scholarly journals Pro-rural Policies, Income, and Inequality: Evaluating a Cash-for-Work Program in Rural China

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Sylvie Démurger
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Work Program ◽  
The Past ◽  
Household Survey Data

Despite the dramatic reduction of poverty in China over the past 35 years, poverty has not been fully eradicated in rural areas and, in the context of growing inequalities, it remains a national concern. This paper examines a local cash-for-work program launched in mountainous areas of the Beijing municipality in December 2004, with a view to understanding both the challenges and achievements of pro-poor programs in China. Using original household survey data, we first highlight the fairly good targeting performance of the program towards the local poor. Second, participation equations provide evidence of increasing local income without crowding out local agricultural activities. Finally, a decomposition of household income inequality by source highlights the strongly equalizing effect of the program on peasants' income.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Community Sports Provision on Social Inclusion and Public Health in Rural China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Qiu Chen ◽  
Tianbiao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Community Sports ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

It is well known that increasing participation in physical activities is not only positive for individual health promotion, but also beneficial for community-level public health by enhancing the individual’s social well-being by facilitating social inclusion. Although the provision of community sports affects participation in physical activities, the magnitude and direction of this effect are still not clear. Under this circumstance, this paper examined the effects of community sports provision on social inclusion and public health using the micro-level data from a household survey conducted in eight provinces of rural China. For the purpose of this paper, the degree of social inclusion was proxied by participation in community sports, while public health was measured by the probability of getting ill for members of each household. The empirical results show that community sports provision was partially effective in promoting inclusion and health in rural areas. Specifically, constructing public sports facilities significantly increases participation in community sports and decreases the risk of getting ill. In contrast, organizing public sports activities increases the opportunity for households to play sports. Nonetheless, it does not promote public health. Equally important is that economic growth (reflected in the increase in income level) may enhance public health through advancing medical technologies and improving sanitary conditions instead of encouraging participation in community sports.

生活困擾: 試論九七前後香港的貧窮問題

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
宏泰 鄭 ◽  
紹倫 黃
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Effective Action ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
Working Situation

本文嘗試引用自1988至2001年期間所進行的全港性社會指標調查資料，分析香港的貧窮問題。從數據上看，我們發現香港社會已明顯地出現“貧者愈貧”的現象。若受訪者是來自低教育、低收入以至低技術階層的話，他們陷入貧窮困局的機會便愈大。受訪的貧窮者當中對家庭、個人以至工作各方面的不滿情緒，往往較那些生活條件充裕者大；至於對經濟環境、就業和政府管治方面的怨憤，也較為強烈。以上各種趨勢，不但十分突顯，而且有愈來愈嚴重的傾向，值得當局小心處理。 With reference to the territory-wide household survey data that was obtained from 1988 to 2001, this paper tries to analyze the poverty problem in Hong Kong before and after the hand-over. Our data clearly shows that in the past one and a half decades, the poverty problem has become worst. In comparison with the well-off families, respondents who came from the poorer families have become more dissatisfied with the living environment, the working situation, economic prospectus as well as the administration of the government. If the government would not take effective action to solve this worsening poverty problem, the foundation of the territory's social stability will be threatened.

Nutrient elasticities of food consumption: the case of Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faharuddin Faharuddin ◽  
Andy Mulyana ◽  
M. Yamin ◽  
Yunita Yunita
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Rice Oil

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess nutrients elasticities of calories, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System is used on Indonesian socioeconomic household survey data. Findings Expenditure elasticities of nutrients in overall model range from 0.707 (for carbohydrates) to 1.085 (for fats), but expenditure elasticities in rural areas are higher than those in urban area. Most of price elasticities of nutrients have very small absolute value (not elastic) and all values are lower than the expenditure elasticities. However, the price of five groups of food commodities, namely, rice, oil and grease, fishes, meat, and other foods give significant influence on nutrients consumption. Research limitations/implications This research only includes four micronutrients, namely, calorie, protein, fat, and carbohydrate. Originality/value This research is one of very limited literatures about nutrient elasticity of food consumption in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Labor market and crisis: an analysis of sectoral segmentation in Brazilian rural

2022 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Gomes Mantovani ◽  
Jefferson Andronio Ramundo Staduto ◽  
Carlos Alves do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Bias Correction ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Sample Selection Bias ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Counterfactual Decomposition

Abstract: The article aims to analyze which factors contributed to the inequality across income distribution of Brazilian workers in rural areas, occupied in agricultural and non-agricultural activities. Quantile regression with sample selection bias correction and counterfactual decomposition of income by quantiles were applied, using the microdata from the National Continuous Household Survey (PNAD-C) for the years 2012 and 2019. The results showed that there is income inequality favorable to workers occupied in non-agricultural activities concerning agricultural activities, which is intensive for those with lower incomes, as well as for those with high incomes. The presence of sectorial segmentation was also confirmed, of which the largest portion in 2012 corresponds to the labor market duality. However in 2019, in lower quantiles the segmentation obtained greater explanatory power for the difference in income between the groups, while in higher quantiles the theory of human capital prevailed.

