The Role of Artists' Collectives in Producing State Socialist Art in 1950s Romania the Bottom-Up, Pragmatic Professionalization of State Commissions

ARTMargins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-52
Author(s):  
Caterina Preda
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
The State ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Socialist Realist ◽  
Socialist Art ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
State Socialist ◽  
Realist Model

This article analyzes the collective basis of the establishment of the Socialist Realist model of production for the fine arts in Romania in the early 1950s. It discusses the unstudied case of the “artists' collectives” (of production) together with other collective forms, such as the collective studios and the guiding commissions. This is an archive-based study of cultural institutionalism of socialist regimes, based on the analysis of under-explored archival sources such as those of the Romanian Artists' Union (UAP) or the Artistic Fund (FP). Focusing on two specific case studies, those of the artists' collectives “Progressive art” and “Th. Aman”, both founded in 1951, it provides more context to the establishment of the socialist model in Romania. The article finds the state assumed definition of art considered the artist as a simple executioner, and the “artists' collectives” participated in eradicating the individuality of the artist, one of the goals of the new socialist model.

A Social Sonic Paradigm

2021 ◽  
pp. 540-554
Author(s):  
Tegan Bristow ◽  
João Orecchia Zúñiga
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Sound Art ◽  
Intellectual Engagement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

This chapter presents an examination of why—in contemporary Africa, with Southern Africa as the primary focus—there are very few artists working with sound in a manner that fits the paradigm of sound art as it is known in Euro-America. Emphasis is not placed on a lack of intellectual engagement, which is significant in the Euro-American definition of sound art. What is presented does not aim to deviate from this, but rather acts to affirm an engagement with alternative forms of knowledge and mechanisms of sound found in the South. Three areas are explored; these however are interlinked and do not stand alone. The first is an understanding of the practice of interdisciplinarity as political engagement. The second explores the role of community and communal interaction with sound and how this is fundamental to form in the region. The third extends this by showing how the histories of knowledge and power are fundamental to these explorations in the region, emphasizing how contemporary explorations of sound are used to both contain and shift these histories. The chapter takes shape with the use of case studies and draws on interviews conducted by the authors.

scholarly journals MACROECONOMIC TOOLS FOR ENSURING RESILIENCE OF THE FINANCIAL CORPORATIONS SECTOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Diana Shkuropadska
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
System Method ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
International Audit

Research the tools for ensuring resilience of the financial corporations sector is relevant, given the fact that the development of the world economy is increasingly subject to the shock influences, to which financial crises are imposed. The aim of the article is to identify and justify macroeconomic tools according to the directions for ensuring resilience of the financial corporations sector. The theoretical-methodological base of the article is scientific works of scientists and reports of international organizationsfor directions and tools for ensuring resilience of the financial corporations sector and the economy in general. The general approaches and research methods have been used at preparing the article: theoretical generalization, analysis, synthesis and system method. The use of these methods allowed to consider approaches of leading international audit companies to understand the concept “resilience of the financial corporations”. On this basis, there was suggested the author's definition of the concept “resilience of the financial corporations sector” and defined it essential characteristics. It was explained, that the process of ensuring resilience of the financial corporations sector involves the implementation of macroeconomic tools in accordance with the following areas: the introduction of economic stimulus packages, attractive lending conditions, tax and investment benefits, promoting innovation, development of compensation mechanisms, international financial support. The important attention in the study was paid to the role of the state in the process of implementing macroeconomic tools for ensuring resilience of the financial corporations sector. Attention is focused on the fact, that under shock influences the state should implement macroeconomic tools in line with current problems in the development of the financial corporations sector. This in turn will ensure its profitability at a level sufficient for normal functioning.

