have been in space and represents 38 countries of the world. The paper examines a period of about half a century (1970–2020): a 10-year historical background of the establishment of the Association, about 5 years of its pre-history and about 35 years of its history. It also presents the Association’s activity area, general structure and symbols, systematizes the main events and achievements of this organization as an actor and history object of world and domestic manned astronautics in scientific, technical, political, socio-cultural and sociological aspects, summarizes the main conclusions about development problems.

scholarly journals The Analytical Applications And Biological Activity of Hydroxamic acids

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2118-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. A. Abualreish ◽  
M. A. Abdein
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Hydroxamic Acids ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Analytical Applications ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis

Hydroxamic acids play a vital role in applied chemistry , the present literature review is an investigation on the analytical applications and biological activity of hydroxamic acids .The review includes a survey of  the historical background of hydroxamic acids , their general structure , classification , physical properties , stability and occurrence in nature .  In addition the review discuss the synthesis and  identification of hydroxamic acids ,in which different methods of synthesis and different analytical techniques for identification were outlined .The review also includes the wide use of hydroxamic acids , mainly their analytical applications and a summarized account of the biological activity of hydroxamic acids.

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