scholarly journals Impact of food price increases on poverty in Indonesia: empirical evidence from cross-sectional data

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faharuddin Faharuddin ◽  
M. Yamin ◽  
Andy Mulyana ◽  
Y. Yunita
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Food Price ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
The Impact

PurposeUsing cross-sectional household survey data, this paper aims to determine the impact of food price increases on poverty in Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses the quadratic almost ideal demand system applied to the 2013 Indonesian household survey data. The impact of food price increase on household welfare is calculated using a welfare measure, compensating variation.FindingsThree food groups with the most outstanding price impact on poverty are rice, vegetables and fish were studied. The 20% increase in the price of each food group causes an increase in the headcount ratio by 1.360 points (rice), 0.737 points (vegetables) and 0.636 points (fish). Maintaining food price stability for these food groups is very important because the more price increases, the more impact on poverty. Food price policies in rural areas are also more critical than in urban areas because the impact of food price increases in rural areas is higher.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper does not consider the positive impact of rising food prices on food-producing households.Practical implicationsImplementing appropriate poverty alleviation policies through food policies for main food groups and social protection.Social implicationsPromoting rural development policies and agricultural growth.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical results regarding the impact of domestic food prices increase on poverty in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Who Gets Primary Schooling in Pakistan: Inequalities among and within Families

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeba A. Sathar ◽  
Cynthia B. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Primary Schooling ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
Children's Schooling ◽  
Cycle Of Poverty

The chances of Pakistani children's entering school and completing the primary level are extremely low even in comparison witli the relatively poor situation in other South Asian countries. This paper uses the 1991 Pakistan Integrated Household Survey to explore some of the determinants of parents' decisions about their children's schooling, giving particular attention to factors at the household and community levels. The results indicate that inequalities across households provide a major explanation for variations among children in primary schooling levels. Even the basic decisions relating to children's entry into school and completion of the primary level are largely determined by parents' education, particularly that of mothers, and household income. Primary school is not compulsory and even attendance at public school requires substantial monetary outlays. With only a small percentage of school-age children in Pakistan having mothers with any education or parents with sufficient income, the cycle of poverty and unequal opportunity is perpetuated. The accessibility of "appropriate" single-sex schools and the availability of quality schools are important additional factors in children's schooling outcomes, particularly for girls in the rural areas.

ICT4D in China and the Capability Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Ting
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Capability Approach ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Capability Approach

For more than a decade, the Chinese government has poured copious resources into rural informatization as a means to increase agricultural productivity and rural economic growth. Such efforts so far have not produced definite results in rural areas, but increasing economic inequality and rising environmental threats have already forced the government to rethink its growth-centered development policy. Indeed, recent government releases clearly state the resolve to departure from the “GDP obsession” of the past. Meanwhile, the past three decades saw the rise of a powerful alternative development approach—the Capability Approach (CA), which focuses on empowering individuals and sees economic growth as one element of well-being. Given that the CA can potentially help devising a more coherent and holistic framework for Information and communications technologies for development (ICT4D), this paper examines the compatibility between the Capability Approach and the top-down socialist approach towards rural informatization in China. Built on two case studies of rural informatization in rural China, the present paper identifies potential obstacles to the adoption of the Capability Approach and discusses policy implications and suggestions.

FINTECH, GROWTH AND INEQUALITY: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA’S HOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
XUN ZHANG ◽  
JIAJIA ZHANG ◽  
GUANGHUA WAN ◽  
ZHI LUO
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Rural Income ◽  
Urban Counterpart ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
The Rich

This paper represents an early attempt to investigate the growth and distributional effects of Fintech development, using household survey data from China. China’s rapid expansion of Fintech in the past decade has significantly improved the accessibility and affordability of financial services, particularly for formerly financially excluded population groups. Linking the index of digital financial inclusion with China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data, we find that Fintech development is positively correlated with household income, and the positive effect is larger for rural households than the urban counterpart, suggesting that Fintech development has helped narrow the urban–rural income gap. Moreover, the poor gain more than the rich from Fintech development in rural China, indicating its benign distributive impacts within rural China.

scholarly journals Adopting Mobile Money: Evidence from an Experiment in Rural Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 594-598
Author(s):  
Catia Batista ◽  
Pedro C. Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Rural Africa ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

Who uses mobile money, and what do people do with it? This paper describes mobile money adoption patterns following the experimental introduction of mobile money for the first time in rural areas of Southern Mozambique. We use administrative and household survey data to characterize adopters as well as their mobile money usage patterns over three years. Adopters of mobile money (and early adopters in particular) are more educated than nonadopters, and they are also more likely to already hold a bank account. Positive self-selection of adopters should be considered when introducing mobile money as a tool for rapid financial inclusion.

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