POWERS OF THE PRESIDING JUDGE IN A JURY TRIAL IN THE CONTEXT OF ADVERSARIAL PRINCIPLES OF RUSSIAN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
Tatyana K. Ryabinina ◽  
◽  
Daria O. Chistilina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
The State ◽  
Jury Trial ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Jury Trials ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The main objective is to examine the powers of the presiding judge in jury trials in the context of adversarial principles of criminal proceedings. Particular attention will be paid by the authors to different approaches to the notion of adversariality and the definition of the role of a professional judge in such courts, as well as the degree of his activity during the judicial investigation. The main methods used by the authors were dialectical and systematic method, analysis, synthesis, as well as special legal methods of knowledge. The outcome of the research will be a definition of the role of the presiding judge in a jury trial. Forms of criminal procedure that allow the individual to directly participate in the deci-sion-making process of the judiciary are responsible for ensuring citizen participation in the administration of justice in the state. Two such forms have been developed in the world practice so far: the classical jury trial model and the Scheffen model. Each of them provides certain (broad or narrow) powers of a professional judge, the scope of which determines the degree of independence of citizens and the ultimate prospects for the development of a system of popular democratic justice in an adversarial system of criminal proceedings. In today's Russia, the classical jury trial model, modeled after the English jury trial, does not provide for broad powers of the court. In addition, there is the adversarial principle in Russia, which is fostered by the existence of jury trials. However, strict adherence to its provisions may lead to a misunderstanding of the role of the presiding judge in such a court. The activity of a professional judge should be balanced in accordance with the needs of the criminal case under consideration. Thus, requesting additional evidence in the course of the trial in order to verify existing evidence should not be considered a violation of the adversarial principle. Thus, the development of the optimal model for jury trial functioning as well as the determination of the presiding judge's role in the context of adversarial principles of criminal proceedings is a socially-systemic task. It requires a comprehensive dogmatic, comparative-legal and political-legal approach in order to develop the jury trial model which is more con-sistent with the legal system of the state.

The Role of the Missionary in International Conciliation (A Contemporary Analytical Approach)

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
F. L. Cooley
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Definition Of

The analysis that follows is based solely on my own experience and observations as a missionary in two Asian nations, China and Indonesia, which have been embroiled in much conflict in recent decades. These conflicts, in both cases, have involved both my own country and the country in which I served. My sample of experience is, admittedly, a limited one as a basis for analysis. We shall be addressing ourselves to the following matters: a definition of terms (“international conciliation” and “missionary”); factors that may qualify or disqualify the missionary for a conciliating role; the nature of his role; how he plays his role; and two case studies as a basis for some conclusions.

Organising around ideas: Why we need to take the battle of ideas in education more seriously

FORUM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-160
Author(s):  
Chloe Tomlinson ◽  
Howard Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
The State ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Rational Argument ◽  
Movement Building

In this article we develop the notion of 'organising around ideas'. We highlight the ways in which education debate in England has narrowed as traditional spaces for discussion and debate have been closed down. The state now has extraordinary power to shape discourses and frame narratives about the purposes of schooling. Here we argue that we must find new ways to engage in the battle of ideas, not simply as an exercise in rational argument, but as an essential element of organising and movement building. The article provides three short case studies of 'organising around ideas' in action to illustrate what this work can look like. The cases are not templates, but illustrate the flexible, grassroots-based activity that is central to building a movement from the bottom up.

Meghalaya Transfer of Land (Regulation) Act, 1971 : A Critical Analysis

LAW REVIEW ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
The Will ◽  
Land Regulation ◽  
Definition Of

Meghalaya is the state comprises of different tribes mainly Khasi and Garos. Culturally they are different. Land transfer in the State is governed by the Meghalaya Transfer ofLand(Regulation)Act,1971,which has been amended in 2010. The objective of the Act is to protect the interest of tribals. By the amendment word 'will' has been included in the detention of Transfer that created confusion .Although,the court has said that the 'will' should not be included in the definition of transfer but still it is there. In this paper the analysis of the Act of 1971 has been done. How far the SARFAESI Act,2002 is relevant here has been discussed. And also,the role of judiciary has been highlighted

Nation Branding

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Héctor Fernández L’Hoeste
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Nation Branding ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Imagined Community ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Technology

