When Is an Interview an Inter View? The Historical and Recent Development of Methodologies Used to Investigate Children’s Astronomy Knowledge

This paper provides a historical review of the interview research that has been used by science educators to investigate children’s basic astronomy knowledge. A wide range of strategies have been developed over the last 120 years or so as successive teams of researchers have endeavoured to overcome the methodological difficulties that have arisen. Hence, it looks critically at the techniques that have been developed to tackle the problems associated with interviews, questionnaires and tests used to research cognitive development and knowledge acquisition. We examine those methodologies which seem to yield surer indications of how young people (at different ages) understand everyday astronomical phenomena—the field often referred to as children’s cosmologies. Theoretical ideas from cognitive psychology, educational instruction and neuroscience are examined in depth and utilised to critique matters such as the importance of subject mastery and pedagogical content knowledge on the part of interviewers; the merits of multi-media techniques; the roles of open-ended vs. structured methods of interviewing; and the need always to recognise the dynamism of memory in interviewees. With illustrations and protocol excerpts drawn from recent studies, the paper points to what researchers might usefully tackle in the years ahead and the pitfalls to be avoided.

Reflective Teachers

This study sought to investigate the Indian trainee teachers’ perception of the 21st century skills, to what extent these skills were integrated into teacher education programs, and challenges to their integration. The study followed a mixed approach comprising of both quantitative (e. g. descriptive survey) and qualitative (e.g., interview) research methods taking 500 trainee teachers from 50 teachers’ training colleges using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Findings revealed that few skills were partially integrated while others were poorly integrated, significant differences were found in the ingestion of these skills between trainees of private and government teacher training colleges, and thereby, hampering the aim of making teachers reflective. The study also noted the challenges in integrating these skills that will provide a valuable reference for teacher education curriculum planning and implementation with a view of providing a holistic educational experience among trainee teachers across countries.

Challenges in Land Use and Transport Planning Integration in Helsinki Metropolitan Region—A Historical-Institutional Perspective

Land use and transport integration has been considered a must-have approach in achieving sustainable urban development. However, successful applications of the concept have been few, as institutional reforms to support land use and transport integration have lagged behind. Accordingly, this article argues that understanding difficulties in land use and transport integration requires an analysis of the long-term evolution of formal and informal institutional frameworks in planning practices. For this purpose, this article presents a case study of land use and transport planning in Finland’s Helsinki Metropolitan Region, which combines interview research on planners’ perceptions with a document analysis of the historical trajectories of the region’s plans, policy documents and related institutional and organizational changes. The historical-institutional approach of the article draws on discursive institutionalism as a novel analytical approach for studying how land use and transport integration is institutionally conditioned.

Men’s Experiences in Feminized Occupations on the Example of Selected Professions

The issues raised in this article concern the functioning of men in feminized professions. The aim of the study was to gather experiences of men working in jobs dominated by women. The research included twenty men and was conducted between February and April 2020 in Poland, using a narrative interview. Research problems were focused on men’s attitudes toward their jobs, the assessment of career advancement opportunities, advantages and disadvantages resulting from working in a feminine environment, relations with colleagues and employers, and reactions of their environment. The interviews revealed a relatively positive image of men’s experiences relating to working with women. The respondents did not notice any specific difficulties in their professions caused by gender stereotypes. They expressed a view that working among women was like any other job. Few difficulties mentioned by the respondents were related mostly to the issue of assistance in activities requiring strength or technical knowledge rather than competences related to a specific profession. Moreover, the interviewees treated their professions as an opportunity for self-development and for gaining experience that they would not have been able to gain in a typically male environment.

The Factors of Marriage Dissolution Between Hearing Impairment Couple at Melaka Syariah Court