This chapter proposes the practice of nation branding as a political technology, as an example of neoliberalism in which the definition of national identity, previously assessed primarily by the social sciences and humanities, becomes the domain of business managers and advertising executives, thanks to technologies associated with social media. It explains how the redefinition of social goods, the role of the state, and the role of experts entail the replacement of a more socially driven understanding of identity with an act of commercial prestidigitation by way of nation branding; the pertinent state entities are replaced by advertising and image consultancy firms; and, lastly, scholars of various disciplines are replaced by advertising and PR executives. In short, following neoliberalism, identity is reinterpreted as brand. Identity no longer results from the never-ending and instantaneous negotiation between a multiplicity of parties, representative of myriad aspects relevant to the configuration of individuals and communities, but is rendered instead as the quantifiable, concrete result of a variety of transactions. Through this reformulation, a new relationship is suggested between the idea of nation as imagined community and the reality of the state as a material expression of the concept of nation.

The changing role of children’s charities delivering early intervention services

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-176
Author(s):  
Alison Body
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Early Intervention Services ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Preventative Services

In chapter 6 we explore the impact of commissioning and policy changes on early intervention and preventative services for children delivered by the charitable sector. The definition of early intervention and preventative services is highly contested and politicised within policy and commissioning processes. This reflects an ongoing debate regarding the shifting paradigm of prevention. As the commissioning narrative has developed, there has been an overall disengagement between the voluntary sector providers and State. As the charitable sector is increasingly exposed to intensifying marketization, polarisation of relationships increases. We identify here three ‘types’ of organisational responses to this ever-changing environments; conformers – those charities who align themselves close to the State and regularly reinterpret their mission to fit State logic; the outliers – those charities which reject State approaches to early intervention and seek to deliver services completely independently of the State; and the intermediaries – those charities which walk between conformity and dissent, working with the State when necessary or too their advantage, and walking away when not. We discuss how these types fundamentally alter children’s charities perspectives and experiences of commissioning and the impact this has on their wider work.

Tools for Science

Nuncius ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Chapron
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Scientific Academies

Abstract This article presents an overall reflection on the libraries that were assembled in scientific institutions in France and Italy in the eighteenth century using case studies and comparative approaches. It focuses in particular on five scientific academies (located in Turin, Florence, Paris and Brest) and two Florentine institutions, the Museo di Fisica e di Storia Naturale and the Santa Maria Nuova Hospital. Decisions made regarding library premises, book procurement policies, catalogue publications and whether or not to open to the public were all investments that demonstrated the role of the written culture in the identity of scholarly communities, including those (such as the naval and surgeons’ communities) whose members had long been seen as professionals firmly rooted in a manual practice that was detached from theory. This article thus shows how libraries participated in the institutionalisation of scientific activities, the definition of professional knowledge and the formation of scholarly collectives.

scholarly journals The role of museums in the modern artistic process of Buryatia

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Т.А. Бороноева
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
The State ◽  
Artistic Process ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Geographic Remoteness

Автор рассматривает роль государственных музеев и центров современного искусства в развитии изобразительного искусства Бурятии. В частности, показано, как решаются проблемы, порожденные географической удаленностью республики от культурных столиц России и сложившимся в русле академизма стереотипом «национального своеобразия». В настоящее время в Республике Бурятия достаточно заметны признаки активного развития современного искусства, поддерживаются молодые таланты. При этом автор отмечает, что ведущую роль в сохранении, продвижении произведений изобразительного искусства и художников играют именно государственные музеи. Именно там работы художников становятся музейными предметами — культурными ценностями, имеющими значение для истории и культуры государства и обладающими особыми признаками, которые делают необходимыми для общества их сохранение, изучение и публичное представление. The author examines the role of state museums and centers of contemporary art in the development of the fine arts of Buryatia. In this development process, it is important to solve the problems generated by the geographic remoteness of the republic from the cultural capitals of Russia and the stereotype of “national identity” that has developed in line with academism. At present, signs of active development of contemporary art are quite noticeable in the republic, young talents are supported. At the same time, the author notes that it is the state museums that play the leading role in the preservation and promotion of works of fine art and artists. It is in museums that the works of artists become museum objects — cultural values ​​that are significant for the history and culture of the state and possess special characteristics that make it necessary for society to preserve, study and publicize them.

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