The dissolution of marriage which occurs between Muslim married couple in Malaysia shall be referred to the Syariah Court either it is between typical couples or between couple with disabilities. However, couple with disabilities faces quite different challenges compared to typical couple in maintaining relationship. The article aims to identify the factors of marriage dissolution between hearing impairment couple registered at Malacca Syariah Court. The study uses the qualitative and interview research methodologies to identify conflicts in relationship confronted by hearing impairment couple which leads to dissolution of marriage. It is found that there are seven factors of marriage dissolution among hearing impairment couple which are the communication problem, lack of knowledge regarding Islamic Family Law, the intervention of family members in marital disputes, inadequate pre-marriage course, no specific marriage course through the period of marriage as well as post-marriage course for hearing impairment spouse. The implication of research discovers that all these courses shall be review in order to prevent escalated divorce rate among hearing impairment couple. Abstrak Setiap perceraian yang berlaku di antara pasangan berkahwin Muslim di Malaysia mestilah dirujuk kepada Mahkamah Syariah sama ada pasangan suami isteri tipikal ataupun pasangan Orang Kurang Upaya (OKU). Bagi golongan OKU pendengaran, cabaran yang dihadapi dalam meneruskan kehidupan rumahtangga walaubagaimanapun agak berbeza berbanding golongan tipikal. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti faktor-faktor pembubaran perkahwinan antara pasangan OKU pendengaran yang didaftarkan di Mahkamah Syariah Negeri Melaka. Kajian menggunakan kaedah temu bual untuk mengenal pasti masalah pasangan OKU pendengaran yang membawa kepada pembubaran perkahwinan. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat enam faktor pembubaran perkahwinan antara pasangan OKU pendengaran iaitu masalah komunikasi, kurang pendedahan tentang ilmu Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam, campur tangan ahli keluarga dalam masalah rumahtangga, kursus Pra-Perkahwinan yang dianjurkan tidak bersesuaian, tiada kursus khusus sepanjang tempoh perkahwinan dan tiada kursus pasca perkahwinan khusus bagi pasangan OKU Pendengaran. Implikasi dari kajian mendapati bahawa kursus-kursus khas tersebut perlu dikaji semula bagi mengurangkan kadar perceraian dalam kalangan pasangan OKU pendengaran.

Lithuanian civil service reform in the process of Europeanisation

The article investigates the interrelationship between Lithuanian civil service reform initiatives and administrative Europeanisation processes by identifying the role and approaches of Lithuanian parliamentary elites in the process of the implementation of reforms during the period of membership in the EU. The research was based on the qualitative content analysis of primary sources, the records of the Lithuanian Government activities, and the qualitative analysis of the secondary sources including research literature and other documents and records, semi-structured qualitative interview. Research gives an opportunity to estimate the level of institutionalisation of pro-European values amongst parliamentary elites and their contributions to the implementation of administrative Europeanisation. According to the research findings, administrative Europeanisation agenda is not a priority for Lithuanian parliamentary elites per se, however, pro-European attitudes are fixed.

The dominance of dialogical interview research

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Pengembangan Pribadi Guru PAK dan Siswa Sekolah Dasar Nekbaun

This research intends to describe the personality of Christian Education teachers as a model of student personality development. The personality of the teacher is the essential nature of a teacher that is reflected and can be seen in everyday attitudes. It can be seen and exemplified by students. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive. The data collected is interviews and documentation. The results showed that interview studies of PAK teacher respondents generally showed that PAK teachers have good personalities. This good personality provides good examples for students as well. Good example is in the form of transparency in terms of dressing, speaking, behaving and behaving well in everyday life in the classroom, school environment, and in the community environment. Furthermore, the analysis of interview research results to respondents of class V of Nekbaun State Elementary School showed that generally respondents gave good assessment. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mendeskripsikan keperibadian guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen sebagai model pengembangan kepribadian siswa. Kepribadian guru merupakan sifat hakiki dari seorang guru yang tercermin dan dapat dilihat dalam sikap sehari-hari. Hal ini dapat dilihat dan dicontoh oleh siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan ialah wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penelitian wawancara responden guru PAK umumnya menunjukkan bahwa guru-guru PAK memiliki kepribadian yang baik. Kepribadian yang baik ini memberikan keteladanan yang baik juga bagi siswa. Keteladanan baik itu berupa keteladanan dalam hal berbusana, berkata-kata, bersikap dan berperilaku baik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari di kelas, lingkungan sekolah, serta di lingkungan masyarakat. Selanjutnya analisa hasil penelitian wawancara kepada responden siswa kelas V SD Negeri Nekbaun menunjukkan bahwa umumnya responden memberikan penilaian baik.

People with Disabilities in the Workplace: Results of a Survey Conducted among Polish and Finnish Employers

The key aspect of the inclusion of people with disabilities (PwD) in the workplace is how they are perceived by employers who make decisions on hiring employees. The article presents the results of CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interview) research conducted among Polish and Finnish employers (n = 414) in 2021 using a proprietary questionnaire. Employers were asked to assess the state policy in the field of PwD’s inclusion, the social atmosphere in this respect, the level of acceptance of privileges/special solutions dedicated to PwD in the workplace and the knowledge of the specificity of disability. When analysing the obtained data, we verified the differentiation of Polish and Finnish employers’ assessments, the impact of respondents’ characteristics on their assessment and the relations between the assessments of various aspects of PwD’s inclusion. For the analysis, we used the t-test of independent samples for equality of means and the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that Finnish respondents assess the conditions for the full inclusion of PwD much better than Polish ones. The characteristics most differentiating employers’ assessments is gender and the fact of employing PwD. There were also correlations between the responses of respondents in both countries to three out of four analysed questions from the questionnaire. The differences found in this study indicate that it would be worth extending the research to other European countries to generalize conclusions about the influence of cultural determinants on the situation of PwD on the labour market.